• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the combined effects of gamma linolenic acid and isoflavone supplementation on menopausal symptoms and serum lipids in 73 postmenopausal women. A total subjects were randomly assigned to isoflavone (30 mg) + gamma-linolenic acid (110 mg) group or placebo group. We measured menopausal symptoms by modified Kupperman Index (KI) and oxidized LDL, lipid peroxides, blood components and anthropometric parameters before and after the 12 week intervention period. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, supplement group and placebo group showed a significant reduction of modified kupperman index (p < 0.001). Isoflavone (30 mg) + gamma-linolenic acid (110 mg) supplement group showed a significant reduction of oxidized LDL cholesterol concentration (p = 0.006) whereas placebo group did not show significant change. Isoflavone and gamma-linolenic acid consumption did not significantly affect plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, apo A1, B and blood components. The result of present study demonstrated the supplementation of 30 mg isoflavone and 110 mg gamma-linolenic acid per day for 12 weeks may protect LDL cholesterol from oxidative stress.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify menopausal symptoms and quality of life (QOL) according to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in rural menopausal women. Methods: Menopausal symptoms and QOL were measured by questionnaires. A total of 50 participants in HRT group had received hormone replacement therapy for 12 weeks and another 50 who had not received hormone therapy were assigned to non-HRT group. Results: Vasomotor symptom score of non-HRT group was significantly higher than that of HRT group (p=.013). There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in all menopausal symptoms except for vasomotor symptom. There were no significant differences between two groups in the total scores and sub-scores of QOL. Total scores and sub-scores of QOL were very low in both group. Menopausal symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with QOL. Conclusion: These results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between HRT group and non-HRT group in menopausal symptoms except for vasomotor symptom and QOL. Menopausal symptoms were moderate and QOL was very low in menopausal women. It is necessary to develop nursing interventions to improve menopausal symptoms and QOL in menopausal women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.213-228
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• 2007

Purpose: This master‘s thesis to evaluate the grade of life after medication a Dangguijakyak-san(pasabu) and Gyejibongnyeong-hwan(cheongwal) with in postmenopausal women get lowering quality of life caused by vasomotor symptoms with hot flush. Methods: A subject who signing on the clinical trial written consent by self-will is registered this clinical trial after decided suitable by selection and exception standard, after take a medical experiment and checkup according to clinical trial plan. Registered subject should valuated by settled schedule after take the testing medicine 1,2 during thirty-day. In this period, a subject allocated at relatively better suited experimental group by oriental doctor after consideration of general efficacy and nature of a medicine at second visiting. Results: The result of comparison in the remedial value with sixteen patients who ended the experiment is like next list. 1. There's no regarded difference of comparison in general conditions between two patient groups. 2. There's no regarded difference during observation period before take medicine. 3. By period of measurement, there's something regarded differences most of patients of two parts after taking medicine. 4. There's no regarded difference at alteration phase of each standard according to kind of medicine. 5. There's no abnormal views reflected at allergy, Laboratory and Physical Examination during experiment. Conclusion: This experiment evidence a Dangguijakyak-san and Gyejibongnyeong-hwan can help for improvement generally life quality of postmenopausal women and certify safety of herbs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.193-206
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• 2008

Purpose: In spite of many arguments on the result of WHI (Women's Health Initiative) study, no one can deny the necessity for researches on the alternative treatment to HRT (hormone replacement therapy). In this study, the author wanted to investigate the method of precedent acupuncture RCTs (randomized controlled trials) to make out the appropriate acupuncture study design on postmenopausal and perimenopausal hot flashes in Korea. Methods: Precedent studies were investigated using Pubmed search and key-words "acupuncture and hot flash", "acupuncture and menopause", "acupuncture and vasomotor", limited to RCT, from 2000 to 2008 April. Results: As a result. 10 studies were searched. In the hereafter studies, multi-center clinical trials which consist of population group of postmenopausal and perimenopausal women that would be pre-stratified and more than 50 patients per treatment arm seem adequate. Sham control study can make out the proper consequence because many people are get used to acupuncture in Korea. Flexible choice of acupoints addressed an individual's symptoms using standardized algorithm is recommended. Treatment consist of 4 weeks' observation, 11 acupuncture sessions during 7 weeks, follow-up of 3 months or more after treatment and hot flash score as a primary outcome measure seem appropriate. After all, higher level of description according to global standard must be obtained in the study report and publishing. Conclusion: The researchers should develope the methodology of acupuncture clinical trial on the postmenopausal and perimenopausal hot flashes.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2020

Objectives: The study evaluated middle-aged women using the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form (CSEI-s) followed by a correlation analysis with Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Methods: In this study, the medical records of 47 women who visited W University Oriental Medicine Hospital and completed the CSEI-s and MRS were evaluated. A total of 47 women were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science, IBM, United States of America, Version 23.0). Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation analysis were conducted. Results: 1. Approximately one-third of all subjects were more than cautious expressing joy and fright. 2. According to their educational status, high-school graduates thought they were superior to those with a bachelor's degree or above. 3. Anger was expressed with caution in the group with severe menopausal symptoms. 4. Anger, thought, depression, sorrow, fear, and fright showed a positive correlation with MRS scores. 5. Among premenopausal and postmenopausal women, fright was associated with menopausal symptoms and response by the autonomous nervous system. Conclusions: The results suggest that CSEI-s can be used to measure the psychological symptoms of middle-aged women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.219-235
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• 2006

Purpose : To investigate the medical information related to HRT online and the medical treatment of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in the Dept. of Ob&Gy Korean Medicine Hospital, after the discontinuance of the WHI trial in U.S, July 2002. Methods : With the key-words "HRT", "Hormone Replacement therapy", "호르몬 대체요법(HRT)", 갱년기 증후군(perimenopausal syndrome)", “폐경기후증후군(postmenopausal syndrome)", I searched for the information from July 2002 to 2005 on DAUM, the representative portal site in Korea, and I've got a grasp of the tendency of the informational propagation on HRT. Moreover, I investigated chief complaints and tendency of give up HRT of the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women(aged between 47 and 60) who visited Dept. of Ob&Gy Korean Medicine Hospital for 2 years and 6 months since July 2002. Results : 1) Searching for the news on DAUM, I found; 2 articles on the methods of HRT: 4 on the positive effects of HRT: 4 on the general items including the positive effects of HRT: 19 on the side effects of HRT: 1 on the insignificant effect of HRT :4 on the apprehensions about HRT: 3 on the strengthening of the criteria on medical fees review: 3 on the discontinuance of HRT: 8 on the alternative materials and medicines to HRT: 4 on the guidance for the phyto-estrogen. 2) I analyzed chief complaints of 120 women. The majority of chief complaints were vasomotor symptoms like hot flush and sweating. There were only 4 patients who wanted to give up HRT. Conclusion : The side effects of HRT were objectively dealt with online but there was not enough effective and continuous guidance. In the case that a woman not on HRT wishes to overcome perimenopausal period through KM therapy, this information may have affected her decision. However, not many women who were already on HRT terminated the therapy for fear of side effects and switched to KM therapy. Promotion of KM therapy in improving health during perimenopausal and postmenopausal period is desperately needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2013

The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of ginseng as a treatment option for managing menopause symptoms. We searched the literature using ll databases from their inception to 26 September 2012 and included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that compared any type of ginseng to a placebo controls in postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using a Cochrane risk of bias tool. Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Most RCTs had high risk of bias. One RCT showed that Korean red ginseng (KRG) significantly improved sexual arousal and global health compared with placebo. Another RCT reported the superiority of KRG over placebo for treating menopause symptoms on Kupperman's index and menopausal rating score. The third RCT failed to show a significant effect of KRG on hot flash frequency compared to placebo. The fourth RCT found beneficial effects of ginseng compared to placebo on depression and well-being. In conclusion, the evidence on ginseng as an effective treatment for managing menopause symptoms is limited. Most of the RCTs are burdened with a high risk of bias. Thus firm conclusions cannot be drawn. Rigorous studies seem warranted.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.215-230
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate the clinical use of the menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire(MENQOL) for scoring menopausal symptoms by comparison with the conventional Kupperman's index. Methods : A population sample of 66 women was randomly selected from the female patients(aged 45-55) who had visited two oriental medical clinic in Seoul or Woo-Shin-Hwang oriental hospital from 1st April to 15th May in 2006. They completed both the MENQOL and the Kupperman's index and were asked a few additional questions. Results : 1. A degree of the Climacteric symptoms were not significantly related to either an education level or an income level. 2. A comparison of the MENQOL with the Kupperman's index produced a high positive correlation. 3. 41 of subjects (62.1%) answered that the MENQOL was more efficient for explaining their symptoms than the Kupperman's index. 49 (74.2%) of subject thought that both questionnaires are equally not difficult to fill out and 44(66.7%) of subject found no difficult questions to answer in any of questionnaires. Conclusion : The MENQOL is a valuable modern tool for the assessment of climacteric symptoms in place of the Kupperman's index. The MENQOL was excellent in applicability. The MENQOL could serve as an adequate diagnostic instrument for climacteric symptoms.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2004

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3091-3096
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• 2015

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. This malignancy is recognized to be estrogen-dependent and due to this feature, hormone replacement therapy is regarded as potentially dangerous in breast cancer survivors who seek relief of their menopausal symptoms. Whereas hot flashes are detected in nearly half of postmenopausal women with a relatively high frequency and severity, botanic sources of estrogens have been proposed as an alternative treatment. Nevertheless, estrogenic properties of these compounds suggest possibility of stimulating cancer recurrence or worsening prognosis in survivors. As well, effects in improving vasomotor climacteric changes is controversial. Many studies have considered the subject, some focusing on efficacy of phytoestrogens for control of menopausal symptoms, and others discussing effects of these compounds on breast cancer outcome in terms of survival or recurrence. The present article is a concise review of the effects of consumption of phytoestrogens on menopausal symptoms, namely hot flashes, and breast cancer recurrence and mortality in survivors of the disease. Overall, the major part of the current existing literature is in favor of positive effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer prognosis, but the efficacy on menopausal symptoms is probably minimal at the best.