• Title/Summary/Keyword: power penalty

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Penalty Factor Computation Algorithms for Economic Load Dispatch Based on B-Coefficient and AC Load Flow and their Performance Comparison (경제급전을 위한 B-계수와 조류계산에 의한 페널티계수 산정법의 개발 및 성능비교)

  • Nam, H.K.;Moon, Y.H.;Choi, H.K.;NamKung, J.Y.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1999.11b
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    • pp.206-209
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    • 1999
  • This paper presents an improved method of calculating the penalty factors for economic load dispatch based on B-coefficient and AC load flow and their performance comparison. The algorithm for calculating B-coefficients by Meyer is improved and its performance is compared with that of AC load flow. The B-coefficient method is superior to the load flow method in its simplicity and computation speed. However accuracy of the B-coefficient method is not satisfactory when it is applied to the ill-conditioned systems where generators produce excessive reactive power.

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A 240 km Reach DWDM-PON of 8-Gb/s Capacity using an Optical Amplifier

  • Kim, Min-Hwan;Lee, Sang-Mook;Mun, Sil-Gu;Lee, Chang-Hee
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.93-96
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    • 2007
  • We demonstrate a 240 km reach DWDM-PON at 8-Gb/s capacity based on wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes and a bidirectional EDFA. We achieve a packet-error-free transmission in both the 64 upstream and 64 downstream channels, guaranteeing a 125 Mb/s symmetric data rate per user. There is no noticeable dispersion penalty. The power penalty due to the crosstalk induced by the DWDM transmission and detuning between AWGs is less than 1.2 dB, when the detuning is within ${\pm}0.12 nm$.

Design of a High-Performance Mobile GPGPU with SIMT Architecture based on a Small-size Warp Scheduler (작은 크기의 Warp 스케쥴러 기반 SIMT구조 고성능 모바일 GPGPU 설계)

  • Lee, Kwang-Yeob
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.479-484
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    • 2021
  • This paper proposed and designed a structure to achieve high performance with a small number of cores in GPGPU with SIMT structure. GPGPU for application to mobile devices requires a structure to increase performance compared to power consumption. In order to reduce power consumption, the number of cores decreased, but to improve performance, the size of the warp scheduler for managing threads was set to 4, which was greatly reduced than 32 of general GPGPU. Reducing warp size can reduce the number of idle cycles in pipelines and efficiently apply memory latency to reduce miss penalty when accessing cache memory. The designed GPGPU measured computational performance using a test program that includes floating point operations and measured power consumption through a 28nm CMOS process to obtain 104.5GFlops/Watt as a performance per power. The results of this paper showed about four times better performance per power compared to Tegra K1 of Nvidia

Scan Cell Grouping Algorithm for Low Power Design

  • Kim, In-Soo;Min, Hyoung-Bok
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.130-134
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    • 2008
  • The increasing size of very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits, high transistor density, and popularity of low-power circuit and system design are making the minimization of power dissipation an important issue in VLSI design. Test Power dissipation is exceedingly high in scan based environments wherein scan chain transitions during the shift of test data further reflect into significant levels of circuit switching unnecessarily. Scan chain or cell modification lead to reduced dissipations of power. The ETC algorithm of previous work has weak points. Taking all of this into account, we therefore propose a new algorithm. Its name is RE_ETC. The proposed modifications in the scan chain consist of Exclusive-OR gate insertion and scan cell reordering, leading to significant power reductions with absolutely no area or performance penalty whatsoever. Experimental results confirm the considerable reductions in scan chain transitions. We show that modified scan cell has the improvement of test efficiency and power dissipations.

A Study on Enhancing Load Power Factor Effectively Using Load Duration Curves and the Power Factor Sensitivity of Generation Cost (부하지속곡선과 부하역률 감도기법 적용에 의한 효과적인 부하역률개선 연구)

  • Lee, Byung-Ha;Kim, Jung-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2005.07a
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    • pp.480-482
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, utilization of load duration curves is presented for analyzing the effect of load power factor and determining the value of load power factor effectively. In addition, the power factor sensitivity of generation cost and integrated costs including voltage variation penalty cost are used for determining the value of the load power factor from the point of view of voltage regulation and economic investment. It is shown through the application to the KEPCO power system that the load power factor can be enhanced effectively and appropriately using the load duration curve.

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Uniqueness of an Optimal Run-up for a Steep Incline of a Train

  • Vu, Xuan
    • International Journal of Railway
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 2009
  • An optimal driving strategy of a train in a long journey on a nonsteep track has four phases: an initial power phase, a long hold speed phase, a coast phase and a final brake phase. The majority of the journey is speed holding. On a track with steep gradients, it becomes necessary to vary the strategy around steep sections of track because it is not possible to hold a constant steep on steep track. Instead we must interrupt the speed hold phase with a power phase. The aim of this paper is to show that there is a unique power phase that satisfies the necessary conditions for an optimal journey. The problem is developed and solved for various cases, from a simple single steep gradient to a complicated multiple steep gradient section. For each case, we construct a set of new conditions for optimality of the power phase that minimises the energy used during the power phase subject to a weighted time penalty. We then use the new necessary conditions to develop a calculate scheme for finding an optimal power phase for a steep incline. We also present an example to confirm the uniqueness of an optimal power phase.

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A Study on the Mitigation pf Market Power using Contingent Transmission Rights in Competitive Electricity Markets (경쟁적 전력시장에서 Contingent Transmission Right을 이용한 지역적 시장지배력 완화방안)

  • Park, J.S.;Kim, K.M.;Chung, K.H.;Han, S.M.;Kim, B.H.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2005.11b
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    • pp.159-161
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    • 2005
  • Transmission congestion is one of the key factors to local market power in competitive electricity markets. Financial transmission rights provide the financial protection to their holders by paying back the congestion cost. However, the market participants who have market power can exacerbate their market power. Due to the exacerbated market power, this paper analyzes the mitigation of local market power using Contingent transmission rights on the market price. Contingent transmission rights provide not only the financial protection but also regulative penalty. The proposed methodology was demonstrated with the Optimal Power Flow(OPF).

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Wideband WDM Transmission through the Power Symmetry Method in the Mid-Span Spectral Inversion (Mid-Span Spectral Inversion을 이용한 광 펄스 왜곡의 보상에서 전력 대칭을 통한 광대역 WDM 전송)

  • 이성렬;이윤현
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.1157-1166
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    • 2001
  • In this paper, we investigated the degree of compensation for optical pulse shape distortion due to both chromatic dispersion and SPM(self phase modulation) in high speed optical transmission system with dispersion shift fiber. We adopted the power symmetric MSSI(mid-span spectral inversion) as compensation method. We used EOP(eye-opening penalty) parameter in order to evaluate the compensation efficiency of distorted optical pulse. We evaluated input signal power range being able to maintain stable reception performance in the case of various chirp parameter of modulated optical pulse. And, in order to verify the applicable to wideband WDM system, we evaluated the wavelength range being able to maintain stable reception performance through the EOP calculation of various dispersion coefficient of first fiber D$\_$11/. We showed that proposed MSSI is effective compensation method to down chirped optical pulse transmission rather than up chirped optical pulse transmission in anomalous dispersion range. And we showed that this method have possibility of relative high power transmission and wideband transmission in WDM system.

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Decision Making on Bus Splitting Locations Using a Modified Fault Current Constrained Optimal Power Flow (FCC-OPF)

  • Song, Hwachang;Vovos, Panagis N.;Cho, Kang-Wook;Kim, Tae-Sun
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2016
  • This paper presents a method of decision on where bus splitting is needed to reduce fault current level of power systems and to satisfy the fault current constraints. The method employs a modified fault current constrained optimal power flow (FCC-OPF) with X variables for the candidate locations of splitting and for decision making on whether to split or not, it adopts soft-discretization by augmenting inversed U-shaped penalty terms. Also, this paper discusses the procedure on the adequate selection of bus splitting locations based on the results of the modified FCC-OPF, to reduce the total number of the actions taken.

Dispersion Managed Optical Transmission Links with Optimized Optical Phase Conjugator

  • Lee, Seong-Real
    • Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.372-376
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, new and simple optical transmission link with fixed dispersion management (DM) scheme, i.e., pre(post) compensation and residual dispersion per span (RDPS) are fixed to net residual dispersion (NRD) = 0 ps/nm, and optical phase conjugator (OPC) having optimal position depending on launch power in WDM transmission system is proposed. Also, effective launch power range of WDM channels resulting 1 dB eye opening penalty (EOP) is induced as a function of OPC position. First, it is confirmed that, for applying DM into WDM transmission link fixed pre(post)compensation and RDPS, which are independence on exact system parameters except launch power, sufficiently are used in WDM links, but OPC with optimal position is needed for effective compensating impairments of WDM channels. And, it is confirmed that effective launch power is broader in case of RDPS = 100 ps/nm than in RDPS = 50 ps/nm. But, it is shown that the best OPC position offset is -0.6 km from a point of view of power window, which is defined as difference between maximum and minimum effective launch power.