• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6783-6787
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• 2015

Background: Despite consistent pharmacogenetic effects of CYP2D6 on tamoxifen exposure, there is considerable controversy regarding the validity of CYP2D6 as a predictor of tamoxifen outcome. Understanding the current state of evidence in this area and its limitations is important for the care of patients who require endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 101 patients with breast cancer who received tamoxifen therapy for at least 3 years, were genotyped for common alleles of the CYP2D6 gene by nested-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. Patients were classified as extensive or poor metabolizers (PM) based on CYP2D6*4 alleles in 3 different groups according to the menopause, Her2-neu status, and stage 3. Results: The mean age of the patients with the disease recurrence was $50.8{\pm}6.4$ and in non recurrent patients was $48.2{\pm}6.8$. In this study 63.3% (n=64) patients were extensive metabolizers and 36.6% (n=37) were poor metabolizers. Sixty four of the 101 patients (63.3%) were Her2-neu positive. For tamoxifen-treated patients, no statistically significant difference in rate of recurrence observed between CYP2D6 metabolic variants in stage 3 and post-menopausal patients. However, there was a significant association between CYP2D6 genotype and recurrence in tamoxifen-treated Her2-neu positive patients. Compared with other women with breast cancer, those with Her2-neu positive breast cancer and extensive metabolizer alleles had a decreased likelihood of recurrence. Conclusions: This study for the first time demonstrated significant effects of CYP2D6 extensive metabolizer alleles on risk of recurrence in Her2-neu positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Therefore, CYP2D6 metabolism, as measured by genetic variation, can be a predictor of breast cancer outcome in Her2-neu positive women receiving tamoxifen.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2010

골다공성 폐경 후 여성에서 단일 에너지를 이용한 정량적 전산화 단층촬영술로 골무기질 함량을 측정하여 건강한 여성과 비교분석하였다. 1군은 건강한 폐경전 여성, 2군은 폐경후 건강한 여성, 3군은 골다공증성 폐경후 여성으로 나눈 환자들에게 QCT를 이용하여 측정된 골밀도가 각 군간에 차이가 있는지 알아보고 각 군내 혹은 다른 군간에 척추 부위에 따른 영향이 있는지를 부위별로 비교분석하였고, 골무기질 함량의 측정은 타원형의 region of interest를 이용하여 T12-L4에서 척추의 해면질 부위에서 측정하였다. 연령이 증가함에 따라 골밀도는 감소하였고 건강한 군과 비교하여 골다공증 환자군에서 유의하게 낮은 골밀도를 관할 할 수 있었다. 건강한 폐경전 여성군을 제외한 모든군에서 T12에서 L4로 갈수록 골밀도가 감소하였다. 통계학적으로 모든 척추체에서 골밀도로 1, 2, 3군간 서로를 구분할 수 있으나 2군과 3군은 골밀도로는 서로간의 구분할 수 없는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1142-1148
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• 2021

인간의 평균수명이 연장되면서 폐경 이후 여성의 삶의 질에도 많은 관심을 가지게 되었다. 한국인 여성에서 폐경이 나타나는 시기는 평균적으로 49.7세로 알려져 있으며, 폐경 이후의 삶이 일생의 1/3 이상을 차지하게 되어 주요한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. L-ascorbic acid (AsA)는 생물의 에너지 대사과정에서 필수적인 조효소로 작용하고 있으며, 특히, 골 구성 단백질인 collagen의 합성 및 성숙에 관여하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폐경 여성에서의 AsA와 골 건강에 대해 소개하고자 하였다. AsA는 collagen 생합성에 중요한 인자이며, collagen은 골을 구성하는 단백질로써 골 기질의 석회화를 위해 필요한 물질이므로 골 건강에 대한 AsA의 역할은 대단히 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. Collagen 가교는 동물의 성장 과정에서 collagen 섬유의 안정화 및 탄력성을 위해 필요한 것이나, 과잉의 증가는 세포 간 영양소 또는 노폐물의 이동이 억제되어 더욱 노화로 연결되기 쉽다. AsA는 collagen 미숙가교 형성에 환원제로 작용하여 미숙가교를 안정화하여, 미숙가교에서 성숙가교인 pyridinoline이 생성되는 반응을 억제시킨다. 따라서, AsA는 collagen 생합성에 관여하여 골 조직의 건강에 도움을 주는 한편, collagen 가교의 지나친 성숙을 조절하여 폐경 여성에게서 나타날 수 있는 골 관련 문제에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추측된다. 이상의 정보는 폐경 여성의 골 건강에 대한 향후 연구에 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 피톤치드흡입이 폐경기 여성의 기분상태 및 건강 관련 삶의 질에 변화를 8주간 실험을 통하여 분석하는 것이였다. 연구대상자는 서울 소재 D, N구의 폐경 후 2년 이하 41명을 목적적 표집하였다. 실험설계는 피톤치드흡입집단과 통제집단으로 구성되는 연구대상자 요인과 사전측정(0week)·중간측정(4week)·사후측정(8week)의 3개 측정시점으로 구성되는 2×3 반복측정에 의한 요인설계를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 종속변인으로는 기분상태와 건강관련 삶의 질로 설정하였으며 사전측정·중간측정·사후측정 3회 질문지를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 분석방법은 one-way ANOVA와 사후검증을 실시하였다. 도출된 결과는 첫째, 폐경기 여성의 피톤치드흡입집단이 통제집단에 비하여 긴장, 우울, 피로, 혼돈 요인의 감소 효과와 활력 요인의 증가 효과가 통계적 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, 폐경기 여성의 피톤치드흡입집단은 통제집단에 비하여 유능감, 정신적 안녕, 안정성, 활력 요인에서 통계적 유의한 증가 추이를 나타내었다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of H Gambitang (GB-001) on body composition and basal metabolic rate in pre- and post-menopausal obese woman retrospectively. Methods: The study was conducted on 57 middle-aged obese women. They were divided into two groups; pre-menopausal obesity group (Pr-MOG; n=34) and post-menopausal obesity group (Po-MOG; amenorrhea was continued to 14~48 month, n=23) with no significant difference of age, height, body weight and body mass index. All subjects took herbal medicine 3 times a day, for 6 weeks during treatment period. The weight, height, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate of all subjects were measured on first visit. The following measurements were repeated after 2 weeks (2nd), 4 weeks (3rd) and 6 weeks (4th) with Inbody 370 (Biospace) equipment to identify changes of body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. Results are represented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Po-MOG showed significantly lower decrease rate in weight reduction on 2~6 weeks while significantly higher decrease rate in skeletal muscle reduction on 4~6 weeks. There were no significant differences between two groups in body fat reduction rate and basal metabolic increasing rate. Conclusions: H Gambitang (GB-001) can be used not only in Pr-MOG but in Po-MOG in weight loss although the effect can be lower in Po-MOG. To prevent skeletal muscle mass loss in Po-MOG, following study on adjusting dose and components of H Gambitang (GB-001) thought to be necessary.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2017

연구목적 중년 우울증 여성은 안면 홍조 증상을 자주 경험한다. 우울증과 안면 홍조 간의 연관성은 아직 명확하지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 안면 홍조가 있는 우울증 여성과 안면 홍조가 없는 우울증 여성을 대상으로 호르몬 농도, 기능적 신체 증상, 폐경에 대한 태도 및 스트레스대처 방식을 비교하여 그 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 안면 홍조가 있는 우울증 여성 33명과 안면 홍조가 없는 우울증 여성 33명이 연구에 참여하였다. 안면 홍조 증상은 일주일에 걸쳐 전향적으로 일일 증상 척도를 통해 확인하였다. 연구 대상자의 스트레스 대처 방식은 스트레스 대처 방식 설문지를 통해 평가하였다. 신체 증상은 환자 건강 설문지(Patient Health Questionnaire-15, PHQ-15)로 평가하였다. 성 호르몬 농도는 방사성면역분석법으로 측정하였다. 간편 세계보건기구 삶의 질 평가도구(Brief World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument, WHOQOL-BREF)를 이용하여 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 결 과 스트레스 대처 방식에 있어서, 안면 홍조가 있는 우울증 여성이 문제-중심의 대처 방식과($13.15{\pm}3.17$) 사회적 지지에 대한 탐색($11.83{\pm}2.84$) 항목이 안면 홍조 증상이 없는 우울증 여성에 비해 적었다(각각 $15.17{\pm}3.1$, p=0.028 ; $14.25{\pm}3.22$, p=0.009). 안면 홍조가 있는 우울증 여성이 폐경 후에 대하여 상대적으로 부정적 태도를 보였으나, 통계적 유의성은 근사치로 불충분하였다(p=0.059). 본 연구에서는 PHQ-15로 평가한 신체 증상과 성호르몬 농도에서 두 군 간의 차이를 발견하지 못 하였다. WHOQOL-BREF에 따른 사회적 대인 관계의 점수는 안면 홍조가 없는 군보다($9.71{\pm}1.65$ ; p=0.044) 안면 홍조가 있는 군에서($8.62{\pm}2.04$) 유의하게 낮았다. 결 론 우울증이 있는 중년 여성에서, 안면 홍조 증상은 스트레스에 대한 대처 방식의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 우울증 여성에서 안면 홍조 증상은 삶의 질에 부정적 영향을 주므로, 임상가는 안면 홍조가 있는 우울증 환자에서 적극적으로 안면 홍조에 대하여 치료적인 접근을 해야 할 것이다. 항우울제 혹은 소량의 호르몬 치료에 반응이 없는 우울증 환자에서, 인지 행동 치료 또는 스트레스 관리가 효과적일 수 있겠다. 추후 안면 홍조 및 우울증과 관련된 위험 요인에 대한 인과 관계를 명확하게 하기 위해서는 객관적인 방법을 통한 종적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-132
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• 1999

This correlational descriptive study sought to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhujori, Korean tradition non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present physical symptom distress of arthritis female who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at three hospital located in Seoul, Pusan, Chongju, Korea. Data from a convenience sample of 98 women who orally agreed to be respondent were collected from September 1, 1998 to October 31, 1998 for two months by way of interview with semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, mean, S. D., Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants as 52.8 years and mean number of children 3.3. Mean frequency of child birth was 3.1 times per woman, 67.4% of respondents had menopause, 57.0% did not have Sunhujori after abortion. The health status implies the subjective health status women perceived, which came from the three points of view of the present, comparative with other of same age and changed after delivery. The respondents of 76.1% perceived them as unhealthy and the main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities including knee and hand 34.8%, shoulder 26.5%, waist 22.4%. Women perceived the etiology of the arthritis as 'did Sanhujori wrongly' 36.7%, 'aging process' 24.5%, 'stress' 16.3%, 'overwork' 15.3%, 'Immunocompromize' & 'physical constitution' 7.1% respectively, 'character' 3.1%, 'genetic' 2.0%, 'malnutrition' 1.0%. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 20.4 at the first child and 18.1 at the second child. The higher frequency of child birth, the shorter period of Sanhujori. For the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the first child and the rate of 'did not particularly Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the last child. There was a significant positive correlation between physical function disability and rheumatoid arthritis symptom at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.406). And a positive correlation between physical function disability and Sanhubyung symptom at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=.224). There was a significant positive correlation among rheumatoid arthritis symptom, Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom at the level of 1%-5% of significance statistically. Most of all, the correlation between Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom was the higher than others. There was a negative correlation between the present physical symptom distress and experience of Sanhujori(r=.-130), however it was not significant statistically. However, there was a positive correlation between subjective health status and experience of Sanhujori at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.328). In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the positive relationship between the perceived health status and experience of Sanhujori after delivery among women of arthritis. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to study further on the effects of Sanhuiori after abortion or delivery on the physical symptom distress from the variouis aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research. The strategy for the development of the appropriate intervention for primary prevention of sequele after childbirth and quality of care for desirable health outcomes for postpartal women with considering deeply on the relationship between women's health and postapartal care.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2007

폐경기 여성에서 호르몬 대체요법은 폐경기 증상의 경감, 골다공증에 의한 골절, 대장암의 위험도 감소 등의 효과가 인정되어 왔다. 현재도 많은 폐경기 여성에게 사용되어지고 있는 치료법이다. 그러나 그에 따른 부작용 또한 점차 밝혀지며 연구 되고 있다. 이러한 부작용 중 생명을 위협 할 수 있는 폐색전증은 호르몬요법을 사용할시 항상 각별한 주의를 요한다. 폐경기 호르몬대체요법이 필요할 경우 심부정맥혈전증과 폐색전증의 다른 위험인자나 환경적 요인 등을 가진 환자에게 그 사용에 있어 더욱 주위를 기울여야 한다. 또한 폐색전증의 가장 많은 증상인 호흡기 증상이 있을 경우 즉시 적절한 평가와 치료가 필요하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2013

This study was performed from April, 2007 to August, 2012 with female patients who were being treated for and suffering from chronic lumbar pain for periods of 6 months and over. The 53 female patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis by having a T-Score of <-2.5 in a bone mineral density(BMD), as well as showing signs of metabolic syndrome. This was deduced by taking measurements of blood pressure, carrying out blood-chemical examinations and physical measurements such as weight, height, waist measurement and body mass index(BMI). After 5 minutes rest, the patient's blood pressure, height and weight were measured. BMI was calculated using the equation BMI = weight (Kg)/height ($m^2$). The patients had their blood taken in a fasted state(more than 12hours), the fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol were measured. The average BMD and T-score were calculated by measuring BMD(mg/cc) of L1-L3 using QCT. In a correlation analysis of the physical examinations, clinical character of metabolic syndrome and T-score, the result showed that age and T-score had a negative correlation(r=-0.699, p<0.01) as did triglyceride and T-score (r=-0.047, p<0.01), where as weight(r=0.239, p<0.05) and height(r-=0.329, p<0.01) and T-score had a positive correlation. There was no significant correlation with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure and T-score. This study showed that there are significant correlations with age, weight, height and T-score. But there are no significant correlations with total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood sugar, blood pressure and T-score and that these did not influence bone density. Further research with more subjects is required to determine whether there is a correlation of clinical character of metabolic syndrome and T-score.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2007

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and ${\alpha}$- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.