• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.685-696
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• 2022

Although the use of pottery-making soils has a long history, its use in the pottery industry requires that physical and geotechnical properties of the materials be established to define the suitability for various purposes. The main purpose of this study is to identify the different types of clays and mineral composition and to perform the geotechnical evaluation of the clays for making pottery products. Soils investigated in this study include raw materials used for making Baekja (white porcelains), Chungja (celadons), Buncheong, Sancheong, and Johyung. Pottery-making soils are manufactured by using different types of soils and sold by individual ceramic clay company. This study includes physical tests of soil and chemical analysis of major elements using XRF and XRD instrumentation. Grain size distributions, mineralogical composition, and a range of plasticities of soils for making different types of potteries are presented. Correlations between specific type of pottery clays and geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics are determined by comparing the test results. Since quantitative research using laboratory tests for pottery-making soils are rarely performed in Korea, further research should be done in the future to improve the Korean pottery industry.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.326-346
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• 2002

This study examined how the tradition and culture based on the historical experience of the region are regenerated on the making regional identity and symbolic representation in Kurim-ri, Youngam. Kurim has represented the most typical community of the aristocratic class through Daedong-gae of 400 years. But, since 1970's Kurim has undergone a rapid change in regional identity in Kurim ; from the beginning of the spot of Wangin festival to the village of earthenware, the village of pottery culture heritage most recently. The process of history-making around Wangin in Kurim was connected with the strategy of the pottery culture village-making centering around the Youngam Pottery Culture Center. These projects ultimately were resulted in expression the regional identity, 'Kurim of Wang-in'. The regional tradition of Daedong-gae and Wangin in Kurim was linked together solidly through the Wangin festival procedures. And the excavation of a kiln site in Kurim which was going on with the process of history-making at the same time around Wangin in Kurim provided the cultural episode on related 'earthenware' with an archeological foundation. As a consequence of these, the cultural space, the Young-am Pottery Culture Center has came to establish in Kurim finally. However, recently the Kurim of Wangin and Daedong-gae which was representative of regional identity in Kurim is bringing Dosun who was distorted and estranged during the history-making focused on Wangin in Kurim. Now, there are some cultural issues in Kurim ; an authentical settlement of the Youngam Pottery Culture Center in Kurim and how Wangin and Dosun is linked together into the cultural strategy of 'the traditional village, Kurim'.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.36
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• pp.267-297
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• 2003

The plain coarse pottery from the Unjeonri Bronze Age relic sites in the Cheonan, Korea were studied on the basis of clay mineralogy, geochemistry and archaegeological interpretations. For the research, the potteries are utilized at the analysis for 6 pieces of plain coarse potteries. Color of the these potteries are mainly light brown, partly shows the yellowish brown to reddish brown. The interior, surface and inside of the pottery appear as different colors in any cases. Original source materials making the Unjeonri potteries are used of mainly sandy clay soil with extreme coarse grained irregularly quartz and feldspar. The magnetic susceptibility of the Unjeonri pottery range from 0.20 to 1.20. And the Unjeonri soil's magnetic susceptibility agree almost with 0.20 to 1.30. In the same magnetization of soil and pottery, the results revealed that the Unjeonri soil and low material of pottery are same produced by identical source materials. The Unjeonri potteries and soil are very similar patterns with all characteristics of soil mineralogy, geochemical evolution trend. The result seems to be same relationships between the behavior and enrichment patterns on the basis of a compatible and a incompatible elements. Consequently, the Unjeonri potteries suggest that made the soil to be distributed in the circumstance of the relic sites as the raw material are high in a greater part. In the Unjeonri soil, the kaolinite is common occurred minerals. However, in the Unjeonri pottery, the kaolinite was not detected in all broken pieces. The kaolinite was presumed to destroy crystal structure during the firing processes of over $550^{\circ}C$. The quartz is phase transition from ${\alpha}$-quartz to ${\beta}$-quartz at $573^{\circ}C$, but the Unjeonri pottery did not investigated any phase transition evidences of quartz. The chorite was detected within the mostly potteries and soils. As the results, the Unjeonri potteries can be interpreted by not experiencing a firing temperature over $800^{\circ}C$. The colloidal and cementing materials between the quartz and low materials during the heating did not exist in the internal part of the potteries. An any secondary compounds by heating does not appear within the crack to happen during the dry of the pottery. The hyphae group are kept as it is with the root tissue of an organic matters to live in the swampy land. In the syntheses of all results, the general firing condition to bake and make the Unjeonri pottery is presumed from $550^{\circ}C$ to $800^{\circ}C$. However, the firing condition making the Unjeonri pottery can be different firing temperature partially in one pottery. Even, the some part of the pottery does not take a direct influence on the fire.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.15
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• pp.1-20
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• 1994

A typology was established for 15 pottery artefacts at Chejuisland. Conjectured methods of manufacture were confirmed by radiography X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy etc. The compositions and mineralogy of $500^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$ was measured and compared with those of microstructure. The mechanism of sintering was impurity-initiated, liquid-phase sintering. The making, firing, and sometimes exploding of the figurines may have been the prime function of the pottery at this site rather than being manufactured as permanent, portable object.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

This paper presents an augmented reality based modeling system that can provide pottery design experiences to the user. Augmented reality offers natural 3D interaction, a tangible interface, and integration into the real environment. In addition, six modeling techniques that mimics the hand movements in real world deformation process and an occlusion based interaction technique is provided for pottery modeling. The developed interface facilitates fast and intuitive pottery design. The AR pottery system can be used for pottery prototyping/design and educational purposes.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.33
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• pp.4-35
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• 2000

The paddling technique is a Kind of secondary treatments in the process of ceramic forming, which appeared in the Chinese Neolithic Age pottery making. In the case of Korean prehistoric pottery making, it was first introduced together with the kiln firing method from Tongpei region(東北地方) of China in Yan(燕) dynasty occupation period. Korean archaeologists have recognized the adoption of the new technologies as a drastic innovation of ceramic production. And most of them have thought that the diffusion of new techniques, accompanied by the migration of the northern ethnic groups, had been immediately followed by the innovative changes in pottery procdution. However, rejecting the arguments from the simple diffusionist viewpoint, I have first tried to describe the innovation processes in the ceramic production systems as a spatio-temporal process. The paddling technique by the cord-wound paddle, which was first introduced among the various paddles, was associated with the new sort of pottery, round pots fired in low temperature of reducing atmosphere condition. The cord-marked round pots first tried by the indigenous potters in the southern part of Korean were characterized by the relatively low leveled techniques in forming and firing, compared to those of north-east China. The techniques of the round pots were hardly improved in the domestic production system until the appearance of the fully-specialized one. The specialized production system of the round pot, which appeared first in the mid-western region of Korea, showed the diversified paddling techniques and made the noticeable improvements in forming and firing processes.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.171-185
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• 2013

The purpose of this study were to interpret making characteristics and clay sources for Proto-Three Kingdoms period potteries which were excavated from Bakjimeure site in Tangjeong, Asan, Korea, on the basis of shape types. The pottery samples of the studied included deep bowl pottery, cylinder shaped pottery, duck shaped pottery and rounded based jar with short neck. And the last jar was dominant among them. This is supported in nearby Yongduri Jinter site, Galmaeri site and Baekseokdong site. They vary in terms of color of clay, absorption ratio and mineral classification. Based on the fact that their absorption ratio range was 4.50 to 25.19% and firing temperature range was 850 to $1,150^{\circ}C$, they were thought to be widely used. The equivalence of cylinder shaped pottery, duck shaped pottery and deep bowl pottery was high in terms of material characteristics and their firing temperature range was 850 to $950^{\circ}C$. However, the deep bowl pottery, compared to other pottery shapes, contained great amount of coarse grained quartz and feldspar, and was different from others in terms of function. For soil sample collected from relative plains (area 3) in the southernmost part of the site, their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics were the most similar to those of the potteries excavated from the Bakjimeure site and even most of the potteries collected from different sites.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

While the project for registering the unregistered relics that had been stored in the relic storage warehouse was in progress, restoration operations were started for the large size pottery pieces that had been excavated from the Geumgangsa Temple Site and it is attempted to explain the pottery pieces and to introduce the process of the overall conservation treatment. About 600 pieces of large size pottery had been separately stored in more than 40 relic boxes in their original damaged condition without making it possible to figure out their shape, size, usage and quantity at all. Due to the enormous number and weight of the pottery pieces, they were, first of all, pre-classified largely into 6 groups of pottery pieces in consideration of the visible features such as pottery thickness, color sense and glaze brilliance, etc. for each kind of pottery raw material. However, as a result of making them adhere together on a temporary basis, they turned out to be only one piece of pottery in reality. In this restoring process, in order to see if the generally used cyanoacrylate adhesive was in fact safe when a very large, heavy and deformed pottery piece was to be put together, its safeness was checked by examining the adhesion velocity, adhesion strength and dissolution velocity for both from low to high viscosities through preliminary experiments. In order to restore the lost parts after putting the existing pieces together, diversified epoxy resins were used to fit their shapes. Considering that the bottom of the restored relic was shaped to be not flat but round without allowing it to stand alone, an exhibition mount was manufactured so that the relic could be stored stably and used readily for exhibition.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.440-455
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the material characteristics of bowls and compare the making techniques of flat cup with cover and jar coffin from the Oryang-dong kiln site, Naju. Bowls, the most frequently excavated small pottery have similar material characteristics, including gray surface, fine-grained texture, and small-sized tempers such as quartz and feldspar, regardless of the excavation slopes. However, the firing temperature of the bowls mostly ranges from 950 to 1,100 ℃. It is estimated that the bowls had formalized making techniques, owing to the similar material composition and firing technique regardless of the excavation slope. The flat cups with cover have similar texture and mineral phases, except their poorly sorted inclusions. However, the jar coffins contain not only fine-grained minerals but also medium-grained quartz, feldspar, and biotite, showing a relatively wide range of firing temperatures. According to the geochemical results of pottery by type, it is assumed that chemical compositions are classified into two groups: small pottery(bowl and falt cup with cover) and jar coffins. In conclusion, small potteries such as bowls and flat cups with cover were made by removing the heavy minerals from raw materials, whereas jar coffins were made by adding medium-grained minerals to raw materials to maintain and support their structures, despite the same source materials. In addition, it is presumed that pottery making proceeded by selecting the source materials, preparing according to their use and controlling the firing temperature and environment.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.50
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• pp.331-344
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• 1997