• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.427-432
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• 1999

For the development of a multifunctional biocontrol agent, the siderophore-producing strain GL7 was isolated from a rhizosphere on chrome azurol S agar. The GL7 was identified as a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescents on the basis of their reactions to standard physicochemcial tests from Bergey's manual, API diagnostic test, and fatty acid analysis. P. fluorescents GL7 considerably inhibited spore germination and hyphal growth of phytopathogenic fungus Funsarium solani in a dual culture. In pot trials of bean with P. fluorescens GL7, the disease incidence was significantly reduced down to 5% from 70% of incidence in the untreated control. P. fluorescens GL7 also enhanced plant growth to nearly 1.5 times than that of the untreated control, promoting elongation and development of the roots. These results suggest that the plant growth-promoting P. fluorescens GL7 can play an important role in the biological control of soil-borne plant disease in a rhizosphere.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.348-353
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• 1996

Mutation tachniques inducing more useful mutations and reducing somatic effects need to be improved for crop breeding. Seeds of barley varieties ; Dema, Grosso were treated with two types of mutagens ; 1) chemical treatment: single treatment or double treatment of two mutagens (N-nitroso-N-methylurea ; MNH, Sodium Azide; NaN$_3$) 2) gamma ray irradiation treatment. After treatment, half of seeds were used for germination test and half of seeds were sown to the field. With the higher dose of mutagen both chemical and gamma ray were plants treated, the higher rate of growth reduction rate was in M$_1$ seedling. In chemical treatment, germination rate of seeds, growth rate of coleoptile and root in double treatment of chemical mutagens were better than single treatments, especially in same dose. Growth inhibition rate of plant in double treatment of 1.0mM MNH(0.5mM MNH + 0.5mM MNH), for example, were less than one of plants of single treatment of 1.0mM MNH in pot and petri dish test. Growth reduction rate of culm and fertility rate in M$_1$ plants double treated in same dose of single treatment were also less than single one. With the higher dose of mutagen both chemical and gamma ray were plants treated, the higher frequency of chlorophyll mutants was in M$_2$ seedling. The rate of chlorophyll mutants in double treatment of chemical mutagens were higher than single treatment. Double treatment methods can be a improved method for induction of new good mutants, which were induced more useful mutations and reduced harmful somatic effects.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.90-103
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• 2015

The agricultural soil, meets soil environmental standards whereas agricultural product from the same soil does not meet permissible level of contaminants, is identified in the vicinity of the abandoned mine in Korea. This study estimated the stabilization efficiency of Cd and Pb using limestone through the flood pot test for this kind of agricultural paddy soil. We had the concentration of the monitored contaminants in soil solution for 4 months and analyzed fractionations in soil and concentrations in rice plant. In soil solution of plow layer, the reductive Mn had been detected constantly unlike Fe. The concentrations of Mn in limestone amended soil was relatively lower than that in control soil. This reveals that the reductive heavy metals which become soluble under flooded condition can be stabilized by alkali amendment. This also means that Cd and Pb associated with Mn oxides can be precipitated through soil stabilization. Pb concentrations in soil solution of amended conditions were lower than that of control whereas Cd was not detected among all conditions including control. In contaminants fractionation of soil analysis, the decreasing exchangeable fraction and the increasing carbonates fraction were identified in amended soil when compared to control soil at the end of test. These results represent the reduction of contaminants mobility induced by alkali amendment. The Cd and Pb contents of rice grain from amended soil also lower than that of control. These result seems to be influenced by reduction of contaminants mobility represented in the results of soil solution and soil fractionation. Therefore contaminants mobility (phytoavailability) rather than total concentration in soil can be important factor for contaminants transition from soil to agricultural products. Because reduction of heavy metal transition to plant depends on reduction of bioavailability such as soluble fraction in soil.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2005

In oder to select an antifungal substance-producing antagonistic bacterium against Fusarium oxysporum casuing fusarium wilt on tomato, strain BK4 was isolated from local soil of Gyeoungbuk and was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis by 16s rDNA analysis, biochemical test, and Mcirolog TM 3.0 System. The antibiotic of B. thuringiensis BK 4 was highly produced at $30^{\circ}C$ in nutrient broth (pH 9.0). The crude antibiotic was even stable at $121^{\circ}C$ and more stable at slight alkalic condition than acid condition. It was also remained $50{\%}$ activity at pH 3.0. B. thuringiensis BK4 showed the inhibition of spore germination and the biocontrol ability against F. oxysporum causing fusarium wilt of tomato in vivo test. According to these results, B. thuringiensis BK4 was enough to use with a microbial agent for biocontrol against fusarium wilt.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

The biodegradability in water of the artificial baits for blue crab pots which were made of intestines of mackerel, tuna and grinded krill were studied. The biodegradability of artificial bait was evaluated with the effective capacity of 10L water tank which was made of acryl pipe at the velocity of 1m/d and hydraulic retention time of 12 hours. For the 23 days operation time, all artificial baits were degraded fast at the early stage of operation time and stabilized within 5 days after start up. The rates of biodegradation were different depending on the raw materials of artificial baits. In terms of degradation rate of organic matter which can be expressed as COD, artificial bait made of tunas intestine showed the fastest degradation rate. On the other hand, in terms of degradation rate of nitrogenous matter which can be expressed as ammonia nitrogen, artificial bait made of mackerels intestine showed the fastest degradation rate. In order to evaluate the effect of artificial bait on marine ecosystem, seawater qualities including SS, COD, DO, nitrogen, phosphorus were determined depending on depth and location during 2 days test operation period. It is apparent that the effect of artificial bait on seawater quality was negligible when comparing seawater quality of test operation area with control area.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 1993

Five nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys arthrobotryoides, A. conoides, A. oligospora, Dactylella lobata and Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated for nematicidal effect on Meloidogyne hapla in greenhouse. Treatment of nematophagous fungi reduced the root galling by M. hapla and increased red-pepper growth in naturally infested pot soil. Number of galling were significantly less inall pots in 4 different inoculum densities of 5 nematophagous fungi compared to untreated plots. Especially, treatment of F. oxysprum resutled significant reduction of root gall of red-pepper. The increased shoot growth was significantly higher in pretreated plots by A. arthrobotryoides, A. conoides, A. oligospora, D. lobata and F. oxysporum at inoculum concentration of 1:100 but other treatments were not significantly increased shoot growth. Two promising fungi, D. lobata and F. oxysporum were selected in greenhouse test and in vitro results of previously experiment and applied to field plot naturally infested by M. hapla serverely. Number of galls were remarkably fewer in plots treated with D. lobata and F. oxysporum at either 1:70 or 1:100 concentration compared to the untreated plots. The shoot growth of red-pepper was increased strikingly in the plots following the red-pepper was increased strikingly in the plots following the treatment of both fungus than greenhouse test.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2019

This study was tested on Ratafia Champagne Trouillard 1947 of old fortified wine and analyzed differences from existing wines. Old fortified wine in Champagne, France and blanding is Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier. Alcohol level is 18% and test date is Feb. 15-21, 2019(six days of decanting period/15 p.m. on the last tasting day). Tester is composed of one FICB grand commander one KOV Finland commander. The wine opening was tested for two blades after wire removal and the decanting time was applied to the calculation formula of 2019(this year)-1947(vintage year)/12=6 days set in this study. Aroma smelled like cherries, fruits, soy sauce and licorice and bouquet was identified in five stages. The first stage was presented with the smell of pot, the second stage was light coffee, the third stage smell of fruit and flowers, the fourth stage smell of wild honey and the fifth stage smell of refined brandy. Then, the test was analyzed in seven stages. This study has the following implications: First, the new concept of old wine was applied to fortified wine. Specific computational formulas for the decanting period were derived. The decanting presented five steps of aromas and bouquet. Wine testing has been expanded from the previous five to seven levels. A new taste of Champagne old fortified wine was analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.463-472
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• 2023

The insecticidal activities of 27 different commercial products with environmentally friendly organic material(EFOM) against Scotinophara lurida, a major rice pest, were evaluated in the laboratory using spraying methods on plants and insects. Seven plant-derived organic farming materials (EFOM-8, -10, -12, -13, -19, -20, and -26) with high insecticidal effects when sprayed directly on the insect's body rather than on the plant were selected. In the indoor rice pot test, all 7 EFOMs showed an insecticidal rate of over 73.3% under flooding conditions. Notably, EFOM-13 and EFOM-20 demonstrated much higher insecticidal rates, ranging from 1.5 to 1.8 times, in flooding conditions compared to drained conditions. In the semi-paddy field test, EFOM-10 (80% garlic extract), EFOM-13 (62% neem extract), and EFOM-26 (70% sophora extract+28% ethyl alcohol+2% pyrethrum extract) exhibited a higher control value of 88.9% in the irrigated paddy on the 7th day, surpassing the control values in the drained paddy by 1.4 to 1.9 times. The control value in the irrigated rice paddy field sprayed with EFOM-10 reached 86.2% on the 7th day, which was 1.4 times higher than 61.9% in the drained paddy. Taken together, the findings suggest that direct contact of the insect's body with sufficient amounts of spray solution and the maintenance of paddy irrigation can enhance the controlling effect of EFOMs. These findings will be valuable in developing an optimal S. lurida control strategy for application in rice paddy fields in the near future.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.350-362
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• 2020

In this study, nano Fe°-impregnated biochar (INPBC) was prepared using pruning residues and one-pot synthetic method and evaluated its performance as an amendment agent for the stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil. For the preparation of INPBC, the mixture of pruning residue and Fe (III) solution was heated to 220℃ for 3hr in a teflon-sealed autoclave followed by calcination at 600℃ under N₂ atmosphere for 1hr. As-prepared INPBC was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM. For the stabilization test of as-prepared INPBC, As-contaminated soils (Soil-E and Soil-S) sampled from agricultural sites located respectively near E-abandoned mine and S-abandoned mine in South Korea were mixed with different of dosage of INPBC and cultivated for 4 weeks. After treatment, TCLP and SPLP tests were conducted to determine the stabilization efficiency of As in soil and showed that the stabilization efficiency was increased with increasing the INPBC dosage and the concentration of As in SPLP extractant of Soil-E was lower than the drinking water standard level of Ministry of Environment of South Korea. The sequential fractionation of As in the stabilized soils indicated that the fractions of As in the 1st and 2nd stages that correspond liable and known as bioavailable fraction were decreased and the fractions of As in 3rd and 4th stages that correspond relatively non-liable fraction were increased. Such a stabilization of As shows that the abundant nano Fe° on the surface of INPBC mixed with As-contaminated soils played the co-precipitation of As leaching from soil by surface complexation with iron. The results of this study may imply that INPBC as a promising amendments for the stabilization of As-contaminated soil play an important role.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.153-170
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• 1977

Considering the ways for the possible improvement of soil test for upland crops, various methods for the evaluation of K supplying power and testing of available soil K were reviewed in terms of theoretical principles and practical usefulness of the each method. The review was also made on the characteristics of upland crops in K requirement and on the chemical properties of major korean upland and lowland rice soils in terms of K availability. Following is the few remarks drawn from the review. 1. Quite large number of methods have been known for the evaluation of K supplying power and testing for available soil K. In nature, they can be divided into two categories; capacity-based methods and intensity-based methcds. The capacity-based methods usually measure the exchangeable and some portion of nonexchangeable K, while the intensity-based methods suggest to consider the ractivity ratios of major cations in soil solution and the energy requirement for the replacement of exchangeable soil K into soil solution. 2. As methodology for extraction of interested part of soil K, chemical extraction, electrodialysis and ion exchange methods have been known. Among these, chemical extract ion is favorable because of its simplicity. However, recently suggested Electro-Ultra-Filtration method seems to merit further study for wider use for not only K but also other nutrient availability of soils. 3. The intensity-based methods, although they are more theoretical, because of their complexity, in methods may not be adapted for practical soil tests. 4. The exchangeable K which is rather simple to measure and which well reflects the status of K reserve as nonexchangeable and is immediate pool of water soluble K may be good, if not best, criterion of soil K availability to plant in common soil testing. 5. Because there are evidences that the abundance of available K alone may not be good inclication for availability of K to plant, it is recommendable to interprete the exchangeable K data as percent saturation of exchangeable K to total C. E. C. of soil for the recommend ation of K fertilizer based on soil tests. 6. Some pot and field trial results showed the trends that percent potassium saturation to total C. E. C. better serve as the parameter for K fertilizer recommendation.