• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2014

The paper analyzed the excavational data from Bupyeong-office in Ulsan county in Chosun Dynasty, examined the composition of the community estimated at station community, and studied the duration of the community by using the excavated relics. In addition, the paper compared the excavational data with documentary records, studied the location Bupyeong-office, and investigated the size of station community overall. Community compositions such as buildings, residential place, pits, stoves, hemp kilns, cremation tombs, and farming appliances were identified. When compared to excavated relics such as tiles, white porcelain jars, agrayish-blue-powdered celadons, and celadon porcelains from building, residance, and pits, the community existed during 14C~17C. The station location was on the west side to the quarters for Byongmajuldosa of the Left Gyeongsangdo at King's location according to the old maps and documentary records. It is widely expected that No, 201 foundation stone buildings at Pyungsan relic I was related to the station because there was a distinctions on the stone pillar waterway and high quality of location in the size(the front 9 sections ${\times}$ the side 1 section) and the community. According to the building's functions and duplication relations in the community, it is regarded that there were 33~40 ground buildings, 40~45 pitting buildings, storages or 15~30 other purpose buildings, and 5~7 public buildings around No, 210 building in Bupyeong-office town.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2003

[ $HfO_2$ ] and $HfO_xN_y$ films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using $Hf[OC(CH_3)_3]_4$ as the precursor in the absence of $O_2$. The crystallization temperature of the $HfO_xN_y$ films is higher than that of the $HfO_2$ film. Nitrogen incorporation in $HfO_xN_y$ was confirmed by auger electron spectroscopy analysis. After post deposition annealing (PDA) at 800$\Box$, the EOT increased from 1.34 to 1.6 nm in the $HfO_2$ thin films, whereas the increase of EOT was suppressed to less than 0.02 nm in the $HfO_xN_y$. The leakage current density decreased from 0.18 to 0.012 $A/cm^2$ with increasing PDA temperature in the $HfO_2$ films. But the leakage current density of $HfO_xN_y$ does not vary with increasing PDA temperature because an amorphous $HfO_xN_y$ films suppresses the diffusion of oxygen through the gate dielectric.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2009

In modern Asia major cities had same problem with lack of affordable housing for families. So they had to concentrate to the mass supply of housing and made some physical counter effects like high density of cities, limitation of parking space. Also people who lived in those cities could suffer from broken traditional community culture. To rebuild traditional community and increase land usage, Block housing is suggested as a new kind of multi-family housing for old town redevelopment. Now some governments are trying to make urban code to give some initiative for new block housing development in old city blocks. They expect this new housing type can help to solve serious problems like lack of parking area, green space and context of block. Also they hope that block housing development can help to increase safety of town and reduce cost of development. The purpose of this study is to review the establishment and development process of Block Housing and to confirm the aspect which has been changed with urban organization together. Also this study tried to find out the intentional characteristics of similarities and differences with comparison of Korea and Japan. And as a result we could find critical physical viewpoint, and provide considerations for future study and plan. Several cases of block housing in Korea and Japan were reviewed for comparative study and Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) survey was examined to find satisfaction factors and problems which were expected to improved.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.375-378
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was analyzing characteristics of $85m^2$-sizes housing units with 3-bay and 4-bay and the residents' satisfaction with them. The subjects for analyzing $85m^2$-sizes housing units with 3-bay and 4-bay in the new town, yongin, in Gyeonggi-do. The study result was show that the residents satisfaction who have experienced the 3-bay housing unit than 4-bay housing unit.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 1993

진도에 분포되는 패각층의 유공충 군집은 온난환경에서 퇴적되었음을 지시한다. 총 12개의 표품에서 10속 11종의 저서성 유공충이 산출되었다. 이중에서 Cavarotalia annectens가 주요종으로 57에서 90퍼센트를 차지한다. 본역의 패각층은 유공충 군집으로 보아 흘로세 퇴적물이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2003

This design is for the landscape of Busan Yeonje Post Office. The design requirements were: the preparation of an open space, the expression of regional identity, total design concept, and application of environmentally-friendly materials. The Busan Yeonje Post Office is not a just post office building but also a place for people including a communications center, rental offices, and a post office, facilities which require publicity, functionality, and symbolism. Therefore, this design reflected the design requirements, and considered the following to include the theme of "Pleasant messages and a pleasant post office with vitality and comfort. First, the open space was to be increased in the adjacent public vacant lot and street park by pulling back the construction line. In this way, the publicity, accessibility, and spatiality of the prepared open space were strengthened. Second, a sense of place for the landscape was expressed through the image of a wave representing Busan, a coastal town. Recognition of the space was strengthened, while regional identity and the concept of transmission of information were expressed. In addition, Citrus junos Sieb., representing 'Happy news' was Planted as a symbolic tree to denote a meaningful resting Place. Third, with respect to the design of reception facilities, considering the general purposes of the construction, post office stamps, envelopes, and postal delivery persons were portrayed on the walls, decorative walls, and environmental formations respectively The flooring was decorated with stamps and waves in keeping with of the total design concept. Fourth, to select environmentally-friendly materials, soil block and eco-grass block were introduced as major paving materials, and folk kinds of trees were included on site. According to the aforesaid plans, the researcher attempted to convert the public agency and office space characterized by feelings of dullness and rigidity into a soft and vivid outdoor space. It is expected that the location will be an open place in the downtown area and be recognized as a 'shared' space for citizens of Yeonje-gu.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.321-343
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• 2004

이 글은 내포지역의 읍성 연구를 사례로 음성취락의 사회공간적 재편과 근대화에 접근한 것이다. 한반도의 서 남해안 일대는 방어상의 이유와 넓은 하안 충적평야, 해안 저지대의 농경제적 가치 때문에 다른 지역에 비해 우선적으로 읍성 축조가 이루어졌다. 내포지역은 그러한 대표적인 공간이다. 내포지역의 읍치경관 원형은 방위와 길흉의 연관성에 대한 전통적 관념이나 권력의 자연화 전략을 반영하며 일정한 원칙 하에 조형되면서도 국지적 단위의 시 공간성을 반영하고 있었다. 조선시대동안 초기 읍성이 지닌 공간성은 군사적 공간으로부터 점차 정치 행정적 중심지로 변화하여 갔다. 일제강점기가 되면, 전통시기의 읍치가 통치 행정 치소로서의 기능을 넘어 자본 축적의 중심, 경제와 교육의 거점, 촌락 공간의 중심지로 변모하기 시작한다. 내포지역에는 개항지가 설치되지 않았음에도 불구하고 일본인의 읍성안 토지 장악은 주요 개항지의 그것보다 훨씬 더 전면적이었다. 더욱이 읍성 공간을 천한 공간으로 여기던 전통적 인식은 조선인들의 신속한 읍성 이탈을 부추긴 반면, 읍성 공간이 갖는 정치, 경제, 사회적 중심성과 서비스업에 종사함으로써 얻은 풍부한 자본력은 일본인들의 광범위한 토지 점유를 가속화한 흡입 요인으로 작용하였다. 이미 1920년대부터 구읍성 일대는 통치 기능 외에 금융, 상업, 교육, 교통 기능의 중심지이자 새로운 도시 문제의 발원지로서 이전과는 다른 새로운 공간성을 갖게 된다. 이와 같이 일제강점기 동안의 경관 변형은 기존 거주민(조선인)에 의해서가 아닌 대체 거주민(일본인)을 통해 주도되었고, 결과적으로 그것은 형태와 기능상의 변혁이었음은 물론이고 매우 급격한 사회공간적 재편이었다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

This study aims to identify the rural spatial structure and to establish the planning characteristics based on urban-rural connections strategy of North Korea. For this purpose, they were collected such as documents and drawings including primary data related to rural planning in North Korea, and the rural space were classified into three elements in order to analyze them by the rural planning's point of the view. Unlike generalized capitalist cities, socialist North Korean cities are characterized by the coexistence of urban and rural areas. This distinct feature of the city is also reflected in creating rural space in North Korea. Thus, The urban-rural integration in spatial planning is a key factor in understanding the spatial structure of North Korea. This study firstly examines the characteristics of the county(gun), the administrative and economic unit established in the post-war period, secondly, examines the planning method of town(eup) which can be called the urban center in rural areas, and lastly grasps the planning method of rural village focusing on collectivization and identifies how they are connected to the town for the shake of urban-rural integration. As a result, the characteristics of rural planning in North Korea has revealed that it has a comprehensive rural planning established with the goal of strengthening the self-sufficiency of the rural area by the means of the create of rural spatial hierarchy in the whole country.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.116-128
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• 2006

This study focuses on hydrological changes caused by developments in the 13th, 14th (Motjarigol) district in Eun Pyoung New Town, Seoul on the basis of the Land Use Planning of development plan. Through analyses from the hydrological experiments about rainfall outflow using universal equation and amounts of infiltration through soils, the changes in amounts of overflows were estimated and the results were discussed from a urban ecological point of view. As a result, it has been predicted that the amount of rainfall outflow at post-development was dramatically increased, compared to pre-development. Installing of Derbris Dams and infiltration facilities were suggested as alternative plan to meditigate these changes. If we apply these alternatives, the rainfall outflow would be reduced up to 30% compared to the development plan without BMPs (Best Management Practice). In conclusion, it is proposed that once the ecological principles were considered during development planning process, we can minimize the adverse effects of developments to our environments.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2019

Gwangbok is the best example of the dramatic changes after the 1970s in residential and urban planning as political power shifted from Kim Il-sung to his son. Kim Jong-il. Therefore, despite the limited available data on North Korea, we first attempted to accurately describe the design process used to develop Gwangbok. This study investigated the following aspects of North Korean urban planning by examining Gwangbok. First, we clarified Kim Jong-il's aesthetics, which had a key role in the Gwangbok design. We particularly analysed the ideas expressed in his literary writings. Second, we identified the major ideas of the North Korean architects and urban planners who implemented Kim Jong-il's interventions. Last, we reviewed the Soviet Union's influence on the discourse about North Korean residential and urban planning during the post-Khrushchev era. This analysis improves our understanding of the trends during the 1970s and 1980s in socialist residential construction, which was a relatively flexible and open prefabrication approach.