• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권19호
• /
• pp.8041-8046
• /
• 2014

In-depth analysis of how TRAIL signals through death receptors to induce apoptosis in cancer cells using high throughput technologies has added new layers of knowledge. However, the wealth of information has also highlighted the fact that TRAIL induced apoptosis may be impaired as evidenced by experimental findings obtained from TRAIL resistant cancer cell lines. Overwhelmingly, increasing understanding of TRAIL mediated apoptosis has helped in identifying synthetic and natural compounds which can restore TRAIL induced apoptosis via functionalization of either extrinsic or intrinsic pathways. Increasingly it is being realized that biologically active phytochemicals modulate TRAIL induced apoptosis, as evidenced by cell-based studies. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of how different phytonutrients have shown efficacy in restoring apoptosis in TRAIL resistant cancer cells. We partition this review into how the TRAIL mediated signaling landscape has broadened over the years and how TRAIL induced signaling machinery crosstalks with autophagic protein networks. Subsequently, we provide a generalized view of considerable biological activity of coumarins against a wide range of cancer cell lines and how coumarins (psoralidin and esculetin) isolated from natural sources have improved TRAIL induced apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. We summarize recent updates on piperlongumine, phenethyl isothiocyanate and luteolin induced activation of TRAIL mediated apoptosis. The data obtained from pre-clinical studies will be helpful in translation of information from benchtop to the bedside.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제52권6호
• /
• pp.821-825
• /
• 2014

바이오매스의 수증기 가스화 특성을 고온 영역에서 살펴보고자 열중량 분석기(thermobalance)에서 톱밥 촤의 수증기 가스화 연구를 수행하였다. 반응 온도를 $850^{\circ}C$에서 $1400^{\circ}C$까지 수증기 분압을 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 atm으로 변화시키며 가스화 실험이 수행되었다. 반응 kinetics 해석은 기체-고체 화학반응의 세 가지 모델이 이용되었고 이 중 modified volumetric model이 중량 변화를 가장 잘 나타내었다. 가스화 온도 $900^{\circ}C$를 기준으로 diffusion control regime과 reaction control regime의 두 단계로 가스화가 구분되었으며 이때 각각의 regime에 대하여 활성화에너지와 빈도인자를 도출하고 수증기 분압의 영향을 살펴보았다. 가스화와 동시에 수성가스화 변환반응이 진행되어 생성기체의 $H_2$ 농도가 CO에 비하여 2배 정도 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.8249-8261
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 학습공동체 프로그램 활동이 대학생들의 의사소통능력과 자기주도적 학습능력 향상에 영향을 주는지 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 광주에 소재한 N대학교에서 자발적이고 자율적으로 학습공동체를 조직하여 운영한 147명의 학생을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 8주 동안 진행된 학습공동체 프로그램 활동 전후 의사소통능력과 자기주도적 학습능력의 향상 여부를 검증하였다. 분석 결과 학습공동체 활동 경험은 의사소통능력과 자기주도적 학습능력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 특히, 모든 대상자들이 다양한 정보를 수집하고 타인의 의견을 경청하는 해석 능력과, 학습욕구를 진단하고 목표를 설정하며 학습을 위한 자원들을 스스로 파악하는 학습계획 능력이 향상되었다. 학생주도형 맞춤식 학습공동체 프로그램 개발과 활성화를 통한 지속적인 핵심역량 향상을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2011

목적 : 인진약침이 고지방식이로 유발된 비만 ICR mice에서 비만 및 동반 대사이상에 미치는 효과와 그 기전을 연구하고자 한다. 방법 : 인진약침의 비만 예방효과를 검증하기 위하여, 4주간 고지방식이를 급여하면서 150mg/kg 또는 300mg/kg의 인진약침을 양측 비수($BL_{20}$)에 교대로 매일 피하에 시술하였다. 또한 인진약침의 비만 치료효과를 검증하기 위하여, 4주간 고지방식이를 급여한 비만 ICR mice에 추가 4주간 고지방식이를 유지하면서 300 mg/kg 인진약침액과 vehicle control로써 등량의 distilled water를 양측 비수($BL_{20}$)에 교대로 매일 피하에 약침시술하였다. 인진약침의 항비만효과와 기전을 알아보기 위해, 체중, blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), AST, ALT levels 등 대사지표를 측정하고 부고환조직의 조직학적 관찰을 시행하였으며, AMPK activation과 adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation 및 thermogenesis와 관련된 gene expressions을 평가하였다. 결과 : 인진약침의 치료를 통하여 고지방식이 급여로 인한 체중의 증가가 억제되었을 뿐만 아니라, 비만 ICR mice의 체중을 감소시켰으며, glucose 및 lipid homeostasis를 개선시켰으며 지방조직의 증식을 억제하였다. AMPK의 phosphorylation과 CPT-1 및 UCP2의 발현을 증가시켰으며, PPAR-${\gamma}$, C/EBP${\alpha}$, aP2, LPL,FAS, SCD-1의 발현을 억제하였다. 결론 : 인진약침은 고지방식이 유도 동물모델에서 비만 및 동반 대사이상을 개선시키는 효과가 있으며, 이는 식이억제에 의한 2차적 효과라기 보다는 energy expenditure를 증가시키고, pre-adipocyte differentiation 및 proliferation을 억제하며, lipogenesis를 억제하고 lipolysis를 증가시키는 효과에 의한 것으로 사료된다.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.27.1-27.6
• /
• 2012

Red ginseng, which has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects, has been used for thousands of years as a general tonic in traditional oriental medicine. Here, we tested the immune regulatory activities of hydrolyzed red ginseng by malted barley (HRG) on the expressions of receptor interacting proteins (Rip) 2 and $I{\kappa}B$ kinase-beta (IKK-${\beta}$) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. We show that HRG increased the activations of Rip 2 and IKK-${\beta}$ for the first time. When HRG was used in combination with recombinant interferon-${\gamma}$ (rIFN-${\gamma}$), there was a marked cooperative induction of nitric oxide (NO) production. The increased expression of inducible NO synthase from rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG-stimulated cells was almost completely inhibited by pre-treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$). In addition, the treatment of peritoneal macrophages with rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG caused significant increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and production. Because NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ play an important role in the immune function and host defense, HRG treatment can modulate several aspects of the host defense mechanisms as a result of the stimulations of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and NF-${\kappa}B$. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HRG increases the productions of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ from rIFN-${\gamma}$-primed macrophages and suggest that Rip2/IKK-${\beta}$ plays a critical role in mediating these immune regulatory effects of HRG.

• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.257-280
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 과학영재 학생들에게 3단계 마인드맵 활동이라는 학습 방법을 천문내용을 중심으로 개발하여 적용해 봄으로써 그들의 시스템 사고가 어떻게 향상되었는지를 분석한 것이다. 2번의 사전연구를 거친 후, 6학년 9명 학생을 대상으로 시스템 사고의 향상 정도를 마인드맵과 인과지도 및 학생들의 면담 내용을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 3단계 마인드맵 활동을 경험한 실험집단 학생들의 인과지도 내용이 통제집단에 비해 훨씬 복잡하고 다양하게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발하여 적용한 3단계 마인드맵 활동은 과학영재 학생들의 시스템 사고 향상을 위한 대안으로서의 가치가 있다고 생각한다. 이 연구를 통해 3단계 마인드맵 활동은 과학영재 학생들의 배경지식 활성화 및 사고의 체계화를 유도함으로써 과학영재 학생들의 시스템 사고를 향상시키는 대안이 될 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이를 적극적으로 활용한다면 과학영재 학생들의 시스템 사고를 향상시켜 창의적 문제 해결력을 향상시키는 인재 육성에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2015

Urinary mutagenicity is widely recognized as a useful biomarker for the assessment of mutagen exposure level in human. In this study, we optimized the several parameters affecting the activity of Urinary mutagenicity using highly sensitive mutation test(microsuspension assay) instead of the conventional Ames test. First of all, we chose YG1024 as a highly sensitive strain from three str ains of Salmonella typhimurium(TA98, TA100, YG1024) using r epr esentative mutation substances, such as Benzo[a]pyrene, 2-Aminonaphthalene, 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole($MeA{\alpha}C$) and cigarette total particulate matter(TPM). And we established the several kinds of test conditions such as number of bacter ia, concentr ation of metabolic activation system and incubation time for the most sensitive reaction. Also, we optimized efficient pre-treatment method using commercial C18 column. As a r esults, this method was shown a aver age of 94 % recovery value and 13 % relative standard deviation. When we compared the Urinary mutagenicity between several participants, we confirmed that compar ative measurements were possible for different levels of urine mutagenicity. In conclusion, the optimized highly sensitive mutation test to measure the Urinary mutagenicity may be useful in biological monitoring of mutagen exposure level.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2000

Three kinds of serine protease inhibitors, members of the Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor, were purified from Dolichos lablab seeds and named Dolichos protease inhibitor 1, 2 and 3 (DI-1, DI-2 and DI-3), respectively. Each inhibitor showed a single band with gel mobility at around 15.9, 12.1 and 14.6 kDa on 20% SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. To characterize inhibitory specificity, the inhibition constant (Ki) for these inhibitors was measured against several known serine proteases. All three Dolichos protease inhibitors (DI-1, DI-2 and DI-3) inhibited the activity of trypsin and plasmin, but had no effect on thrombin and kallikrein (either for human plasma kallikrein or for porcine pancreas kallikrein). DI-1 inhibited chymotrypsin most effectively (Ki = $3.6{\times}10^{-9}\;M$), while DI-2 displayed inhibitory activity for porcine pancreatic elastase (Ki = $6.2{\times}10^{-8}\;M$). Pre-treatment of the 33 mg/kg of DI-mixture (active fractions from $C_{18}$ open column chromatography that included DI-1, DI-2 and DI-3) inhibited the induction of pseudomonal elastase-induced septic hypotension and prevented an increase in bradykinin generation in pseudomonal elastase-treated guinea pig plasma. Also, the increase of kallikrein activity, by injection of pseudomonal elastase, was inhibited by the pretreatment of the DI-mixture in a guinea pig. Since the DI-mixture had no inhibitory effect on kallikrein activity when Z-Phe-Arg-MCA was used as a substrate in vitro, its inhibitory activity in the pseudomonal elastase-induced septic hypotension model might not be due to a direct inhibition of plasma kallikrein in the activation cascade of the Hageman factor and prekallikrein system. These results suggest that the Dolichos DI-mixture might be used as an inhibitor in pathogenic bacterial protease-induced septic shock.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed settlement motivation, life satisfaction factors, policy requirement targeting return farmers on mountain village. 8 target villages where return farmers live at least 10 people were selected according as cooperation of the local governments through literature by considering the area of the whole country. The return farmers in target villages were conducted a face to face survey with village headman's pre-coordination from February to September 2013. A total of 94 surveys were performed and 87 copies were used in the analysis. According to the results, the most important factor influenced the decision to be a return farmer was "my family health(3.97)". The correlation analysis was performed to examine factors related with satisfaction of "return farmer life in general". The result showed that "change of physical health" was the most important correlativity with 0.544 correlation coefficient and 0.05 significant level and "family relationship" was followed with 0.424 correlation coefficient and 0.05 significant level. According to the "important factor for the successful return-farmer life", 42.7% of respondents chose "harmonious relationships with local residents" and "stable source of income" was chosen by 29.3% of residents. A questionnaire for the analysis of policy requirements showed that "education system related Forestry(Agriculture)" was the highest demand with 4.oo points. The result can be used as a basis for establishing policies with activation of mountain villages to attract to constantly increasing population of return farmers.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제51권7호
• /
• pp.338-343
• /
• 2018

Transcription termination factor-1 (TTF-I) is an RNA polymerase 1-mediated transcription terminator and consisting of a C-terminal DNA-binding domain, central domain, and N-terminal regulatory domain. This protein binds to a so-called 'Sal box' composed of an 11-base pair motif. The interaction of TTF-I with the 'Sal box' is important for many cellular events, including efficient termination of RNA polymerase-1 activity involved in pre-rRNA synthesis and formation of a chromatin loop. To further understand the role of TTF-I in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-I virus production, we generated various TTF-I mutant forms. Through a series of studies of the over-expression of TTF-I and its derivatives along with co-transfection with either proviral DNA or HIV-I long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven reporter vectors, we determined that wild-type TTF-I downregulates HIV-I LTR activity and virus production, while the TTF-I Myb-like domain alone upregulated virus production, suggesting that wild-type TTF-I inhibits virus production and trans-activation of the LTR sequence; the Myb-like domain of TTF-I increased virus production and trans-activated LTR activity.