• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.508-533
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• 2019

This study investigated the Sachanbalgi, which record the royal feasts given by the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. These records are contained within the Gungjung Balgi, which recorded the types and quantity of items used in royal court ceremonies. The Eumsikbalgi is the general name for the records of food found within this document. Using these Eumsikbalgi, and in particular the Sachanbalgi, this study investigated the food eaten and bestowed by the Joseon royal family. The Sachanbalgi describes four categories or occasions of feasts: royal birthdays, childbirth, royal weddings, and funerals. These records allow us to reconstruct who the attendees were and what the table settings and food were for instances not directly indicated in oral records, books, or other documents. The food at these Sachan (feasts) was diverse, being related to the specific event, and its contents varied based on the position of the person who was receiving the food. Usually, Bab (rice) was not found at a Sachanbalgi, and only on two occasions were meals with Bab observed. Specifically, it was served with Gwaktang (seaweed soup) at a childbirth feast. There were seven kinds of soups and stews that appeared in the Sachanbalgi: Gwaktang, Yeonpo (octopus soup), Japtang (mixed food stew), Chogyetang (chilled chicken soup), Sinseonro (royal hot pot), and Yukjang (beef and soybean paste). Nureumjeok (grilled brochette) and Saengchijeok (pheasant), and Ganjeonyueo (pan-fried cow liver fillet) and Saengseonjeonyueo (pan-fried fish fillet) were eaten. Yangjeonyueo, Haejeon, Tigakjeon (pan-fried kelp) and other dishes, known and unknown, were also recorded. Boiled meat slices appeared at high frequency (40 times) in the records; likewise, 22 kinds of rice cake and traditional sweets were frequently served at feasts. Five kinds of non-alcoholic beverages were provided. Seasonal fruits and nuts, such as fresh pear or fresh chestnut, are thought to have been served following the event. In addition, a variety of dishes including salted dry fish, boiled dish, kimchi, fruit preserved in honey, seasoned vegetables, mustard seeds, fish, porridge, fillet, steamed dishes, stir-fried dishes, vegetable wraps, fruit preserved in sugar, and jellied foods were given to guests, and noodles appear 16 times in the records. Courtiers were given Banhap, Tanghap, Myeonhap, wooden bowls, or lunchboxes. The types of food provided at royal events tracked the season. In addition, considering that for feasts food of the royal household was set out for receptions of guests, cooking instructions for the food in the lunchbox-type feasts followed the cooking instructions used in the royal kitchen at the given time. Previous studies on royal cuisine have dealt mostly with the Jineosang presented to the king, but in the Sachanbalgi, the food given by the royal family to its relatives, retainers, and attendants is recorded. The study of this document is important because it extends the knowledge regarding the food of the royal families of the Joseon Dynasty. The analysis of Sachanbalgi and the results of empirical research conducted to reconstruct the precise nature of that food will improve modern knowledge of royal cuisine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.108-122
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• 2023

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), are the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease of tomato and banana, respectively, and cause significant yield losses worldwide. A cost-effective measure, such as biological control agents, was used as an alternative method to control these pathogens. Therefore, in this study, six isolates of the Streptomyces-like colony were isolated from soils and their antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and plant growth-promoting (PGP) activity were assessed. The results showed that these isolates could inhibit the mycelial growth of Fol and Foc. Among them, isolate STRM304 showed the highest percentage of mycelial growth reduction and broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against all tested fungi. In the pot experiment study, the culture filtrate of isolates STRM103 and STRM104 significantly decreased disease severity and symptoms in Fol inoculated plants. Similarly, the culture filtrate of the STRM304 isolate significantly reduced the severity of the disease and symptoms of the disease in Foc inoculated plants. The PGP activity test presents PGP activities, such as indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, starch hydrolysis, lignin hydrolysis, and cellulase activity. Interestingly, the application of the culture filtrate from all isolates increased the percentage of tomato seed germination and stimulated the growth of tomato plants and banana seedlings, increasing the elongation of the shoot and the root and shoot and root weight compared to the control treatment. Therefore, the isolate STRM103 and STRM104, and STRM304 could be used as biocontrol and PGP agents for tomato and banana, respectively, in sustainable agriculture.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.445-452
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• 2024

Through the pandemic, the topography of dining culture is rapidly changing due to the advancement of the food delivery market. Competition in the domestic market is intensifying as Coupang Eats recently surpassed Yogiyo and jumped to second place, and Baedal Minjok(Baemin), the industry's No. 1 company, is also preparing to introduce a subscription system. While the growth of the delivery market is slowing, the use of takeout and pick-up services is increasing due to rising delivery costs and food prices. From Generation Z's perspective, the main factors influencing the active use of app services were identified through prior research as usability and convenience, cost sensitivity, and hedonic motivation. While, they are leading the trend of minimizing spending through 'stepping stone consumption' and delivery pot process instead of choosing a subscription system. Accordingly, we aim to provide customers with a better experience and help strengthen competitiveness by proposing ways to improve and revitalize new delivery apps that reflect the characteristics of Gen.Z. As a result of the expert Delphi survey, we will receive impact evaluation scores in the following order: direct view of accumulated discounts, addition of family benefits, coupon reinforcement, SNS promotion, pick-up walk, in-store promotion, and discount rate display, and review their application to practice. It presents academic and policy implications regarding the food tech market.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application(B$_{0}$; 0.0, B$_1$; 0.2, $B_2$;2.0, $B_3$;6.0, $B_3$;6.0, $B_4$;15.0me B/pot) on the forage performance in the pure and mixed swards of orchardgrass and white clover. This 1st part was concerned with the changes in the growth, flowers and flower buds, and roots/nodules of forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At the $B_3$ and $B_4$ treatments, the B toxicity was more seriously in white clover than in orchardgrass in the first half of cutting orders, and reduced in the latter half. In white clover, it was more worsened in a mixture than in a pure culture. It was somewhat reduced at the best growth stage of each forage. 2. In orchardgrass, the B toxicity($B_3$,$ B_4$) showed the chlorosis on leaf tips, shallow leaf, little tillers, and weak stems. Whereas it showed the chlorosis/necrosis on old leaf edge, little and weak stolons in white clover. 3. Comparing with the B deficiency($B_{0}$ , $B_1$) and toxicity($B_3$, $B_4$), the optimum B application($B_2$) influenced markedly good growth of shoot, root, nodule, and flower (flower number, blooming period, early full flower) in white clover. 4. Comparing with orchardgrass, white clover was greatly influenced by the boron application. However, this responses of white clover to boron were reduced in a grass-clover mixture with additional fertilization. It was recognized that the good forage performance in a grass-clover mixture could be regulated by the adequate applications of boron and additional fertilizers.s.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.437-441
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• 2012

This study was conducted to find out the optimum container for increasing acclimatization rate of in vitro mass propagated plantlets of Ever-bearing strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch.) via bioreactor. Four types of containers were used such as transparent plastic container (TPC), plug tray (PT), I-pot (IP), and black vinyl pot (BVP). Number of date maintaining soil water content above 10% was five days in TPC, three to four days in BVP, two days in PT, and one day in IP. Survival rate of plantlets was 80% in BVP, 70% in TPC, 55% in IP, and 15% in PT. In TPC, growth increment of plantlets was the greatest among all the tested containers and the lowest in IP. Numbers of runner per plant were 3.3 in BVP, 2.9 in TPC, 1.6 in PT, and 1.2 in IP. Total cost was 44,405,300 won/10 a in BVP, resulting in reducing more 6,659,400 won/10 a than IP's (51,064,700 won/10 a). Around 102,718 plants/10 a were produced by using BVP, suggesting that 30,265.1 plants/10 a more could be produced than IP (72,452.9 plants/10 a). Production cost per plant was 432.3 won in BVP, resulting in reducing 272.5 won than IP's (704.8 won). As a result, BVP was appropriate for acclimatization of in vitro plantlets through bioreactor system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to develop a biocontrol system for ginseng root rot caused by Fusarium cf. incarnatum. Methods: In total, 392 bacteria isolated from ginseng roots and various soils were screened for their antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen, and a bacterial isolate (B2-5) was selected as a promising candidate for the biocontrol because of the strong antagonistic activity of the bacterial cell suspension and culture filtrate against pathogen. Results: The bacterial isolate B2-5 displayed an enhanced inhibitory activity against the pathogen mycelial growth with a temperature increase to $25^{\circ}C$, produced no pectinase (related to root rotting) an no critical rot symptoms at low [$10^6$ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL] and high ($10^8CFU/mL$) inoculum concentrations. In pot experiments, pretreatment with the bacterial isolate in the presumed optimal time for disease control reduced disease severity significantly with a higher control efficacy at an inoculum concentration of $10^6CFU/mL$ than at $10^8CFU/mL$. The establishment and colonization ability of the bacterial isolates on the ginseng rhizosphere appeared to be higher when both the bacterial isolate and the pathogen were coinoculated than when the bacterial isolate was inoculated alone, suggesting its target-oriented biocontrol activity against the pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the pathogen hyphae were twisted and shriveled by the bacterial treatment, which may be a symptom of direct damage by antifungal substances. Conclusion: All of these results suggest that the bacterial isolate has good potential as a microbial agent for the biocontrol of the ginseng root rot caused by F. cf. incarnatum.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1995

This experiment was aimed to investigate the growth and yield responses of hydroponically grown cucumber as affected by cultural containers and substrates using perlite and mixtures with perlite. Containers used in this experiment were bed and box made of styrofoam, PE film and Wagner pot and substrates used were perlite, peatmoss, rice hull and carbonized rice hull. The results obtained were as follows : Based on the growth and yield responses determined from the leaf area and total fruit weight, bed and box made of styrofoam was considered the best containers among tested for cucumber hydroponics. Recommendable substrates for hydroponically grown cucumber using perlite were evaluated in the order of perlite, perlite with rice hull and perlite with carbonized rice hull in styrofoam bed and box. Increase in marketable yield and decrease in abnormal fruits was observed in the mixed substrates with rice hull or carbonized rice hull when compared to perlite single media.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.433-449
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• 1992

Three horticultural herbaceous plants and a natural herbaceous plant were tested to determine the growth responses, biomass and uptake of cadmium(cd), lead(pb) by application of cd and pb soil treatment in pot culture. The ecological effects on the growth of the plants were investigated to determine the tolerance for the heavy metal pollutants cd and pb. the marginal concentrain of cd treatment on the growth of the each plant was below the 1, 000 ppm treatment of cd. The marginal concentration of pb treatment was below the 1, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of salvia splendens ker., celosia cristata l. and below the 3, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of portulaca grandiflora hook., sedum saramentosum bunge. the resistance for cd of sedum saramentosum bunge, celosia criastata l., portulaca grandiflora hook. and salvia splendens ker. was in the listed order. The resistence for pb was in order of sedum saramentosum bunge, portulaca grandiflora hook. Salvia splendens ker.and celosia criastata l.stems. The flowering of portulaca grandiflora hook. was sustained in the pb 1, 000ppm treated group only. The higher the concentration of pb in the soil cultivated the plants was, the less the content of leaf chlorophy11 in each plant was. The number of stomata per unit leaf area was the highest in salvia splendens ker. and in order of celosia l., sedum saramentosum bunge., portulaca grandiflora hook., the higher the cd and pb concentration of cd and pb treatment was, the more the concent of cd and pb in the part of each plant increased. the content of cd and pb in the stems of salvia spiendens ker. was the highest in the 1, 000ppm-treated ground and in order of the roots, the leaves and the flowers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of single and co-inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) on early plant growth in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Plant growth promoting Brevibacterium iodinum RS16 and Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 were inoculated on maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) grown in Saemangeum reclaimed soil. Single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased plant height, dry biomass accumulation and macro-nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased plant height in maize by 41.2% at 30 days after sowing (DAS), shoot dry weight and total dry weight compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (N and P) in maize roots was significantly increased with co-inoculation treatment, K and Ca content was significantly increased at B. iodinum RS16 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. Macro-nutrient accumulation (P, K, Ca and Mg) in shoot was higher with M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. In case of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, co-inoculation treatment showed 33.7% increase in plant height compared to non-inoculated treatment at 30 DAS. M. oryzae CBMB20 treatment increased root dry weight and total dry weight, macro-nutrient accumulation in roots and N, Ca and Mg accumulation in shoot compared to non-inoculated treatment. P and K accumulation in shoot was significantly increased at co-inoculation treatment compared to non-inoculated treatment. This pot culture experiment demonstrated that single and co-inoculation of B. iodinum RS16 and M. oryzae CBMB20 increased the early growth and nutrient accumulation of maize and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2005

Penicillium oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa, an efficient phosphate solubilizing fungus, was evaluated for its production of organic acid in vitro and effect of inoculation on the growth promotion of Maize under greenhouse conditions. The fungus solubilized 129.1, 118.8, and 54.1 mg P/1 of tricalcium phosphate [$Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$], aluminum phosphate ($A1PO_{4}$),and ferric phosphate ($FePO_{4}$), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. Malic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid were detected in the flasks supplemented with various phosphate sources [240, 146, 145 mM/1 $A1PO_{4},\;FePO_{4},\;and\;Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$, respectively] together with a large amount of malic acid followed by the other two. The effects of inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa on maize plants were studied under pot culture conditions. P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa was inoculated to maize plants alone or together with inorganic phosphates in the form of fused phosphates (FP) and rock phosphates (RP). Inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa increased the plant growth and N and P accumulation in plants, compared with control plants, and also had positive effects when applied with RP. The results of this study show that the fungus P. oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa could solubilize different insoluble phosphates by producing organic acids, particularly malic acid, and also improved the efficiency of RP applied to maize plants.