• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

Frank O. Gehry is known to be an architect whose work ranges over different realms, especially between fine arts and architecture. He himself mentioned about this interdisciplinary aspect of his own work: he was inspired by, worked together with, and sometimes directly influenced by contemporary artists. Among the artists, the most influential ones are the sculptors, especially Richard Serra of Post-Minimalism and Claes Oldenburg of Pop Art. Based on this historically known fact, although very brief, this study explores how the features of Post-Minimal sculpture were transferred into Gerhy's architecture, and how Gehry has developed them into his own language. In Post-Minimal sculpture, the main concept 'Anti-Form' was realized by emphasis on materiality, process and intuitiveness of work of in. Those features appeared vividly in Gehry's works especially in his second stage of his life, but seemed to have disappeared in the third stage. However, in the fourth stage, Gehry went beyond the influence of Post-Minimalism, and he created very unique formal language dialectically formed between Post-Minimal sculptural language and his architectural language.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1971

In an attempt to further clarify the effect of X·irradiation on the activity of surfactant in rabbits, X-ray in dose of 900r was irradiated to the lung tissues of rabbits in vitro. Tension-area diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically by a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system designed in this department. The surface tension of the lung extract was measured at 1,3,5,24 and 48 hours post-irradiation, and the results were compared with the non·irradiated normal group. The result$ thus obtained are summarized as follows: I The maximal surface tension, minimal surface tension, width of the tension·area diagram at the surface area of 40% in the lung extract and stability index of the normal rabbit long extract were 40.73 dynes/cm, 8.96 dynes/cm, 20.71 dynes/cm and 1.28, respectively. II. When 900r of X-ray was irradiated to the lung in vitro, 1) The maximal and minimal surface tensions did not differ noticeably from the normal at 1,3, and 5 post-irradiation hours, but the minimal surface tension increased significantly at 24 and 48 hours Post-irradiation. 2) The width of the tension area at the surface area of 40% showed a tendency of decrease throughout the experiment. 3) The stability index showed no significant change at 1,3 and 5 post-irradiation hours,but at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation a significant decrease was observed comparing with the control. III. Activity of surfactant was significantly depressed by X·irradiation in vitro especially at 24 and 48 hours post-irradiation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.167-182
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to observe the meaning of Minimalism and the characteristics in modem fashion design. The Minimalism appeared in 1960's has affect on fashion design which are simple miniskirt or Courrage look of those days. It leads a fashion system to the simple style goes with the life style of modem persons although the characteristics are somewhat different the styles in 1960's with those of 1990's. Minimal style is not just simple style but abbriviate expression constrained at the minimum. The styles appeared to be an undecorated simple line which are a sleeveless onepiece, a simple suit with no pocket and no collar and narrow shoulder. Colors are monochrome coordination and pursue a simplicity which is monotone variation. Patterns also appeared to be a geometric or abstract pattern for example check and stripe, which intend to minimum expression. Matirials are hightech glossy coating textures which have a futuristic image. In conclusion, the Minimalism in 1990's appeared to be a post-minimalism associated with postmodernism and a hightech-minimal under the technology development.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 2023

Among the various elements of probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), human failure events (HFEs) and their dependencies are major contributors to the quantification of risk of a nuclear power plant. Currently, the dependency among HFEs is reflected using a post-processing method in PSA, wherein several drawbacks, such as limited propagation of minimal cutsets through the fault tree and improper truncation of minimal cutsets exist. In this paper, we propose a method to model the HFE dependency directly in a fault tree using the if-then-else logic. The proposed method proved to be equivalent to the conventional post-processing method while addressing the drawbacks of the latter. We also developed a software tool to facilitate the implementation of the proposed method considering the need for modeling the dependency between multiple HFEs. We applied the proposed method to a specific case to demonstrate the drawbacks of the conventional post-processing method and the advantages of the proposed method. When applied appropriately under specific conditions, the direct fault-tree modeling of HFE dependency enhances the accuracy of the risk quantification and facilitates the analysis of minimal cutsets.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.121-129
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• 1998

It opposition to visual luxury of Post modern Architecture a new tendency characterized as 'simplicity' emerged in architecture. It seems clear that such a tendency so called Minimal Architecture has risen as a reaction to the surfeit of sign and the mixture of languages generated by postmodernism. This new simplicity is also related to the tradition of Modern Architecture and the Minimal Art Movement is 1960's. They adopted simple is also related to the tradition of Modern Architecture and the Minimal Art Movement is 1960's. They adopted simple primary Volume to avoid the main fluence on the already chaotic urban environment As a result a strong monumentality is achieved. The main interests for 'minimal' architects seem to be the making of simple structure and the repetition of modular elements to achieve an economic and efficient construction method. Transparent and honest expression is preferred instead of attaching another ornament skin on to the skeleton of the architecture.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.196-204
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• 2005

Menarche is a main indicator of sexual maturity which relates to a reproductive function. The onset of the menstrual cycle differs individually and is influenced by many variables such as socio-economic situation, race, genetics, climate, altitude, nutritional status, and physical growth. Among them physical growth has been known to be the most influencing factor, particularly when expressed as body fat designated by weight. This study intended to investigate the body composition of girls around the menarche period and to evaluate the minimal levels of weight and fat percentage needed for the onset of menarche. A total of 101 female subjects, aged 11 to 13 years, were recruited from the 5th and 6th grades of an elementary school, in Mokpo, Korea. The subjects were placed into one of two groups Pre-menarche and Post-menarche groups according to their experience with menarche. Thereafter, the subjects in the Post-group were placed into 4 subgroups based on the number of menstruations they experienced: Post-I (1-3 times), Post-II (4-6 times), Post-III (7-9 times), and Post-IV (> 10 times). The average age at the onset of menarche of the subjects in Post groups was $11.2 \pm 0.6$ years. There were significant differences in the data of anthropometry and body composition between the Pre and Post groups, although the mean ages of both Pre and Post groups were the same. Weight, waist, hip and thigh girths, fat percentage, and lean body mass of the Post groups were significantly higher than those of the Pre group. Height was not significantly different between the groups. Weight was highly correlated with body fat mass (r = 0.92. p < 0.001), fat percentage (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), and body mass index (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) These results indicate that weight, compared with height, reflects body composition well and influences the onset of the menstrual cycle. It could also be suggested that the minimal weight and fat percentage needed for the onset of menarche in Korean females are 41 kg and $17\%\;to\;19\%$, respectively.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2017

In this paper, we consider a renewable repair-replacement warranty strategy with age-dependent minimal repair service and propose an optimal maintenance model during post-warranty period. Such model implements the repair time limit under warranty and follows with a certain form of system maintenance strategy when the warranty expires. The expected cost rate is investigated per unit time during the life period of the system as for the standard for optimality. Based on the cost design defined for each failure of the system, the expected cost rate is derived during the life period of the system, considering that a renewable minimal repair-replacement warranty strategy with the repair time limit is provided to the customer under warranty. When the warranty is finished, the maintenance of the system is the customer's responsibility. The life period of the system is defined and the expected cost rate is developed from the viewpoint of the customer's perspective. We obtain the optimal maintenance strategy during the maintenance period by minimizing such a cost rate after a warranty expires. Numerical examples using field data are shown to exemplify the application of the methodologies proposed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

Minimalism describes various movements in art and design, which flourished mainly in the USA in the 1960s. Its popularity, however, was cut short by post-modernism. In the mid-1990s, minimalism was given a second breath of life and became culturally popular, especially in areas such as design and art the minimalist movement launched some trends that supplanted post-modernism and whose influences still cast a heavy shadow on society today. From this point of view, in analyzing the form and characteristics of the artists and their work from the 1960s, which were the first generation of the minimalist furniture designers, it is necessary to understand and analyze contemporary artists and their art. In this study, four American minimal artists in the furniture design field, Donald Judd, Richard Tuttle, Scott Burton, and Richard Artschwager were studied along with their works. The results show the three distinct characteristics of minimalist furniture design featuring strict and simple geometric shapes: the form, which was influenced by early modernism variety and origin, which are formative of the materials and the way they are used as influenced by surrealism and a new concept of art such as aesthetics for the little things, which echoes influences of Dadaism, and especially of earlier artists such as Marcel Duchamp.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2018

The purpose of the present work is to establish an ultra-minimal invasive percutaneous puncture inoculation method for a VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model with fewer technical difficulties, lower mortality of rabbits, a higher success rate and a shorter operation time, to evaluate the growth, metastasis and apoptosis of tumor by CT scans, necropsy, histological examination, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The average inoculation time was 10-15 min per rabbit. The tumorbearing rate was 100%. More than 90% of the tumor-bearing rabbits showed local solitary tumor with 2-10 mm diameters after two weeks post-inoculation, and the rate of chest seeding was only 8.3% (2/24). The tumors diameters increased to 4-16 mm, and irregularly short thorns were observed 3 weeks after inoculation. Five weeks post-inoculation, the liquefaction necrosis and a cavity developed, and the size of tumor grew further. Before natural death, the CT images showed that the tumors spread to the chest. The flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry indicated that there was less apoptosis in VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model compared to chemotherapy drug treatment group. Minimal invasive percutaneous puncture inoculation is an easy, fast and accurate method to establish the VX2 orthotopic lung cancer rabbit model, an ideal in situ tumor model similar to human malignant tumor growth.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.792-804
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• 2004

Sportism is continuously expressed in every season in a different theme and established as a Mega-Trend of the early 21 th century fashion. This study was conducted to research the social and cultural sources of the sportism expressed in the early 21th century fashion. This study focused on hybrid as one of the post-modem phenomena. By analysing social and cultural sources of the sportism, three aspects were found; first, many different fashion trends are coincides in post-modem society, which is possible and accelerated by hybrid each other. Second, the complicated and competitive society urge the people to review the past and the originality. Third, youth-oriented and individualistic lifestyle was brought by the development of the technology and economic surplus. Hybrid of the TPO was analysed which made the sportism mega-trend. 'Formal wear was mixed with casual wear, casual wear with active sportswear, hi-fashion with street fashion, and hi-fashion influenced formal and casual wear again'. The sportism prevalent in 21th century fashion can be explained by this system of hybrid. Results of the analysis in this study can be categorized into four aesthetic values based on hybrid of the styles, which are glamorous sportism, romantic sportism, minimal sportism, and heritage sportism.