• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1253-1269
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• 2015

The present paper investigates the post heating behavior of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, namely carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Thirty rectangular concrete beams were prepared and cured for 28 days. Then, beams were either subjected (in duplicates) to elevated temperatures in the range (100 to $500^{\circ}C$) or left at room temperature before tested under four point loading for flexural response. Experimental results showed that beams, reinforced with CFRP and GFRP bars and subjected to temperatures below $300^{\circ}C$, showed better mechanical performance than that of corresponding ones with conventional reinforcing steel bars. The results also revealed that ultimate load capacity and stiffness pertaining to beams with FRP reinforcement decreased, yet their ultimate deflection and toughness increased with higher temperatures. All beams reinforced with FRP materials, except those post-heated to $500^{\circ}C$, failed by concrete crushing followed by tension failure of FRP bars.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1237-1258
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• 2015

This paper proposes a simple inelastic analysis approach to efficiently map out the complete nonlinear post-collapse (strain-softening) response and the maximum load capacity of axially loaded concrete encased steel composite columns (stub and slender). The scheme simultaneously incorporates the influences of difficult instabilizing phenomena such as concrete confinement, initial geometric imperfection, geometric nonlinearity, buckling of reinforcement bars and local buckling of structural steel, on the overall behavior of the composite columns. The proposed numerical method adopts fiber element discretization and an iterative M${\ddot{u}}$ller's algorithm with an additional adaptive technique that robustly yields solution convergence. The accuracy of the proposed analysis scheme is validated through comparisons with various available experimental benchmarks. Finally, a parametric study of various key parameters on the overall behaviors of the composite columns is conducted.

• 센서학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.368-372
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• 2015

In this paper, we proposed a post-processing technique for improving classification performance of electronic nose (E-Nose) system which may be occurred drift signals from sensor array. An adaptive radial basis function network using stochastic gradient (SG) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to process signals from sensor array. Due to drift from sensor's aging and poisoning problems, the final classification results may be showed bias and fluctuations. The predicted classification results with drift are quantized to determine which identification level each class is on. To mitigate sharp fluctuations moving-averaging (MA) technique is applied to quantized identification results. Finally, quantization and some edge correction process are used to decide levels of the fluctuation-smoothed identification results. The proposed technique has been indicated that E-Nose system was shown correct odor identification results even if drift occurred in sensor array. It has been confirmed throughout the experimental works. The enhancements have produced a very robust odor identification capability which can compensate for decision errors induced from drift effects with sensor array in electronic nose system.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2015

Purpose - The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of the European Union's (EU) focus on innovation and consumption, after the EU Eastern enlargement, on trade, investment, and technology cooperation patterns of Korea to formulate a pan-European marketing strategy, with a special emphasis on the mobile phone industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study compares the intersection of the pivotal areas in the markets in the "post-new normal" era to identify outlets to commercialize development and innovation in this region. The EU would like to realize potential trade and investment opportunities with the Central European Economic Community (CEEC) from this enlargement. Results - The study analysis suggests a positive impact for innovation and consumption from the EU Eastern enlargement on trade, investment, and technology cooperation patterns of Korea to formulate a pan-European marketing strategy with a special emphasis on the mobile phone industry or motorcar e-strategy. Conclusions - Due to the evolving close interdependencies some hubs have emerged between regional, small markets and the central, larger ones such as Germany and France.

• 수완나부미
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-76
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• 2015

This paper proposes an approach in Southeast Asian studies using a post-colonial framework in the study of post-colonial Southeast Asia. This framework is based on the sociology of knowledge that analyzes the dialectical relationship between science, ideology, and discourse. Post-colonial studies is critical of the concept of universality in science and posits that a scientific statement of a society cannot stand alone, but is made by authors themselves who produce, use, and claim the so-called scientific statement. Several concepts in post-colonial theories can be used to develop area studies, i.e. colonial discourse, subaltern, mimicry, and hybridity. Therefore, this study also explores these concepts to develop a more comprehensive understanding of Southeast Asian culture. The development of post-colonial theories can be used to respond to the hegemony of social theories from Europe and the United States. The main contribution of area studies in the field of the social sciences and humanities is in revealing the hidden interests behind the universal social sciences.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2327-2331
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) in detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in pre- and post-menopausal women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Materials and Methods: Two hundred women (150 pre-menopausal and 50 post-menopausal) with ASC-US and LSIL cytology who attended the colposcopy clinic, Thammasat University Hospital, between March 2013 and August 2014 were included. All women underwent VIA testing and colposcopy by gynecologic oncologists. Diagnostic values of VIA testing including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting high-grade CIN were determined using the histopathology obtained from colposcopic-directed biopsy as a gold standard. Results: VIA testing was positive in 54/150 (36%) pre-menopausal women and 5/50 (10%) post-menopausal women. Out of 54 pre-menopausal women with positive VIA testing, 15 (27.8%) had high-grade CIN and 39 (72.2%) had either CIN 1 or insignificant pathology. Ten (10.4%), 43 (44.8%) and 43 (44.8%) out of the remaining 96 pre-menopausal women with negative VIA testing had high-grade CIN, CIN 1 and insignificant pathology, respectively. Out of 5 post-menopausal women with positive VIA testing, there were 4 (80%) women with high-grade CIN, and 1 (20%) women with insignificant pathology. Out of 45 VIA-negative post-menopausal women, 42 (93.3%) women had CIN 1 and insignificant pathology, and 3 (6.7%) had high-grade CIN. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the VIA testing were 59.4%, 76.2%, 32.2% and 90.8%, respectively (60%, 68.8%, 27.8% and 89.6% in pre-menopausal women and 57.1%, 97.7%, 80% and 93.3% in post-menopausal women). Conclusions: VIA testing may be used as a screening tool for detecting high-grade CIN in women with minor cervical cytological abnormalities in a low-resource setting in order to lower the rate of colposcopy referral.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of post-treatment intracranial hemorrhage of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Medical records of 81 patients who have been diagnosed of brain metastases from HCC and underwent surgery, radiosurgery and/or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) between January 2000 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Intracranial hemorrhage was present in 64 patients (79%) at the time of diagnosis. Median value of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was 1,700 ng/mL. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status for 20 patients was greater than 2. Fifty-seven patients underwent WBRT and the others were treated with surgery and/or radiosurgery without WBRT. During follow-up, 12 events of intracranial hemorrhage after treatment were identified. Three-month post-treatment hemorrhage rate was 16.1%. Multivariate analyses revealed that ECOG performance status, AFP, and WBRT were associated with post-treatment hemorrhage (p = 0.013, 0.013, and 0.003, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 3-month post-treatment hemorrhage rate of new lesion was higher in patients treated without WBRT, although statistical significance was not reached. (18.6% vs. 4.6%; p = 0.104). Ten of 12 patients with post-treatment hemorrhage died with neurologic cause. Conclusion: WBRT should be considered to prevent post-treatment hemorrhage in the treatment of brain metastases from HCC.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2015

스피넬 결정구조를 지니는 $CoMn_2O_4$ 박막을 증착하였으며 이들 박막의 물리적 특성을 후열처리 이전과 이후로 비교 조사하였다. 증착온도인 $720^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 $700^{\circ}C$에서의 후열처리 과정 이후, 열처리 이전의 불분명했던 tetragonal 결정구조가 분명하여졌으며 이는 곧 표면상태의 변화로도 관측되었다. 자성특성의 경우 약 100 K에서 다결정 형태의 벌크에서는 측정할 수 없었던 상전이가 관측되었다. 상전이온도 이상의 온도에서는 전형적인 강자성 특성을 보이는 반면 상전이온도 이하에서는 페리자성 특성을 보였다. 특히 열처리 이후에는 페리자성 특성은 매우 뚜렷하여졌다. 이와 같은 결과는 후열처리과정이 $CoMn_2O_4$ 박막의 물리적 특성을 결정짓는데 필수적임을 의미한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.241-242
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• 2015

Reproductive behaviors have evolved through severe inter-sexual competition. We have recently described a behavior in post-mated female Drosophila melanogaster that controls ejaculate retention and sperm storage, and is a possible mechanism by which females who have mated with several partners can choose which sperm that is stored and used for fertilization. This behavior can also regulate exposure of the female to harmful effects of male SFP that are present in the ejaculate. Our study identified the neural pathway functioning in the female brain that regulates this behavior. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(5): 241-242]

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loaded vertical jumps on the following vertical jumps and to find how long the transient effect of warm-ups would continue. Methods : Twelve healthy college male students, majoring in physical education, participated in this study voluntarily. They performed three sets of unloaded jumps (pre-jump, 5% post jump, and 10% post jump) and two sets of loaded jumps (5% and 10% loaded jumps) according to the counter-balanced order. At each set, three trials of maximal vertical jumps were performed by a 30 second interval between trials and a 3 minute break after warm-up jumps. Force platform and motion capturing system were used to record motions and ground reaction force. Results : Only 5% post-warm-up jumps ($48.29{\pm}2.06cm$) showed significant increase in the jump height compared with pre-warm-up jumps ($47.35{\pm}2.21cm$). The transient effects of loaded warm-ups disappeared 4 minutes after loaded jumps. Conclusion : Conclusively, a decent amount of loading (around 5% extra of body weight) during sport specific warm-ups would give a positive, transient effect on the performance of the vertical jump.