• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.40-47
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• 2011

This paper addresses the problem of fault detection and tolerance for asynchronous sequential machines using state feedback control. The considered asynchronous machine is affected by intermittent faults. When intermittent faults occur, the machine undergoes unauthorized state transitions and, for a finite duration, remains at the fault state, not responding to the change of the external input. In this paper, we postulate the scheme of detecting intermittent faults and present the existence condition and design algorithm for a robust state feedback controller that overcomes the adversarial effect of intermittent faults. We also undertake a comparative study between the previous control scheme for transient faults and the present strategy for intermittent faults. The design procedure for the proposed controller is described in a case study.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 1995

Drug delivery by red cells was established to maintain the release of drugs in the blood. The entrapment method by amphotericin B was re-examined and evaluated for obtaining the suitable entrapping conditions without hemolysis. The amphotericin B treatment below $10{\mu}g/ml$ induced the non-hemolysis to entrap daunorubicin into red cells within 10min. Under these conditions intracellular ATP level was decreased as $18\%$. Membrane fluidity and the shape factor of red cells were maintained. To maintain intracellular ATP, ATP and sodium pyruvate were added during the entrapment procedure because hemolysis during the release test would reflect the loss of intracellular ATP that would be postulate the decrease of the viability invivo. Consequently, the addition of ATP in the reaction solution can raise the intracellular level of ATP.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.583-589
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• 2002

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 is a cytoplasmic-transcription factor that is phosphorylated by Janus kinases (Jak) in response to interferon $\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$). The phosphorylated STAT1 translocates to the nucleus, where it turns on specific sets of IFN-$\gamma$-inducible genes, such as the interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1. We show here that gamma irradiation reduces the IFN-$\gamma$ mRNA expression. The inhibition of the STAT1 phosphorylation and the IRF-1 expression by gamma irradiation was also observed. In contrast, the mRNA levels of IL-5 and transcription factor GATA-3 were slightly induced by gamma irradiation when compared to the non-irradiated sample. Furthermore, we detected the inhibition of cell-mediated immunity by gamma irradiation in the allogenic-mixed lymphocytes' reaction (MLR). These results postulate that gamma irradiation induces the polarized-Th2 response and interferes with STAT1 signals, thereby causing the immunosuppression of the Th1 response.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-163
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• 2006

During winter season of 2004 to 2006, a scab disease on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) caused by Cladosporium cucumerinum was observed in Daesan-myon, Changwon-city, Gyeongnam province, Koyea. The disease symptom started with small dark brown speck on the fruits and leaves then the lesions expanded and spreaded irregularly. The aggregated mycelial mass and conidia of the fungus formed sooty scab. The colony of purely isolated fungus grew in greenish black to velvety on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidia were ellipsoidal, fusiform or subspherical, mostly one-celled but occasionally septated and $3{\sim}32{\times}2{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in size. The conidiophores were erected and had long branch, chains pale olivaceous brown in color and $6{\times}280{\mu}m$ in size. Ramoconidia were $10{\sim}34{\times}3{\sim}8{\mu}m$ in size. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium cucumerinum based on the morphological characteristics. The pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed according to Koch's postulate. The optimum temperature of the isolate was about $20^{\circ}C$. This is the first report on scab of balsam pear caused by C. cucumerinum in Korea.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-168
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different meeting modes and task types on the outcomes of group decision making. The hypotheses postulate the potential effects of different meeting modes on appropriation process; different meeting modes on group outcomes; and the appropriation process on group outcomes. A laboratory experiment was conducted. A GSS was developed using Lotus Notes for this experiment. The results provide partial support for the hypotheses derived from the theoretical model. The interaction effects between meeting modes and tasks are not always observed in the analyses. However, groups using a face-to-face meeting mode in negotiation task reach significantly higher levels of perceived outcome quality, of satisfaction with the outcome, and of satisfaction with the process than groups using a dispersed-synchronous meeting mode. It suggests that a face-to-face meeting mode can enhance the effectiveness of groups working on a negotiation task such as stakeholder analysis. Furthermore, the manner in which groups appropriate the technology significantly influence the group performance. The results support the validity and usefulness of the IRT and the AST as a GSS research framework.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.24.1-24.6
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• 2020

Kushta Jast (KJ) is a unique herbo-mineral preparation of the Unani System of Medicine (USM) which is prepared by taklis (calcination) and prescribed by the practitioners of USM for the treatment of various ailments, including the respiratory ailments. It is used as muqawwi (tonic) to boost the immunity (Muqawwi-i-badan), and can increase the phagocyte activity of the immune cells, thereby, promoting the growth and spread of lymphocytes and increasing circulating antibodies to neutralize a harmful pathogen and reduce humma or body fever (Dafi'-i-humma). Incidentally, the principal mineral component of KJ, zinc, has been widely acknowledged for its beneficial influence on the immune function, and decrease the risk of developing serious respiratory illnesses. In this manuscript, we provide a glimpse of the literature on KJ and postulate its potential beneficial effects in respiratory infections, including COVID-19.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.15-23
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• 2020

Purpose: Crowdfunding can be a complementary channel in which start-ups or small companies can obtain financial help and take advantage of exploiting the online potential. To activate crowdfunding, it is necessary to consider a consumer's empathic responses. This article examines the role of empathy in the crowdfunding channel platform. We adopted the identification-commitment model to prove the role of empathy. Research design, data, and methodology: Participants were asked to read the charitable crowdfunding campaign. More than 300 young adults completed an online questionnaire and we analyzed it with structural equation modeling (SEM). To find out the role of empathy, we postulate several models which use empathy variable for different purposes. Results: We conclude that empathy has the role of moderator in the identification-commitment model. This means the high empathic response helped the relationship between identification and commitment. However, low empathic response can negatively influence the process of identification to commitment. Conclusions: This study found that virtual empathy is positively related to crowdfunding participation if we can elevate empathy in the crowdfunding channel platform. The findings also show that we need to consider empathic response when we want to raise funds for specific projects such as protecting the natural environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.173-185
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• 2018

At a turn of the third millennium the world storms and quickly changes. It became difficult to expect what expects us tomorrow. The most important are questions of recovery from the crisis and rescue of mankind from forthcoming global changes: warming of climate, water and food problems, social, economic and political conflicts that are shaking the world and other various cataclysms, accidents, negative processes. It puts before mankind the problem which never solved by our civilization. All this is caused by ignoring of objective economic laws, laws of wildlife and also by violation of cyclic development management's laws. In article the concept of strategy of mankind's survival in XXI and next centuries, the principles of creation of planetary house of universal civilization for post-industrial world based on spirituality scientific and technological revolutions, ecology, space exploration, economy and world safety are considered. Introduction of uniform universal measurement of currency for the whole world in the form of "power" is offered. Important aspect of a research is theoretical postulate on integrated innovative society. The author puts forward a new paradigm of government on a basis of 5 spirals. The basic model of forced development of small and medium business, including 9 projects, is developed.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.529-546
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze and criticize the definition of the similarity concept in mathematical texts by investigating mathematical history. At first, we analyzed the definition of Pythagoras, the definition of Euclid's ${\ll}$Elements${\gg}$, the definition of Clairaut's ${\ll}$Elements of geometry${\gg}$, the postulate of Brkhoff's postulates for plane geometry, the definition of Birkhoff & Beatly의 ${\ll}$Basic Geometry${\gg}$. the definition of SMSG ${\ll}$Geometry${\gg}$. and the definition of the similarity concept in current mathematics texts. Then we criticized the definition of the similarity concept in current mathematics texts based on mathematical history. We critically discussed three issues and gave three suggestions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.5271-5289
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• 2016

On large-scale data analysis platforms deployed on cloud infrastructures over the Internet, the instability of the data transfer time and the dynamics of the processing rate require a more sophisticated data distribution scheme which maximizes parallel efficiency by achieving the balanced load among participated computing elements and by eliminating the idle time of each computing element. In particular, under the constraints that have the real-time and limited data buffer (in-memory storage) are given, it needs more controllable mechanism to prevent both the overflow and the underflow of the finite buffer. In this paper, we propose an auto regulated data provisioning model based on receiver-driven data pull model. On this model, we provide a synchronized data replenishment mechanism that implicitly avoids the data buffer overflow as well as explicitly regulates the data buffer underflow by adequately adjusting the buffer resilience. To estimate the optimal size of buffer resilience, we exploits an adaptive buffer resilience control scheme that minimizes both data buffer space and idle time of the processing elements based on directly measured sample path analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides allowable approximation compared to the numerical results. Also, it is suitably efficient to apply for such a dynamic environment that cannot postulate the stochastic characteristic for the data transfer time, the data processing rate, or even an environment where the fluctuation of the both is presented.