• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 2008

On the basis of chemical composition of granite, gneiss and their weathering products, in this paper, rare earth elements (REEs) was estimated as tracer for clarifying a geochemical variance of earth surface material during weathering process. The chemical composition of clay, clay ware and pottery also were measured for testifying usefulness of REE geochemistry in clarifying the source material of pottery. It was observed that there was no systematic variation of chemical composition among source rock, weathered rock and soil during weathering process. The chemical composition of clay, clay ware and pottery also did not show systematic variation by baking pottery. However, PAAS (Post Archean Australian Shale)-normalized REE patterns of rock-weathered rock-soil and clay-clay ware-pottery are similar regardless of weathering process or ceramic art. Our results confirm that REE geochemistry is powerful tool for clarifying the source materials of surface sediment or archaeological ceramic products.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.48-101
• /
• 2010

This paper estimated the calendar date of pottery with ring-rim(粘土帶土器) with the radiocarbon dating. This was based on archaeological facts with comparing line relations and radiocarbon dates of Yayoi pottery(彌生土器). As a result, I understood that pottery with circle ring-rim(圓形粘土帶土器) appeared in BC 6c, pottery with triangle ringrim(三角形粘土帶土器) appeared at the time in BC 300 . Based on the calendar date and aspect of ironware and pottery in grave, I kept in BC 4c with appearance date of ironware. And I kept in BC 5c with appearance date of the slim bronze dagger culture. Korea and Japan common chronological order were built for the first time based on radiocarbon dates, line relations of pottery with ring-rim and Yayoi pottery. This is the calendar date to date back approximately 100~300 years from the existing the calendar date. Current periodization does not match in the calendar date when I built it newly. Therefore I suggested it as follows. Early iron age is from the first~middle part BC 4c to BC 100. And the latter half of Bronze age is from BC 6c to the front appearance of ironware. Then Songguk-ri type(松菊里式) becomes staudard type of pottery in the middle stage of Bronze age.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.142-157
• /
• 2015

This study examines how traditional knowledge functions in the specific techniques to make pottery in terms of the traditional knowledge on the pottery techniques of Onggi potters. It focuses on how traditional pottery manufacturing skills are categorized and what aspects are observed with regard to the techniques. The pottery manufacturing process is divided into the preparation step of raw material, the molding step of pottery, and the final plasticity step. Each step involves unique traditional knowledge. The preparation step mainly comprises the knowledge on different kinds of mud. The knowledge is about the colors and properties of mud, the information on the regional distribution of quality mud, and the techniques to optimize mud for pottery manufacturing. The molding step mainly involves the structure and shape of spinning wheels, the techniques to accumulate mud, ways to use different kinds of tools, the techniques to dry processed pottery. The plasticity step involves the knowledge on kilns and the scheme to build kilns, the skills to stack pottery inside of the kilns, the knowledge on firewood and efficient ways of wood burning, the discrimination of different kinds of fire and the techniques to stoke the kilns. These different kinds of knowledge may be roughly divided into three categories : the preparation of raw material, molding, and plasticity. They are closely connected with one another, which is because it becomes difficult to manufacture quality pottery even with only one incorrect factor. The contents of knowledge involved in the manufacturing process of pottery focused are mainly about raw material, color, shape, distribution aspect, fusion point, durability, physical property, etc, which are all about science. They are rather obtained through the experimental learning process of apprenticeship, not through the official education. It is not easy to categorize the knowledge involved. Most of the knowledge can be understood in the category of ethnoscience. In terms of the UNESCO world heritage of intangible cultural assets, the knowledge is mainly about 'the knowledge on nature and universe'. Unique knowledge and skills are, however, identified in the molding step. They can be referred to 'body techniques', which unify the physical stance of potters, tools they employ, and the conceived pottery. Potters themselves find it difficult to articulate the knowledge. In case stated, it cannot be easily understood without the experience and knowledge on the field. From the preparation of raw material to the complete products, the techniques and traditional knowledge involved in the process of manufacturing pottery are closely connected, employing numerous categories and levels. Such an aspect can be referred to as a 'techniques chain'. Here the techniques mean not only the scientific techniques but also, in addition to the skills, the knowledge of various techniques and levels including habitual, unconscious behaviors of potters.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2012

This study aimed to interpret the provenance and firing temperature of pottery from Chipyeongdong site in Gwangju, Korea though mineralogical and geochemical methods and also investigated the post-depositional alteration of pottery in burial environments. It is also presumed that they were made of soils near the site because they have similar mineralogical composition and same geochemical evolution path. Based on the results of mineralogical analysis, the pottery samples are largely divided into 2 groups; $700^{\circ}C$ to $1,000^{\circ}C$ and 1,000 to $1,100^{\circ}C$. At some pottery fired at over $1,000^{\circ}C$, it is thought that the refinement of raw materials were processed to remove macrocrystalline fragments. However, it was found that phosphate in soil environments formed amorphous aggregates with Al and Fe within the pores and voids on pottery fired at the low temperature. It indicates the contamination of pottery after burial.

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.69
• /
• pp.63-89
• /
• 2007

The Archaeological sites of so called Round Clay Rim Pottery (Jeomtodaetogi : 점토대토기) culture in Kangwon region have been rarely excavated in proper form. Since most cases belong to those of ground surface gatherings, it is difficult to certify the nature and the association with other artifacts. Therefore, researches on that culture have been limited to simply set the chronological order in the Bronze Age in realtion with the Plain Pottery culture. However, a comparative study trying to explain the Round Clay Rim Pottery culture in both Yeongseo(영서) and Yeongdong(영동) has become possible thanks to recent excavation results from the sites of Chilgeon-dong(칠전동) in Chunchon City(춘천시) and Songrim-ri(송림리) in Kangneung City(강릉시), for example. Certain difference can be observed in form and amount of artifacts in between Yeongseo and Yeongdong. Such difference can be seen as individual localization in different places diffused from a common source, rather than showing different stages of unilineal developmental process of one culture. The Round Clay Rim Pottery culture seems to have been coexisted with the Rim-Perforated Pottery(공렬토기) and Dolmen(지석묘) culture. According to the radiocarbondatings, the upper time limit of the Round Clay Rim Pottery culture goes back considerably beyond the alleged upper limit of either the late fourth century or the second century B.C.. However, both cultures absorbed into the Iron Culture during the same period.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.159-173
• /
• 2015

The patternless potteries excavated from the Baekseokdong Gojaemigol site in Cheonan, was subdivided into talc and non-talc (including amphibole) type pottery. The potteries showed black, reddish brown and yellowish brown colors, but represent to difference with occurrences and internal texture of raw materials and temper minerals. The all potteries and paleosoils are commonly high content of temper minerals with poorly sorting and roundness of particles, and the paleosoils composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, mica, chlorite and kaolinite. Between the talc and non-talc type potteries are very similar with magnetic susceptibility, absorption ratio and specific gravity. Geochemical behaviors of major, minor, compatible and incompatible elements in talc pottery are very similar with amphibole, non-talc pottery and paleosoils, and well correspondence with enrichment and deficiency patterns of each element, and the talc and amphibole potteries are highly enriched patterns of MgO concentration. In paleosoils of Gojaemigol site, talc and amphibole are not detected, therefore, making the pottery of the site estimate the possible to artificial additions of the temper minerals of talc and amphibole used interbedded talc layer within gneiss complex near the Baekseokdong area. Based on the phase relations, differential thermal and thermal gravimetric analyses, the potteries could be classified into two groups by firing temperature. The one group of talc temper pottery fired from 800 to $870^{\circ}C$ and the other group of amphibole and non-talc temper pottery revealed of 900 to $950^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.4-31
• /
• 2018

The Neolithic pottery excavated from the Jungsandong site has been classified into four types of pottery (I: feldspar type, II: mica type, III: talc type and IV: asbestos type) according to their mineral composition. These four types of potteries generally appear to have undergone incomplete firing, while the level of oxidation in the type I pottery objects, which have a relatively higher clay content, was found to be particularly low. The type III objects, which have a high talc content, are judged to have been somewhat slow in removing carbon because they contain saponite belonging to the smectite group. Of the four types of pottery, type IV showed the highest redness and the most uniform characteristics, thus indicating a good level of oxidation. In particular, fixed carbide (C; 33.7 wt.%) with a thickness of about 1mm, and originating from organic substances, was detected inside the walls of the type I pottery, while the deep radial cracks in the outer surfaces of the pottery are thought to have been caused by repeated thermal shocks. Given that all of the pottery except for the type I artifacts are considered to be have been made for storage purposes, those containing talc and tremolite are easy to done liquid storing vessels based on an analysis of their material characteristics. As for the type II relics, which are composed of various minerals and exhibit poor physical properties, they seem to have been used for simple storage purposes. As domestic talc and asbestos mines were concentrated in the areas of Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, and Chungnam, it seems likely that talc and tremolite were produced as contiguous minerals. Considering the distance between the remains in Jungsandong and these mines and their geographical distribution, there is a possibility - albeit somewhat slight - that these mines were developed for the mining of various minerals. Although ultramafic rock masses - such as serpentine capable of generating talc and tremolite - have not been found in the Jungsandong area, limestone and biotite granite containing mica schist have been identified in the northwestern part of Yeongjong Island, indicating that small rock masses might have formed there in the past. Therefore, it is judged necessary to accumulate data on pottery containing talc and tremolite, other than the remains in Jungsandong, and to investigate the rocks and soils in the surrounding area with greater precision. The firing temperatures of the pottery found at the Jungsandong site were interpreted by analyzing the stability ranges of the mineral composition of each type. As a result, they have been estimated to range from 550 to $800^{\circ}C$ for the type I artifacts, and from 550 to $700^{\circ}C$ for the type I, II and IV artifacts. However, these temperatures are not the only factors to have affected their physical properties and firing temperature, and the types, particle sizes, and firing time of the clay should all be taken into consideration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.91.1-91
• /
• 2003

• KOMUNHWA
• /
• no.34
• /
• pp.3-32
• /
• 1989

It is my attempt to define 'pinched' as design, to find the pottery-building process and to postulate how much lavor were needed by experimental study. The sites where the pinched shards were found are Tongsam-dong. Sinam-ri, Chukgok, Suga-ri, Sang-Nodae-

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.326-346
• /
• 2002

This study examined how the tradition and culture based on the historical experience of the region are regenerated on the making regional identity and symbolic representation in Kurim-ri, Youngam. Kurim has represented the most typical community of the aristocratic class through Daedong-gae of 400 years. But, since 1970's Kurim has undergone a rapid change in regional identity in Kurim ; from the beginning of the spot of Wangin festival to the village of earthenware, the village of pottery culture heritage most recently. The process of history-making around Wangin in Kurim was connected with the strategy of the pottery culture village-making centering around the Youngam Pottery Culture Center. These projects ultimately were resulted in expression the regional identity, 'Kurim of Wang-in'. The regional tradition of Daedong-gae and Wangin in Kurim was linked together solidly through the Wangin festival procedures. And the excavation of a kiln site in Kurim which was going on with the process of history-making at the same time around Wangin in Kurim provided the cultural episode on related 'earthenware' with an archeological foundation. As a consequence of these, the cultural space, the Young-am Pottery Culture Center has came to establish in Kurim finally. However, recently the Kurim of Wangin and Daedong-gae which was representative of regional identity in Kurim is bringing Dosun who was distorted and estranged during the history-making focused on Wangin in Kurim. Now, there are some cultural issues in Kurim ; an authentical settlement of the Youngam Pottery Culture Center in Kurim and how Wangin and Dosun is linked together into the cultural strategy of 'the traditional village, Kurim'.