• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.465-489
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• 2012

Residual stresses play important role for design of steel structural members. Cold formed sections usually have residual stresses caused by roll forming. When compared to stresses caused by the working load, especially for compressed members, the effects of residual stresses can be favorable or unfavorable depending on magnitude, orientation and distribution of these stresses. The research presented in this paper includes experimental investigations of residual stresses, initial imperfections and material properties on cold formed carbon steel open cross sections. Experimental results have been compared to results obtained in similar tests with stainless and high strength steel cross sections. Theoretical and experimental research, conducted for cold formed open cross sections, are important for design of axially compressed members. This paper presents two methods of residual stresses investigation: magnetic method and method of pre-drilled holes and obtained results have been compared with results of residual stresses from other authors.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2001

An ultrasonic test method, as a nondestructive test is applied to ensure the clad interface quality assessment. According to the reference codes and standards, not only korea Industrial Standard(KS) but also American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard, ultrasonic examination procedures use the pulse-echo, A-scan, back reflection signal drop method and/or side drilled reference hole used to establish the acceptance criteria of clad material test. But the variety of bonding materials and sizes makes it difficult to produce the reference blocks, or thus the criteria. In order to overcome these practical difficulties, new ultrasonic testing criterion is suggested. In this new method, the theoretical interface reflection signal amplitude level is calculated and suggested as an acceptance criteria with the back reflection signal set to 100% FSH(Full Screen Height) which is based on acoustic impedance mismatch at the clad interface for the explosive clad ultrasonic inspection. Applicability of suggested criterion, for the explosive clad Fe-Naval Brass with different bonding quality is confirmed to the pre-existed KS and ASTM specifications and verified by using SEM (Seanning Electron Microscope) micrograph. The results obtained by the suggested method is more conservative than the results according to the KS B 0234 and ASTM A 578 specifications The suggested method could be applicable to any other combination of explosive clad ultrasonic inspection.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1206-1215
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• 2008

In this study, the equivalent pressure acting on the face of drilled hole was determined by back analysis. This analysis was continued until the difference between the displacement directly measured during field test construction of CGS and the displacement evaluated by numerical analysis was below 10 percent, and the affect of diaphragm wall adjacent to grout bulb was evaluated by numerical analysis using the equivalent pressure. From the analysis results, it was observed that the increase of the pressure acting on the diaphragm wall was greater at reclaimed sandfill layer than silty clay layer during the installation of CGS. Two methods were adopted to reduce the pressure acting on the diaphragm wall. One is installing of trench between diaphragm wall and grout bulb, the other is pre-installing of CGS before construction of diaphragm wall. From the numerical analysis results, above two methods can be considered as an effective method to reduce the pressure. It was analyzed that the amount of reduction of the pressure and the displacement are 689.8% and 564.6%, respectively, in the case of adopting the trench method, and 463.7% and 214.0%, respectively, in the case of adopting pre-installing of 3 columns CGS.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.228-239
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• 2008

식립 후 힘의 부하가 조기에 이루어지는 마이크로임플란트의 경우 식립 시의 골응력 혹은 스트레인의 관리가 그 안정성에 있어 중요한 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3D 유한요소법을 사용하여 교정용 마이크로임플란트 식립 시 피질골에 발생하는 응력(스트레인)을 해석하였다. 0.9 mm 직경으로 미리 드릴링한 1mm 두께 피질골에 마이크로임플란트(AbsoAnchor SH1312-7, Dentos, Daegu, Korea)가 식립되는 전체 과정(10회전, 식립 깊이 5 mm)의 모사를 위해 총 1,800 step의 유한요소해석을 실시하였다. 식립 진행과 더불어 생기는 나사산 주위 피질골의 기하학적 형상변화를 유한요소해석에 반영하기 위하여 지속적인 remesh를 실행하였으며, 빠른 수렴을 위해 마이크로임플란트는 강체로, 피질골은 강소성체로 모델링하였다. 해석 결과, 마이크로임플란트 식립 시 피질골에 발생되는 스트레인은 임플란트 주위골 전체에서 정상적인 골개형을 위한 한계치로 보고되고 있는 $4,000\;{\mu}$-strain을 상회하였고, 나사산 첨부 인접골에서는 스트레인이 100% 이상에 달하였다. 계산된 피질골 식립토오크는 약 1.2 Ncm 정도로 가토 경골에 동일 모델의 마이크로임플란트을 식립하며 측정한 값에 약간 미달하였으나 근접한 수치를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해, 마이크로임플란트의 식립과정을 3D 유한요소법으로 재현할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 또한 마이크로임플란트 식립에 의해 피질골에 발생하는 스트레인 크기는 생리적인 골개형을 저해할 수 있는 수준임을 확인할 수 있었다.