• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.395-406
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• 2006

In ad hoc networks, the limited battery capacity of nodes affects a lifetime of network Recently, a large variety of power-aware routing protocols have been proposed to improve an energy efficiency of ad hoc networks. Existing power-aware routing protocols basically consider the residual battery capacity and transmission power of nodes in route discovery process. This paper proposes a new power-aware routing protocol, TDPR(Traffic load & lifetime Deviation based Power-aware Routing protocol), that does not only consider residual battery capacity and transmission power, but also the traffic load of nodes and deviation among the lifetimes of nodes. It helps to extend the entire lifetime of network and to achieve load balancing. Simulations using ns-2[14] show the performance of the proposed routing protocol in terms of the load balancing of the entire network, the consumed energy capacity of nodes, and an path's reliability TDPR has maximum 72% dead nodes less than AODV[4], and maximum 58% dead nodes less than PSR[9]. And TDPR consumes residual energy capacity maximum 29% less than AODV, maximum 15% less than PSR. Error messages are sent maximum 38% less than PSR, and maximum 41% less than AODV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.379-381
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• 2005

Ad hoc 네트워크에서 노드의 한정된 에너지 용량은 개설 경로의 수명과 안정성에 많은 영향을 미치는 요소이다. 따라서 이러한 에너지 한계를 극복하기 위한 다양한 power-aware 라우팅 프로토콜들이 네트워크 계층에서 제안되고 있으며, 이들 라우팅 프로토콜들은 기본적으로 노드의 배터리 잔량 에너지와 전송 전력량을 경로 탐색 과정에서 반영한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 power-aware 라우팅 프로토콜보다 개설 경로의 동작시간을 높이고 전체 네트워크의 부하균등을 이를 수 있도록 하는 새로운 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안하며 TPR(Traffic load based power-aware routing protocol)로 명명한다. TPR은 NS-2를 이용한 성능 평가를 통해 전체 네트워크의 부하 균등과 개설 경로의 수면, 안정성 측면에서의 개선점을 확인한다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

In Ad-Hoc Networks, the limited energy is the key issue for longer network operation time. To solve this problem, various energy-aware routing techniques have been proposed including PSR (Power-aware Source Routing), HPSR (Hirachical Power-aware Source Routing), and etc. Those techniques generally select the most adequate route considering the energy consumption so that the energy efficiency can be improved. However, There are problems in those techniques that traffic can be concentrated in some specific area in a network. In this paper, a new energy aware routing technique called MPSR is proposed to achieve longer network lifetime and fewer rerouting attempts.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.411-418
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• 2016

Context-aware application has a lot of power consumption because it creates context by using a number of smartphone's sensors. Furthermore, only few kinds of researches have been conducted that provide information for the evaluation result of power consumption in the aspect of applications. In addition, evaluation of power consumption do not consider user's usage pattern or provide only total amount of power consumption, and inform developers power consumption of sensors undistinguishable. It makes developers hard to develop a power consumption-considered application. If developers could get information for power consumption of context-aware application in detail, a development of power-considered context-aware applications would be possible. Consequently, this paper proposes a BMT(Bench Mark Test) model which is able to inform developers useful evaluation criteria and result about power consumption of smartphone's components and sensors with usage pattern considered.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

In this paper we have proposed a power aware location based routing protocol for wireless ad hoc network. The existing greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) has some problems which are certain node overloaded and void situation. The proposed power aware greedy perimeter stateless routing (PAGPSR) protocol gives a solution for these problems in GPSR. PAGPSR uses power aware and geographically informed neighbor selection to route a packet towards the destination. It also gives a solution for the fundamental problem in geographical routing called communication void. It considers residual energy of battery and distance to the destination for the next hope node selection. When it encounters a void it starts limited-flooding to select next hop node. To evaluate the performance of our protocol we simulated PAGPSR in ns-2. Our simulation results show that our protocol achieves longer network lifetime compared with greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR).

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.44-47
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose context-aware based on Low Power Sensing Algorithm. The proposed sensing algorithm reduces power consumptions using low-power sensing algorithms and low-power sensing protocols. Experimental results show that the average power consumption of the proposed method is up to half consumption that of the conventional method.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to extend Ad-hoc network system lifetime with the proposed routing protocol which has considered hop lifetimes of the nodes while guaranteeing QoS in the establishment process of Ad-hoc network communication paths. Based on another power aware routing system that proposed in the advanced research [1], we are proposing an alternative power aware routing system in which nodes' hop lifetimes are compared in order to extend the lifetime of an Ad-hoc network system and delay factors have been considered for the assurance of QoS. The research of the routing protocol in this paper, which aims to maximize the system survival time considering power consumption status during the path searching in MANET and pursues the mechanism that controls hop delays for the same reason, can be applied to the study of WSN. The study concerning such phenomena is essential so that the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified with NS-2 in Linux system focusing on the lifetimes of the hops of the nodes. Commercialization of smart devices and arrival of the ubiquitous age has brought about the world where all the people and things are connected with networks. Since the proposed power aware method and the hop delay control mechanism used to find the adequate communication paths in MANET which mainly uses batteries or in WSN, they can largely contribute to the lifetime extension of the network system by reducing power consumptions when utilized for the communications attempts among soldiers during military operation, disaster areas, temporary events or exhibitions, mobile phone shadow areas, home networks, in-between vehicle communications and sense networks, etc. This paper presents the definitions and some advantages regarding the proposed outing protocol that sustain and extend the lifetime of the networks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.4680-4697
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• 2017

In future, since the user experience plays a more and more important role in the development of today's communication systems, quality of experience (QoE) becomes a widely used metric, which reflects the subjective experience of end users for wireless service. In addition, the energy efficiency is an increasingly important problem with the explosive growth in the amount of wireless terminals and nodes. Hence, a QoE-aware energy efficiency maximization based joint user access selection and power allocation approach is proposed to solve the problem. We transform the joint allocation process to an optimization of energy efficiency by establishing an energy efficiency model, and then the optimization problem is solved by chaotic clone immune algorithm (CCIA). Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can efficiently and reliably improve the QoE and ensure high energy efficiency of networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1C
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• pp.149-156
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• 2004

In this paper, novel power-aware motion estimation is proposed for low-power multimedia communication. In the video compression, motion estimation dominates the total power consumption, where better performance usually requires more power consumption. Among several motion estimation algorithms with different performance and power, the proposed motion estimation adaptively selects the optimal algorithm during run-time, considering the trade-off between performance and power. The proposed motion estimation can be easily applied to various motion estimation algorithms with negligible computation or hardware overhead. According to simulation results, the proposed motion estimation reduces the power consumption to 1/15.7~1/5.6 without performance degradation, when compared to the conventional algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1453-1456
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• 2004

PARO, a power-aware routing optimization mechanism, is proposed in [1] to minimize the transmission power needed to forward packets between wireless devices in ad hoc network. The mechanism works by redirecting the route to pass through one or more intermediate nodes on behalf on source-destination pairs, then reducing the end-to-end transmission power. This paper will show an extension of this model and provide an analysis of the geometrical area lying between source and destination in which the intermediate node elects to perform redirection. The duration the intermediate node stays in that area is also computed.