• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4085-4089
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• 2014

Background: Atelectasis is an important prognostic factor that can cause pleuritic chest pain, coughing or dyspnea, and even may be a cause of death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of atelectasis and PET parameters on survival and the relation between atelectasis and PET parameters. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of patients with lung cancer with or without atelectasis who underwent $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT examination before receiving any treatment. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT derived parameters including tumor size, SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, total lesion glycosis (TLG), SUV mean of atelectasis area, atelectasis volume, and histological and TNM stage were considered as potential prognostic factors for overall survival. Results: Fifty consecutive lung cancer patients (22 patients with atelectasis and 28 patients without atelectasis, median age of 65 years) were evaluated in the present study. There was no relationship between tumor size and presence or absence of atelectasis, nor between presence/absence of atelectasis and TLG of primary tumors. The overall one-year survival rate was 83% and median survival was 20 months (n=22) in the presence of atelectasis; the overall one-year survival rate was 65.7% (n=28) and median survival was 16 months (p=0.138) in the absence of atelectasis. With respect to PFS; the one-year survival rate of AT+ patients was 81.8% and median survival was 19 months; the one-year survival rate of AT-patients was 64.3% and median survival was 16 months (p=0.159). According to univariate analysis, MTV, TLG and tumor size were significant risk factors for PFS and OS (p<0.05). However, SUVmax was not a significant factor for PFS and OS (p>0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggested that total lesion glycolysis and metabolic tumor volume were important predictors of survival in lung cancer patients, in contrast to SUVmax. In addition, having a segmental lung atelectasis seems not to be a significant factor on survival.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.206-215
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• 2015

Predicting the changes in the potential distribution of invasive alien plants under climate change is an important and challenging task for the conservation of biodiversity and management of the ecosystems in streams and reservoirs. This study explored the effects of climate change on the potential future distribution of Paspalum distichum var. indutum in the Korean Peninsula. P. distichum var. indutum is an invasive grass species that has a profound economic and environmental impact in the waterfronts of freshwater ecosystems. The Maxent model was used to estimate the potential distribution of P. distichum var. indutum under current and future climates. A total of nineteen climatic variables of Worldclim 1.4 were used as current climatic data and future climatic data predicted by HadGEM2-AO with both RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for 2050. The predicted current distribution of P. distichum var. indutum was almost matched with actual positioning data. Major environmental variables contributing to the potential distribution were precipitation of the warmest quarter, annual mean temperature and mean temperature of the coldest quarter. Our prediction results for 2050 showed an overall reduction in climatic suitability for P. distichum var. indutum in the current distribution area and its expansion to further inland and in a northerly direction. The predictive model used in this study appeared to be powerful for understanding the potential distribution, exploring the effects of climate change on the habitat changes and providing the effective management of the risk of biological invasion by alien plants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.554-559
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• 2016

Cheongju has been a continuously expanding city due to housing development and new town construction since the 1980s. With time, many urban problems have arisen, such as commercial decline, and degradation of the residential environment in inner city. To revitalize the inner city, this study proposed some planning strategies through the linkage of separated urban regeneration projects maximizing its effectiveness. Therefore, firstly, this study selected the target area in the inner city and identified the cause of the declination and deterioration pattern. Secondly, the main issues were derived by reviewing the locational characteristics and the potential of the target area. Finally, four strategies and detailed projects were suggested for the target area for revitalization of the inner city. Although the effectiveness cannot yet be verified due to its under realization, the results derived from the citizen's participation are having a very important impact and they can be a useful reference for similar planning.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2014

The tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen and moist deciduous forest types are projected to be impacted by climate change. In the Western Ghats region, a biodiversity hotspot, evergreen forests including semi evergreen account for 30% of the forest area and according to climate change impact model projections, nearly a third of these forest types are likely to undergo vegetation type change. Similarly, tropical moist deciduous forests which account for about 28% of the forest area are likely to experience change in about 20% of the area. Thus climate change could adversely impact forest biodiversity and product flow to the forest dependent households and communities in Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats. This study analyses the distribution of non-timber forest product yielding tree species through a network of twelve 1-ha permanent plots established in the district. Further, the extent of dependence of communities on forests is ascertained through questionnaire surveys. On an average 21% and 28% of the tree species in evergreen and deciduous forest types, respectively are, non-timber forest product yielding tree species, indicating potential high levels of supply of products to communities. Community dependence on non-timber forest products is significant, and it contributes to Rs. 1199 and Rs. 3561/household in the evergreen and deciduous zones, respectively. Given that the bulk of the forest grids in Uttara Kannada district are projected to undergo change, bulk of the species which provide multiple forest products are projected to experience die back and even mortality. Incorporation of climate change projections and impacts in forest planning and management is necessary to enable forest ecosystems to enhance resilience.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.52-66
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial system and characteristics of the urban center by deriving the boundaries of the urban center set in the urban basic plan for Busan Metropolitan City and diagnosing the role and status of the center. To this end, four indicators representing the characteristics of the center were selected through a review of previous studies, and the boundaries of the center were derived using spatial statistical techniques with strengths in geographical boundary analysis. Then, using the indicators of center characteristics and population potential functions, we diagnosed the influence and potential of each center in the spatial structure of Busan Metropolitan City. The analysis showed that the scale of the centers varies greatly, and the unutilized areas where commercial areas are not activated and the expansion areas that spread beyond commercial areas to residential and industrial areas are different for each urban center. The results of the potential measurement, which indicates the attractiveness of the center, also showed areas with strong and weak population potential. Therefore, systematic management and strategies based on the hierarchical characteristics and influence measurement results are needed to strengthen the function of urban centers. The results analyzed in this study can be used as a resource for responding to various urban planning needs and policy changes in the future, along with station area development plans and spatial innovation zones for building a sustainable urban growth system, balanced development, and strengthening the function of centers.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.923-941
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• 2005

Odor problem of livestock operation is important issue in a local community. I quantified the property price impact of 199 livestock operations for 3,355 housing sales in the U.S (Colorado). Spatial hedonic model was adopted to deal with spatial autocorrelation in housing market. Small beef and dairy operations, which are the traditional agricultural sector, seem to create a positive rural lifestyle amenity effect. However, the impact of livestock operation on rural residential sales turns to negative if the operation is over a certain size and species. Large hog and sheep operation seems to bring fatal economic loss from the local community perspective if it close to residential area. Livestock odor is one of the negative externality, the results provide the potential social cost of the livestock sector in the region. Policy makers may incorporate this social cost in the regional planning to minimize the social and maximize the development effect. Therefore, local officials and private individuals should carefully consider the location and characteristics of new residential properties and livestock operations alike.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.667-676
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• 2013

This study analyzed the energy demand, greenhouse gas emission and greenhouse gas reduction potential of Electronic Electrical components company. The LEAP model targeting long term energy plan was used to establish the most efficient plan for the companies by examining the climate change policy of government and the countermeasures by companies. A scenario was created by having 11 greenhouse gases reduction plans to be introduced from 2011 as the basic plan. Regarding input data, energy consumption by business place and by use, number of employee from 2009 to 2012, land area and change in number of business places were utilized. The study result suggested that approximately 13,800 TJ of energy will be spent in 2020, which is more than 2 times of 2012 energy consumption. When the integrated scenario based on the reduction plan of companies would be enforced, approximately 3,000 TJ will be reduced in 2020. The emission of greenhouse gases until 2020 was forecasted as approximately 760,000 ton $CO_2eq$. When the integrated scenario would be enforced, the emission will be approximately 610,000 ton $CO_2eq$, which is decrease by approximately 150,000 ton $CO_2eq$. This study will help the efficient responding of eElectronic Electrical components company in preparing detail report on objective management system and enforcement plan. It will also contribute in their image as environment-friendly companies by properly responding to the regulation reinforcement of government and greenhouse gases emission target based on environment policy.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.59-75
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• 2018

Objectives : Contents regarding Qiuzimen as found in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang were studied for their potentialities to be applied to infertility clinics. Methods : The contents on Qiuzimen in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang are pondered upon after dividing into two categories of medical theory and therapeutic principle, and other related texts and dissertations are further studied to discover a potential subject matter in being applied to today's modern clinics. Results : 1. In medical theory, Sunsimiao picked five overexertions and seven damages as the main medical cause of infertility. For remedy, he established four common formula, which are: chinjasan, bakchotangpotang, suppository, and haseog(cheon)moondongwhan. 2. There are total of thirteen types of formula described in the Qiuzimen in Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang, and five acupuncture points are used in the moxibustion method. After analyzing the herbs that were used six or more times, it was discovered that medicines were used to tonify the viscera of heart and kidney that are damaged through five overexertions and seven damages. In moxibustion method, different points such as CV4, LR14, pomoon, cheonmoon, and KI2, which is the point for kidney meridian were used in order to tonify the uterus through lower abdomen area and reproductive organs. 3. Qiuzimen has not only had a great impact on the infertility treatment as found in Furendaquanliangfang, which is the first gynecology text in Song dynasty, but it also had a continuous impact on medical texts in Ming and Qing dynasty. 4. The infertility therapeutic principle and approach method as found in the Qiuzimen are still relevant in today's modern infetility treatment. Conclusions : In the Qiuzimen of Beijiqianjinyaofang and Qianjinyifang, the problem of infertility is viewed as the whole body's problem, namely a type of defective disease caused by five overexertions and seven damages, the view of which should be applied to today's modern clinics.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-84
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• 2016

What impact does the sharing economy have on existing businesses? This paper empirically examines how Uber transformed the taxi industry in New York City. Using a regression model controlling various potential influencing factors, we find no direct evidence that daily trips or revenue per taxi driver decreased since Uber entered the taxi industry. However, a closer investigation into other dimensions of taxi trips reveals that taxi drivers were forced to change their way of doing businesses to retain existing daily trips and revenue. Since Uber crowded out yellow taxis from the central area of Manhattan, yellow taxis responded by serving customers outside of the Manhattan borough. From enlarging their geographical coverage and serving customers that were previously ignored, yellow taxis were able to retain their previous level of taxi trips and market share. We also find that yellow taxis responded by improving their service quality to better serve customers' needs. Our result suggests that incumbents actively responded to Uber's entry and provided substantial benefit to consumers. Combined with the incumbent's response, the sharing economy transformed the existing market in a welfare-enhancing way. This paper provides managerial and policy implication on how incumbents affected by the disruptions of the sharing economy should respond. Even though it might be yet premature to examine the impact of Uber, results suggest that incumbents have effectively defended against Uber's entry so far. We conclude that the sharing economy and the existing economy can create positive value in our society through well-intentioned competition, complementing each other's weaknesses and strengths.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 2020

Buoys are a necessary component for the safety of vessel traffic. However, if the buoy becomes inoperable from damage and loss, it can have significant impact on vessel traffic safety as well as unexpected budget spending. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of accidental contact by applying the marine traffic assessment index that can reflect the traffic flow in the sea area. First, Busan Port No. 5 fairway, with a high number of buoys and many contact accidents, was set as the sea area for assessment. to investigate the status of accidental contact and evaluate risk of contact accidents based on the IALA Waterway Risk Assessment Programme (IWRAP MkII) and Potential Assessment of Risk Model (PARK Model). As a result, buoys are near the P recautionary Area wherein the traffic flow was complicated by the Masan port vessel and Busan new port vessel, and buoys are near the entrance of the Gadeok waterway, wherein vessels show a pattern of navigation across the fairway and buoys are near the breakwater in the inner fairway were considered as high risk for contact accidents. This study can be used as basic data for establishing an integrated model to evaluate the risk of buoy contact accidents.