• 영미문화
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.49-72
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• 2010

As the first of Philip Roth's recent series of novels that delve into American Cold War history deeply entwined with the post-war Jewish American experience, American Pastoral traces the tragic fall of a third-generation Jewish American named Seymour "Swede" Levov, whose dream of complete assimilation to the post-ethnic American paradise is irrecoverably disrupted when his young daughter blows up the local post office to protest against the Vietnam War. This essay proposes to examine Swede Levov's interrupted pursuit of the American dream by locating it within specific Cold War contexts and national imaginaries propagated particularly during the years from John F. Kennedy to Lyndon B. Johnson. In so doing, I will argue that Roth presents a paradoxical vision of Jewish American identity that could be acquired by performing perpetual self-effacement and submergence into the non-place of anonymity and doubleness, a mythic location of the post-ethnic Cold War American family. Levov's life becomes true part of the mythic narrative of American history when he realizes that his life, just like the nation's history, is a series of temporalities radically discontinued without any manageable detour ot divine bypass to cross over. Rather than indicating Roth's retraction from the postmodern understanding of subjectivity, the novel's historical realism, I will argue, serves to illuminate the postmodern conditions of American Cold War history and ethnic identity.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2002

Fashion has been affected by the change of periodic conditions. A good example is found in the relationship between fashion and periodic conditions before and after World War I in the U.S. During the pre-wartime, the artificial silhouette achieved through using devices like the corset was popular and then women's dresses were very decorative and gorgeous using a wide variety of details. S-curved silhouettes and Paul Poiret's style will be reviewed as distinctive shapes of pre-war fashion in the beginning of the 20th Century. Through the war, women's rights improved enormously, the use of the automobile increased tremendously, and various kind of sports, the movie industry and ready-to-wear market developed very much. Women's clothes also changed to be much more practical and functional in post-war fashion. It seems that fashion is affected by the change of periodic conditions.

• Strategy21
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• 통권36호
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• pp.5-32
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• 2015

Geopolitics or Political Geography is an essential academic field that should be studied carefully for a more comprehensive analysis of international security relations. However, because of its tarnished image as an ideology that supported the NAZI German expansion and aggression, geopolitics has not been regarded as a pure academic field and was rejected and expelled from the academic communities starting from the Cold War years in 1945. During the Cold War, ideology, rather than geography, was considered more important in conducting and analyzing international relations. However, after the end of the Cold War and with the beginning of a new era in which territorial and religious confrontations are taking place among nations - including sub national tribal political organizations such as the Al Quaeda and other terrorist organizations - geopolitical analysis again is in vogue among the scholars and analysts on international security affairs. Most of the conflicts in international relations that is occurring now in the post-Cold War years can be explained more effectively with geopolitical concepts. The post - Cold War international relations among East Asian countries are especially better explained with geopolitical concepts. Unlike Europe, where peaceful development took place after the Cold War, China, Japan, Korea, the United States, Taiwan and Vietnam are feeling more insecure in the post-Cold War years. Most of the East Asian nations' economies have burgeoned during the Cold War years under the protection of the international security structure provided by the two superpowers. However, after the Cold War years, the international security structure has not been stable in East Asia and thus most of the East Asian nations began to build up stronger military forces of their own. Because most of the East Asian nations' national security and economy depend on the oceans, these nations desire to obtain more powerful navies and try to occupy islands, islets, or even rocks that may seem like a strategic asset for their economy and security. In this regard, the western Pacific Ocean is becoming a place of confrontation among the East Asian nations. As Robert Kaplan, an eminent international analyst, mentioned, East Asia is a Seascape while Europe is a Landscape. The possibility of international conflict on the waters of East Asia is higher than in any other period in East Asia's international history.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.451-459
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• 2023

이 글의 목적은 새로운 전쟁의 영역으로 떠오르고 있는 인지전(Cognitive Warfare)에서 제기될 수 있는 윤리적 문제를 평가하는 데 있어 정의전쟁론(Just War Theory)의 한계를 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 우리는 인지전이 등장하게 되는 배경을 설명하고 인지전에 대한 개념적 분석을 통해 인지전의 특성을 도출하여 인지전이 전통적 전쟁과 어떠한 차이점이 있는지를 제시할 것이다. 이후 논의를 전환하여 전쟁에 관한 포괄적 윤리적 문제를 평가하는 이론으로서 정의전쟁론의 배경과 주요 논의 영역을 살펴볼 것이다. 이어서 우리는 이이론을 구성하는 3가지 영역인 전쟁 자체의 도덕(jus ad bellum), 전쟁 수행의 도덕(jus in bello), 전쟁 후의 도덕(jus post bellum)에서 제시하는 윤리적 판단 기준을 구체화하고 각 영역에서 제시되는 기준을 인지전의 양상에 적용할 것이다. 마지막으로 우리는 각 영역별로 인지전에서 윤리적 판단의 적절성을 평가하고 정의전쟁론의 윤리적 판단 기준이 적용될 수 없는 영역을 제시함으로써 인지전에 적용할 수 있는 새로운 윤리적 평가 기준의 필요성을 제기할 것이다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.269-291
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• 2014

이 연구 목적은 객관적 자료들에 대한 분석을 통해, 탈냉전 후 무력갈등의 추세와 특징에 대해 검토하는 것이다. 국제적으로 가장 신뢰성과 객관성을 지닌 것으로 평가받고 있는 웁살라대학의 웁살라갈등자료 프로그램(UCDP)의 자료들을 근거로 진행했다. UCDP의 '무력갈등' 개념은 적어도 한 당사자가 국가의 정부인 양 당사자 간에 정부나 영토를 둘러싸고 경쟁하는 비양립성을 지니며, 당사자들의 무력사용에 의한 전투관련 사망자수가 단일 년도 안에 최소 25명 이상인 갈등을 의미한다. 양극체제의 붕괴와 냉전체제의 해체는 국제사회의 무력갈등에도 구조적 개념적으로 큰 변화의 계기가 되었다. 무력갈등의 추세 분석은 무력갈등의 강도, 형태 그리고 대륙별로 지역 차원에서 분류했다. 탈냉전 시기 무력갈등은 냉전 시기와는 다른 특징들을 보여주고 있다. 첫째, 무력갈등의 형태면에서, 국가 간 갈등이 줄어든 반면 국내갈등이 증가했다. 둘째, 강대국들 간에 상호 무력갈등을 자제하면서 이해관계가 걸린 특정지역에 대해서는 해당 강대국의 기득권을 서로 용인하고 있다. 셋째, 무력갈등의 종결 방식이 무력을 통한 승리 보다는 평화적 해결이 강조되고 있다. 넷째, 국경을 경계로 한 갈등을 넘어서 여러 국가에 걸쳐 일어나거나 인접국가로 확산 가능성이 커지고 있다. 다섯째, 갈등 해결과정에서 UN의 역할이 켜졌다.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2018

It is needless to say that America's indiscriminate artillery and chemical attacks have worsened the conditions of Vietnam's tropical rain forests, causing war-torn combat troops and civilians to suffer more from the participation and aftermath of the Vietnam war. Around two decades after the Vietnam War, American and Vietnamese writers dealing with the destruction of the human and nature of the Vietnam War and the following traumatic experience commonly report the horrors of inhumane warfare, but some differences among them appear in the reception of the ecocide consciousness. For American writers who had been involuntarily involved or who had stayed in the back area as interpreters and counter-intelligence force, the Vietnam War was often a kind of exotic "addicted adventure" which their American hometown could not provide. But apart from overcoming postwar post-traumatic stress by writing of healing which was shared with American war writers, Vietnamese writers have been able to overcome the scars of war as the communal memorial, which Jonathan Shay emphasized as the necessary comforting ritual by community members showing the sign of honor and care. On the other hand, American war writers were on the side of "separate peace," as Jeong stressed, and the Vietnam War to them was more racist like the case of "body count." Nevertheless, it is fortunate that the hideous experience of war could turn them all into the creativity pool, just as the 5,000 square mile of bomb creators have been used as the postwar fish ponds.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.477-485
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• 2018

본 연구는 참전 국가유공자들을 대상으로 외상 후 스트레스가 불안에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 변수 간의 관계에서 자아탄력성의 조절효과를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 자료 수집을 위해 2017년 8월부터 2017년 10월까지 참전 국가유공자 200명의 일반적 특성을 비롯한 외상 후 스트레스, 불안, 자아탄력성을 조사하여 SPSS 24.0 Statistics Program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 외상 후 스트레스는 불안(r=.426, p<.001)과 정적 상관관계, 자아탄력성(r=-.297, p<.001)과는 부적 상관관계를 보였으며, 불안은 자아탄력성(r=-.656, p<.001)과 부적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자아탄력성은 외상 후 스트레스와 불안과의 관계에서 조절효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다(F=45.796, p<.001). 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 참전 국가유공자들의 외상 후 스트레스 관리를 위한 국가적인 대책마련과 대상자 특성을 고려한 교육 및 관리 프로그램 개발 및 운영이 요구된다.

• 한국사이버테러정보전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국사이버테러정보전학회 2004년도 제1회 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.219-225
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• 2004

미국이 대 이라크전 연장선에서 북한 핵문제를 봄에 따라, 한반도의 긴장은 날로 증가하고 있으나, 국내 여건의 변화에 따른 국방 가용재원의 감소, 대규모 야외군사훈련을 수행하기 위한 공간확보의 어려움 및 안전과 환경문제 등으로 인해 한국군의 야외훈련 여건은 날로 열악해져 가고있는 실정이다. 이에 따라, 야외훈련의 대체방안으로서 보다 경제적이고 과학적인 워게임 모델에 의한 CPX(Command Post Exercise: 지휘소연습) 즉, 워게임 연습이 최적의 대안으로 주목받고 있으며, 이를 통한 단독, 합동 및 연합연습이 수행되고 있다. 그러나, 현 워게임 연습체계는 정보보호라는 관점에서 볼 때 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 국방전용망의 경우 그 구성이 인터넷과의 단절을 전제로 네트워크 레벨에서의 암호화만을 통해 데이터를 보호하고 있는 실정이고, 워게임 연습체계 내에서의 공격이나 신뢰하고 있는 네트워크를 통한 공격에 대해선 무방비 상태에 놓여져 있으며, 시스템 레벨에서의 보안 또한 부실한 실정에 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 워게임 연습체계의 효율적이며 안전한 정보보호 방안 제시를 위해 네트워크 레벨에서의 정보보호 체계 및 시스템 관점에 초점을 두고 연구가 수행되었으며, 결론적으로 현 워게임 연습체계에서의 최적의 정보보호 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1998

This stud tires to present a general picture about Alessandro Mendini's unique idea of redesign. One of Italian post-war redical architect and designer mendini gives us a special opportunity to appreciate the social cultural and political context where the post-war Italian design lies. Also known as "banal design" Mendin's design revolutionized the way in which we practice utilize and think about design itself. It is my opinion that the idea of his redesign can be best understood when we consider the social contest of Italian design. Unlike that of other European countries post-war Italian design gave special emphasis on how design can or should be more than a simple activity of making aesthetic or industrial products. In terms of these possibilities Mendini was never optimistic : today we are completely controlled by dehumanized mass production and it is impossible for design to take a special role for a social change Then Mendini's pessimism is bound up with the spirit of this age widely known as postmodernism. Even though Mendini himself never characterized his design as postmodern it is not difficult to identify various postmodern elements in his idea and practice of redesign. Thus in the final section of this study I shall investigate the postmodern elements in this design and furthermore such an idea as what makes Mendini postmodern.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.277-296
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• 2023

The South Korean ethnic diaspora US lobby shows efficacy as an interest group in generating influence in American foreign and domestic public policy making. The persuasive portrayal of South Korea as a critical Cold War US ally reinforced US amenability to pro-South Korea lobbying. Also, the South Korean US diaspora is a comparatively recent immigrant group, thus its lingering resistance to assimilation facilitates its political mobilization to lobby the US government. One source of this influence includes the foundational legacy of proselytizing Western and particularly American religious social movement representatives in Korean religiosity and society. US protestant Christianity acquired a strong public association with emerging Korean nationalism in response to Japanese imperialism and occupation. Hostility towards Japanese colonialism followed by the threat from Soviet-sponsored, North Korean Communism meant Christianity did not readily become a cultural symbol of excessive external, US interference in South Korean society by South Korean public opinion. The post-Cold War shift in US foreign policy towards targeting so-called rogue state vestiges of the Cold War including North Korea enhanced further South Korea's influence in Washington. Due to essential differences in the perceived historical role of American influence, extrapolation of the South Korean development model is problematic. US hegemony in South Korea indicates that perceived alliance with national self-determination constitutes the core of soft power appeal. Civilizational appeal per se in the form of religious beliefs are not critically significant in promoting American polity influence in target polities in South Korea or, comparatively, in the Middle East. The United States is a perceived opponent of pan-Arab nationalism which has trended towards populist Islamic religious symbolism with the failure of secular nationalism. The pronounced component of evangelical Christianity in American core community nationalism which the Trump campaign exploited is a reflection of this orientation in the US.