CELLMED (셀메드)

Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical Association (셀메드 세포교정의약학회)
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Evidence of hydrolyzed traditional Korean red ginseng by malted barley on activation of receptor interacting proteins 2 and IkappaB kinase-beta in mouse peritoneal macrophages

  • Rim, Hong-Kun (Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Oriental Medical Science Center, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Kyu-Yeob (Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Oriental Medical Science Center, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Moon, Phil-Dong (Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Oriental Medical Science Center, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2012.05.21
  • Accepted : 2012.08.20
  • Published : 2012.08.31
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Abstract

Red ginseng, which has a variety of biological and pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects, has been used for thousands of years as a general tonic in traditional oriental medicine. Here, we tested the immune regulatory activities of hydrolyzed red ginseng by malted barley (HRG) on the expressions of receptor interacting proteins (Rip) 2 and $I{\kappa}B$ kinase-beta (IKK-${\beta}$) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. We show that HRG increased the activations of Rip 2 and IKK-${\beta}$ for the first time. When HRG was used in combination with recombinant interferon-${\gamma}$ (rIFN-${\gamma}$), there was a marked cooperative induction of nitric oxide (NO) production. The increased expression of inducible NO synthase from rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG-stimulated cells was almost completely inhibited by pre-treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$). In addition, the treatment of peritoneal macrophages with rIFN-${\gamma}$ plus HRG caused significant increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and production. Because NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ play an important role in the immune function and host defense, HRG treatment can modulate several aspects of the host defense mechanisms as a result of the stimulations of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and NF-${\kappa}B$. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that HRG increases the productions of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ from rIFN-${\gamma}$-primed macrophages and suggest that Rip2/IKK-${\beta}$ plays a critical role in mediating these immune regulatory effects of HRG.

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References

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