• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.132-141
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a forest therapy program on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood states of fire fighters. A total of 293 participants completed two psychological questionnaires before and after the program was conducted: the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Data were analyzed with paired t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS 24.0. The PTSD results showed a significant decrease from 11.38 ± 12.58 points before the program to 6.91 ± 10.50 points after the program. Results of the POMS questionnaire revealed an increase in positive factors and a decrease in negative factors, with a significant overall decrease in POMS results from 8.58 ± 18.47 points before the program to -0.63 ± 15.83 points after the program. As a result of analyzing the differences in stress reduction effects according to the amount of sleep participants had, PTSD showed improvement at 6-8 hours of sleep. These results are expected to be utilized as a basis for stress management and relief in fire fighters.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical research trends in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Korean medicine (KM). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Google Scholar and five Korean databases through May 2019, for studies on KM to treat PTSD. Clinical research that conducted KM treatment of PTSD patients were included. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and data extraction process. Results: Totally, eight studies were included in this review. Types of traumatic events that patients experienced included physical violence/threatening, traffic accidents, sexual violence and personal tragic events. KM interventions performed included acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, physical therapy, and KM-based psychotherapy. Treatment duration varied from two days to more than five months. Follow-up began at least one week to three months after the end of treatments. It was reported that the major psychological and/or somatic symptoms of PTSD, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and musculoskeletal pain, subjectively improved, as well as other objective outcomes: Impact Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hwabyung Symptoms/characters, Electroencephalography (EEG) change, etc. Statistical studies were conducted in three studies only. Outcomes such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), BDI, and IES-R-K showed statistically significant improvement after KM treatments. There was no study reporting adverse events during or after the interventions. Conclusions: According to this review, diverse types of KM treatments have been used among PTSD patients in eight studies. The KM treatments effectively improved psychological and somatic symptoms of PTSD patients. However, the lack of high quality research as well as the lack of standardization of KM treatments for PTSD are limitations. Further methodologically robust clinical trials should be performed, and the standardization of KM treatments for PTSD should be sought.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.197-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the progress of treatment and improve clinical use after conducting Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, the main technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, for a patient with panic disorder. Methods: We conducted a Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind for 10 sessions on an age 23 female diagnosed with panic disorder based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. After receiving consent from the subject, through chart review, the progress of treatment was observed focusing on the MMPI-2 and CSEI-s (The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form) conducted pre- and post-treatment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital (WMCSB202007-55). Results: 1. The MMPI-2 clinical scales of an age 23 female with panic disorder showed a 7 (Pt)-1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile pre-treatment, but for post-treatment, the scale showed 1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile, and the 7 (Pt) scale showed significant decline. In the MMPI-2 reconstructed clinical scales, RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions) and RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) showed significant decline. 2. In the pre- and post-treatment MMPI-2 content scales, Anxiety, Fears, Obsessiveness, Social Discomfort, and Work Interference scores decreased, showing overall positive stability. On the MMPI-2 supplementary scales, the Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder scores decreased, and the Ego Strength increased, resulting in improved overall psychological adaptation. 3. Pre- and post-treatment of an age 23 female with panic disorder, CSEI-s showed significant decline of 恐, 驚, 悲, and 思. So it seems that the emotions caused by Chiljeongsang (七情傷) were more stable than before treatment. Conclusions: As shown above, the treatment of panic disorder through Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, a major technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, showed positive changes in MMPI-2 as well as improvement of the subjective symptoms. Thus, Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind has high clinical use, and it seems that it is necessary to create a manual for this in the future.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the behavioral responses of children with burns, and anxiety and depression in their parents. Methods: Ninety-three parents of children with burns, ages 4 to 15 years who were admitted to hospital for an acute burn agreed to participate in this study. The Child Behavior Checklist, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Korean Version of Beck Depression Inventory were used for data collection. Results: The mean scores for acute traumatic disorder, post traumatic disorder, anxiety and depression were $9.05{\pm}3.04,\;39.59{\pm}8.75,\;11.89{\pm}11.53$, and $10.16{\pm}8.22$, respectively. There were significant relationships between depression and gender of children, education of parents, and number of family members. Child's behavioral responses were positively correlated with parents' anxiety and depression. Conclusion: The study found that the greater the behavioral responses of the children with burns, the more anxiety and depression experienced by the parents. The results indicate that psychological support must be provided for both the children with burns and their parents in conjunction with treatment of the burns.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애 실태를 파악하고 그에 따른 대처방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 경찰관의 외상후 스트레스 장애 실태는 연구에 따라 다소 차이는 있으나 비교적 높은 수준이고, 소방관과 비교해도 상대적으로 높은 수준이다. 이에 대한 대처방안으로 고위험 경찰공무원의 발견 및 관리, 위기상황 스트레스 관리 기법의 보급, 직원 지원 프로그램의 도입, 동료 및 가족의 적극적 개입, 스트레스 관리 교육 등을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.387-395
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and mental health status of disaster victims according to disaster types, such as a typhoon disaster and an oil spill disaster, and to suggest adequate health care services for them. Methods: A total of 484 people who suffered disasters were selected for this study, and data were collected from July to August, 2008. The data-set for this study included 286 victims of typhoon disasters in Jeju and Jeollanamdo district in South Korea, and 198 victims of the oil spill disaster in Taean. Physical health status was measured using revised Patient Health Questionnaire and mental health status was measured using the Korean version of 'Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale'. Results: According to the comparative analyses of typhoon disaster victims and oil spill disaster victims, poorer physical health outcomes were shown among the oil spill disaster victims when compared to the typhoon disaster victims. Also, the oil spill disaster victims showed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, at rates higher than those found among the typhoon disaster victims. Conclusions: These findings suggest that there is a need to provide adequate physical and mental health-related care services for oil spill disaster victims. The seriousness of oil spill disaster should be realized and reconsidered in developing recovery strategies and disaster preparedness for physical and mental health services.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.151-159
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was designed to estimate the effect of Damjeonggyeok acupuncture on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patient due to a series of traffic accidents by using Symptoms Check List-90-Rivision(SCL-90-R). Methods : This report have been observed among 30 patients who admitted our department for whiplash injury associated disorders during 04-01-2009 to 09-31-2009. The PTSD patients was divided into 2 groups. One group was treated general oriental medical treatment(Group A) and the other group was treated Damjeonggyeok acupuncture with general oriental medical treatment(Group B). SCL-90-R and visual analogue scale(VAS) were checked before and after treatment for evaluating the improvement of whiplash injury associated disorders with PTSD. Results : 1. Both Group A and Group B showed good effect on decreasing of VAS and improving of psychological symptoms after traffic accident. 2. Group B symptoms about SCL-90-R Conclusions : Damjeonggyeok acupuncture with general oriental medical treatment can be recommended as a useful therapy to treat patients who have PTSD. Further study is needed to confirm the effectiveness of Damjeonggyeok acupuncture on whiplash injury associated disorders with PTSD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 2015

Fire fighter are exposed to the situations which are hard to predict due to continuous and accidental changes which hinder their fire fighting activity. As these threats of safety accident act as fear factors, they are doing insecure fire fighting activities. Therefore, as unclear and abnormal risks of working environment such as the riskiness of expansion of disaster, instability, obstacles of activities, abnormality, urgency, etc. increase, safety accidents are caused. This study analyzes the actual condition of safety and health and awareness of fire fighter who are exposed safety accidents during their fire fighting activities and utilize such result as the basis data to secure safety of fire fighter, keep efficient safety control and prevent accidents. The results of analysis are as follows. As rescue works among all fire-fighting works shows the highest emotional stabilization and the highest post-traumatic stress disorder is shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is 10-15 years, reinforcing safety training to long-term workers is necessary. As the result of survey regarding safety awareness, the highest awareness level was shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is over 20 years, and when it comes to operation of fire fighting equipments, fire-fighting workers and workers having 1-4 years of working period showed high safety awareness. The more serious injury in a fire fighter experienced as the first injury after working as a fire-fighter, the more cause-and-effect relationship was shown between personal physical condition and work, and it is shown as obstacles of fire fighting activities and affects to post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, as after-work off duty activities also affect to official disaster, systematic improvement of working environment is required. Occupational medical work compatibility evaluation considering the distinct characteristics of works to secure fire-fighter' health care together with fire-fighting capability is shown to be necessary.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.360-368
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between parenting behavior, parenting efficacy, adaptation stress and PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) among mothers who have defected from North Korean. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to illustrate the parenting behavior, parenting efficacy, adaptation stress and PTSD and report the relationships among them. Data were collected between August and November of 2009 in Hanawon and 105 mothers who met eligibility criteria participated in the study. Results: Ignorant/controlling parenting behavior of parenting showed the highest score in our study. The level of parenting efficacy was $2.72{\pm}0.36$ and adaptation stress level was $3.35{\pm}0.47$ showing perceived hostility the highest and homesickness the lowest. Participants with moderate to severe PTSD accounted for 79.5% of the mothers, and 75% of them reported symptoms for 3 months or more. Authoritative parenting behavior showed negative relationships with parenting efficacy, cultural crisis and fear, adaptation stress and PTSD. Conclusion: Mothers who have defected from showed negative parenting behaviors and high adaptation stress level and PTSD while parenting efficacy was high. These findings indicate that parenting intervention programs which can guide these mothers towards positive parenting behaviors need to be developed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.475-484
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• 2016

The purpose of this article is to investigate how returning veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develop psycho-social issues and describe how helping professionals can assist them with re-adapting to the community. Based on a literature review, the author explores the causes of psycho-social issues of returning veterans with PTSD, reviews various ways of helping, and proposes critical factors that helping professionals should be aware of when intervening in psycho-social issues of returning veterans with PTSD. It is found that psycho-social issues of returning veterans with PTSD are closely related to their distrust and aversion to authorities. Group therapy can be used as a viable intervention for alleviating PTSD symptoms and derived psycho-social issues in terms that veterans with PTSD tend to more open with other group members who can share and understand unique experiences.