• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This paper evaluates, using LS/DYNA-3D software, the vehicle impact performance of flexible barriers made of steel W-Beam supported by four different types of post configurations. These types include circular post, H-shape post, C-shape post, and square post. METHODS : The post-soil interaction has been investigated according to different impact angles. For this purpose, energy absorption, maximum displacements of post and rail, and occupant risk index of THIV have been compared each other. The three dimensional soil material model, instead of the conventional spring model based on Winkler and p-y curve, has been used to increase the correctness of computational model. RESULTS : It is noted the crash energy absorption has been increased with respect to the increase of impact angle. CONCLUSIONS : In particular, a post with open section(H-shape, C-shape) shows the greater crash energy absorption capability as compared with a post with closed section under the same level of impact conditions.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This paper presents a finite element model to accurately represent the soil-post interaction of single guardrail posts in sloping ground. In this study, the maximum lateral resistance of a guardrail post has been investigated under static and dynamic loadings, with respect given to several parameters including post shape, embedment depth, ground inclination, and embedment location of the steel post. METHODS : Because current analytical methods applied to horizontal ground, including Winkler's elastic spring model and the p-y curve method, cannot be directly applied to sloping ground, it is necessary to seek an alternative 3-D finite element model. For this purpose, a 3D FHWA soil model for road-base soils, as constructed using LS-DYNA, has been adopted to estimate the dynamic behavior of single guardrail posts using the pendulum drop test. RESULTS : For a laterally loaded guardrail post near slopes under static and dynamic loadings, the maximum lateral resistance of a guardrail post has been found to be reduced by approximately 12% and 13% relative to the static analysis and pendulum testing, respectively, due to the effects of ground inclination. CONCLUSIONS : It is expected that the proposed soil material model can be applied to guardrail systems installed near slopes.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.187-206
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• 2011

Accurate estimations of pre-failure deformations and post-failure responses of geostructures require that the simulation tool possesses at least three main ingredients: 1) a constitutive model that is able to describe the macroscopic stress-strain-strength behavior of soils subjected to complex stress/strain paths over a wide range of confining pressures and densities, 2) an embedded length scale that accounts for the intricate physical phenomena that occur at the grain size scale in the soil, and 3) a computational platform that allows the analysis to be carried out beyond the development of an initially "contained" failure zone in the soil. In this paper, a two-scale micropolar plasticity model will be used to incorporate all these ingredients. The model is implemented in a finite element platform that is based on the mechanics of micropolar continua. Appropriate finite elements are developed to couple displacement, micro-rotations, and pore-water pressure in form of $u_n-{\phi}_m$ and $u_n-p_m-{\phi}_m$ (n > m) elements for analysis of dry and saturated soils. Performance of the model is assessed in a biaxial compression test on a slightly heterogeneous specimen of sand. The role of micropolar component of the model on capturing the post-failure response of the soil is demonstrated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.627-634
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• 2018

Soil stabilization is an essential engineering process to enhance the geotechnical properties of soils that are not suitable for construction purposes. This study focuses on using coconut coir, a natural fibre to enhance the soil properties. Lime, an activator is added to the reinforced soil to augment its shear strength and durability. An experimental investigation was conducted to demonstrate the effect of coconut coir fibers and lime on the consistency limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, stress-strain behaviour, subgrade strength and durability of the treated soil. The results of the study illustrate that lime stabilization and coir reinforcement improves the unconfined compressive strength, post peak failure strength, controls crack propagation and boosts the tensile strength of the soil. Coir reinforcement provides addition contact surface, improving the soil-fibre interaction and increasing the interlocking between fibre and soil and thereby improve strength. Optimum performance of soil is observed at 1.25% coir fibre inclusion. Coir being a natural product is prone to degradation and to increase the durability of the coir reinforced soil, lime is used. Lime stabilization favourably amends the geotechnical properties of the coir fibre reinforced soil.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2018

This study aims to present accurate soil modeling and validation of a single roadside guardrail post as well as a single concrete pile installed near cut slopes or compacted sloping embankment. The conventional Winkler's elastic spring model and p-y curve approach for horizontal ground cannot directly be applied to sloping ground where ultimate soil resistance is significantly dependent on ground inclination. In this study, both grid-based 3-D FE model and particle-based SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) model available in LS-DYNA have been adopted to predict the static behavior of a laterally loaded guardrail post. The SPH model has potential to eliminate any artificial soil stiffness due to the deterioration of the node-connected Lagrangian soil mesh. For this purpose, this study comprises two parts. Firstly, only 3-D FE modeling has been tested to show the numerical validity for a single concrete pile in sloping ground using Mohr-Coulomb material. However, this material option cannot be implemented for SPH elements. Nevertheless, Mohr-Coulomb model has been used since this material model requires six input soil data that can be obtained from the comparative papers in literatures. Secondly, this work is extended to compute the lateral resistance of a guardrail post located near the slope using the hybrid approach that combines Lagrange FE elements and SPH elements by the suitable node-merging option provided by LS-DYNA. For this analysis, the FHWA soil material developed for application to road-base soils has been used and also allows the application of SPH element.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1997년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 1997
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• pp.265-272
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• 1997

This paper presents the result of an international cooperative research on the post-correlation analysis of forced vibration tests and the prediction of earthquake responses of a large-scale seismic test structure. Through the post-correlation analysis, the properties of the soil layers are revised so that the best correlation in the responses may be obtained compared with the measured force vibration test data. Utilizing the revised soil properties as the initial linear values, the seismic responses are predicted for an earthquake using the equivalent linearlization technique based on the specified strain dependent characteristics of the shear moduli and damping ratios. It has been found that the predicted responses by the equivalent nonlinear procedure are in excellent agreement with the observed responses, which those using the initial properties are fairly off from the measured results.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 국제공동연구원 대형지진시험구조물의 강세진동시험결과 대한 상관해석와 지진응답해석에 관해 연구하였다. 지반-구조물 상호작용을 위해서 구조물과 근영지반은 유한요소로 모형화하고 원역지반은 무한요소로 모형화하는 직적법을 사용하였으며, 지진응답은 부분구조법에 근거한 파 입력기법을 사용하여 해석하였다. 시험후 상관해석을 통해 각 지반영역의 물성이 강제진동 시험에서 계측된 구조물 응답과 일치하도록 보정하였다. 보정된 지반물성을 초기 선형값으로 사용하고 등가선형화기법을 적용하여 지진에 관한 구조물의 응답을 예측하였다. 지반의 비선형거동을 고려하여 얻어진 구조물 응답은 계측된 결과와 매우 잘 일치한 반면, 초기 선형물성치를 사용한 응답결과는 상당한 차이를 보이고 있어서, 지반 비선형 거동의 영향이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1988

흙과 보강재 사이의 거동을 측정하는 수단으로서 hollow cylinder type의 샘플 내에 보강재를 인장방향으로 삽입하여 주위압력을 일정하게 유지한 가운데 축력(軸力)을 감소시키는 소위 삼축인장시험을 실시하였다. 인장특성(引張特性)(extensibility)이 상이(相異)한 3종류의 보강재를 사용한 결과 파괴변형율(failure strain), 최대강도후의 응력강소(loss of post-peak strength), 변형모양(deformation mode) 등이 보강재에 따라 각각 독특하였고, 파괴의 양상은 breakage 또는 pull-out 이 발생하였으며, 보강재단(補强材端)의 고정여부에 따라 보강효과가 영향을 받음이 확인되었다. 따라서 보강토해석 및 설계시 흙 및 보강재 자체의 강도(强度)와 더불어 보강재의 인장특성(引張特性)과 경계조건(境界條件)이 매우 중요한 고려요소임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.233-245
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• 2009

연성방호책 지주(post)의 설계 지반물성치를 파악하고 이를 이용한 해석방법을 수립하기 위한 방법으로서 공내재하시험(PMT)의 사용가능성을 검토하였다. 공내재하시험 결과를 이용하여 지주의 휨모멘트 및 하중-변위관계를 예측할 수 있는 해석방법의 수립가능성을 검토하였다. 모형지반과 모형지주를 이용한 정재하시험을 실시하여 하중-변위의 발생패턴과 크기를 분석하였으며 이를 공내재하시험 해석방법으로부터 구한 결과값과 비교하여 공내재하시험 해석방법의 타당성을 검토하였다. 또한 모형차(bogie)를 이용하여 모형 지주에 대한 충격시험을 실시하여 지주주변지반의 파괴형태를 파악하였으며 측정된 최대감가속도로부터 정적지지력 대비 동적지지력의 발생크기를 분석하였다. 이와 같은 시험 및 해석결과로부터 공내재하시험이 방호책 지주와 도로지반 사이의 역학적 상호연관성을 분석하기 위한 합리적인 시험방법이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2016

In meeting the technical needs for deepwater conditions and overcoming the shortfalls of single-layer pipes for deepwater applications, pipe-in-pipe (PIP) systems have been developed. While, for PIP pipelines directly laid on the seabed or with partial embedment, one of the primary service risks is lateral buckling. The critical axial force is a key factor governing the global lateral buckling response that has been paid much more attention. It is influenced by global imperfections, submerged weight, stiffness, pipe-soil interaction characteristics, et al. In this study, Finite Element Models for imperfect PIP systems are established on the basis of 3D beam element and tube-to-tube element in Abaqus. A parameter study was conducted to investigate the effects of these parameters on the critical axial force and post-buckling forms. These parameters include structural parameters such as imperfections, clearance, and bulkhead spacing, pipe/soil interaction parameter, for instance, axial and lateral friction properties between pipeline and seabed, and load parameter submerged weight. Python as a programming language is been used to realize parametric modeling in Abaqus. Some conclusions are obtained which can provide a guide for the design of PIP pipelines.