• 한국산업안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국안전학회 1998년도 춘계 학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.307-312
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• 1998

In forklift operations, awkward postures due to backward driving may put drivers to the risk of CTD or low back pain. In this research, 6 forklift drivers were surveyed with OWAS for objective posture evaluation and bodymaps for self-report evaluation. The backward driving happened more frequently than forward driving as expected, and, as work hours passed by, the drivers naturally tended to assume the easier work postures in inverse proportion to the frequency of the backward operations. According to the results of OWAS, 60 % of the work postures in the forklift operations belonged to the category II, III, and IV classified serious. Especially, in the backward driving, the postures with the neck twisted over $45^{\circ}$ occupied 82.4 %. In addition, discomfort on the neck, left shoulder, and low back was frequently reported in the self-reports.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.2004-2009
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to define how wrist motion is affected by different postures and supporting devices and to discover functional range of wrist motion for keyboard typing. The range of wrist motion (ROM) needed for fourteen experienced typists to type on a computer keyboard was measured by flexible and biaxial electrogoniometers. The most frequent wrist motion during typing was in extended and ulnarly deviated positions in both wrists. Range of wrist motion was similar in both wrists. The average ROM for keyboard typing with the typists' own posture was about 39 in flexion/extension (FEM) and 29 in radial/ulnar deviation (RUD) in both wrists. The range of wrist motion was significantly reduced to 30 in FEM and 27 in RUD with use of either wrist or forearm supporting devices, which suggests that these devices might help to relieve fatigue, discomfort, or pain during and/or after typing. Results of this study will be of interest to clinicians and helpful to those who are professionally or non-professionally involved in typing.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1514-1526
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to ascertain the major considerations when designing slacks for automobile drivers reflecting the elasticity of the human body posture. The scope of this study aims to find out the causes of discomfort in driving positions based on the results of a questionnaire survey and body measurements fur slacks, as well testing four types of experimental slacks for comfort and fitness when sitting on a driver's seat and in the standing position. Based on the results, a slacks design for drivers with improved comfort and fitness is suggested.

• 산업공학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 1998

A new vehicle design approach coupled with an ergonomic human model was proposed in the study. The seating package layout of a vehicle is very important to the driving comfort, and it has been one of the primary ergonomic research areas since the past 30 years. The diverse and interrelated design factors of seating package layout in the limited workspace make designers often neglect many parameters related with drivers which differ in their anthropometric characteristics. It is due to the lack of the proper tools by which the designer can easily apply several ergonomic design guidelines to the vehicle design. In this study. an iterative package layout procedure was developed, and the effectiveness of an ergonomic human model was examined in this procedure. A discomfort function was developed for the quantitative evaluation of the driving posture. This study clearly demonstrates that the package layout using an ergonomic human model is very helpful to improve the usability and driving comfort of the drivers or passengers.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of the adolescents' school backpack bag and the important criteria when purchasing for developing comfort and functional backpack. The questionnaire was composed and surveyed with 245 middle school students and the data were analyzed through SPSS 13.0. Purchasing criteria were grouped into 5: practical, shop environment, comfort, aesthetic and maintenance. Satisfaction factors were function/comfort, fashion/aesthetic and durability/A.S. 50.2% of students recognized the inappropriate wearing backpack might cause the deformation of body shape. And the wrong habit of wearing bag was found to affect the body posture of students. Main symptoms caused by wearing it for long time are ‘sweating around shoulder and back' and ‘feeling stiff in shoulders and waist'. Needs arise to develop the bag which could prevent them and to educate students how to wear bags. According to the result from MDS of purchasing criteria, one axis is product vs. environment, and other is functional vs. psychological aspects. According to the result from MDS of bag satisfaction, one axis is function/durability vs. fashion/appearance, and other is gestalt quality vs. part quality. They wanted the improvement in the aspects of shape/design, material, maintenance, comfort and usability of the bags. Specially it is required that we research the adolescent customer-oriented way and develop the new materials or shapes pursuing both shoulder comfort and characteristics.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1999

컴퓨터의 도입과 함께 VDT 증후군이라는 새로운 사회문제가 제기되고 있다. 다양한 체격의 사용자가 무리 없는 자세로 VDT작업을 수행하기 위해서는 인간공학적인 설계기준이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 선 연구의 설계지침을 이용하여 설계 권장치수를 먼저 제시하였다. 이에 대찬 타당성 검증을 위해 사용자의 선호치수를 구하였고, 그것과 설계지침에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 그리고 안락감과 신체불편도 평가를 통한 주관적 평가와 근전도(EMG)분석을 통한 객관적 평가를 사용하여 각 설계치수가 인체에 미치는 영향을 비교분석 하였다. 워크스테이션에서 중요한 키보드의 높이는 팔꿈치보다 높이가 낮다면 손과 손목에 영향을 미치고, 높으면 목과 어깨에 피로를 가져다준다. 본 연구 실험결과 한국인을 위한 키보드책상의 권장치수는 고정식일 때 660mm 조절식일 때 540-774mm를 추천한다. 그 외 설계권장치수는 본문에 제시하였으며 이와 같은 인간공학적 권장치수는 결론적으로 사용자의 신체에 맞게끔 조절범위를 제공하므로 설계 분야에 중요한 기초자료가 되리라본다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to weigh the students' backpacks of middle school in daily use and to analyse their physiological responses and subjective senses when carrying backpack in order to promote healthy and comfort school life of girl middle school students. Two female students were subjects who answered the questionnaires on two types of backpack and their metabolism, perspiration and the changes of skin temperature were measured in constant environment chamber, $25{\pm}1$ and $49{\pm}10$% RH. They walked on the treadmill carrying the backpack with the increment of backpack weight, 2 kg, 4 kg to 6 kg. When the backpack increases to 6 kg, the discomfort parameters and responses increases rapidly. Comparing with general type, improved type of backpack showed good results in physiological responses, but not in subjective senses, such as the ease of movement, pain, or total preference, specially in 2 kg and 4 kg. The girl students prefer the general type of backpack which is of fashion and small, when it weighs light such as 2 kg or 4 kg, while they prefer the improved bag which is functional when it is heavy as 6 kg. The longer wearing time of the medium weight, for example, 4 kg without feeling or recognition of any discomfort due to fashion style, might cause the students' posture and health weaker or more vulnerable to the problems.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

This paper suggests a navigation information display system that is based on augmented reality technology. A navigator always has to confirm the information from marine electronic navigation devices and then compare it with the view of targets outside the windows. This "head down" posture causes discomfort and sometimes near accidents such as collisions or missing objects, because he or she cannot keep an eye on the front view of the windows. Augmented reality can display both virtual and real information in a single display. Therefore, we attempted to adapt AR technology to assist navigators. To analyze the outside view of the bridge window, various computer image processing techniques are required because the sea surface has many noises that disturb computer image processing for object detection, such as waves, wakes, light reflection, and so on. In this study, we investigated an analysis module to extract navigational information from images that are captured by a CCTV camera, and we validated our prototype.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.443-454
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• 2014

In this paper, an intuitive emotional expression of the 3D avatar is presented. Using the motion selection control of 3D avatar, an easy-to-use communication which is more intuitive than emoticon is possible. 12 pieces different emotions of avatar are classified as positive emotions such as cheers, impressive, joy, welcoming, fun, pleasure and negative emotions of anger, jealousy, wrath, frustration, sadness, loneliness. The combination of lower body motion is used to represent additional emotions of amusing, joyous, surprise, enthusiasm, glad, excite, sulk, discomfort, irritation, embarrassment, anxiety, sorrow. In order to get the realistic human posture, BVH format of motion capture data are used and the synthesis of BVH file data are implemented by applying the proposed emotional expression rules of the 3D avatar.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1999

국내의 의자 개발은 선진외국의 인체치수 및 설계기준에 의한 디자인으로 인해 많은 사용자가 작업 수행도는 물론, 허리, 목, 어깨 통증에 대한 호소가 늘고 있는 실정이다. 다양한 체격의 사용자가 무리없는 자세로 사무작업을 수행하기 위해선 사무용의자의 각종치수에 대한 인간공학적 설계기준이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 한국인 성인 인체측정자료를 바탕으로 선 연구의 설계지침을 이용하여 설계권장치수를 제시하였다. 이에 대한 타당성 검증을 위해 피실험자들을 측정하여, 선호치수를 구하였고, 그것과 설계지침에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 그리고 일반적으로 많이 사용하는 사무용의자들과 자신의 신체에 맞게 조절가능한 의자를 사용하여, 안락감과 신체불편도를 평가하였으며, 각 설계치수가 인체에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 좌면의 높이가 높으면 허벅지에 영향을 미치고, 등받침대 폭, 높이, 각도는 어깨, 목, 허리에 피로를 가져다준다.본 연구실험결과 한국인을위한 사무용의자의 좌면 높이 권장치수는 고정식일때 425mm, 조절식일때 365-484mm를 추천한다. 그 외 설계권장치수는 논문에 제시하였으며, 이와 같은 인간공학적 설계권장치수는 결론적으로 사용자의 신체에 맞게 조절범위를 제공하므로 설계분야에 중요한 기초자료가 되리라 본다.