• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2021

This cross-sectional survey research carried out with the inquisitive agenda on satisfaction of the translation outcomes as performed by human translation and (machine translation) post-editing. The survey group consisted of 166 Korean translators primarily working with the English, Chinese, and Japanese languages. They were asked to rate the satisfactory level with accuracy, fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology in the Richter's scale of four. The result reveals that human translation is more satisfactory than post-editing with respect to accuracy, but it is uneasy to assert that accuracy is unsatisfactory in post-editing. On the other hand, the Korean translators are less satisfied with fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology than accuracy. It can be assumed that although human translation is more satisfactory than post-editing, the accuracy of post-editing seems to be more acknowledged than fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology, which lead the translators to take the accuracy of raw machine-translation products and to go on to improve the fluency, idiomatic expression, and terminology. Nevertheless, Korean translators believe Korean idiomatic expressions cannot be satisfactorily produced in post-editing, while fluency and terminology can be improved in post-editing.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2020

제 4차 산업혁명 시대에 포스트휴먼적 존재들의 등장은 인간중심적인 근대 휴머니즘에서 탈피하여 인간 아닌 존재들과의 새로운 관계에 대한 성찰의 필요하다는 인식론적 변화를 야기했다. 이러한 성찰을 위해서 주변 세계를 공감하고 이해할 수 있는 포스트휴먼 감수성이 요구되며, 이러한 감수성 함양을 위해 포스트휴먼 시대를 사유하고 경험할 수 있는 미술작품 사례를 포스트휴머니즘 연구자인 브라이도티가 제시한 '동물-되기', '지구-되기', '기계-되기' 기준을 바탕으로 분석하여 제시하였다. 미술작품은 시대정신을 반영하고 있기에 포스트휴먼 시대를 성찰하고 체험해 볼 수 있는 텍스트라는 긍정적인 측면을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 포스트휴먼 감수성 함양을 위해 미술교육에서 활용할 수 있는 미술작품들을 제시하여 기초연구로서 의의가 있다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.9-32
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• 2019

이 논문은 '감정 기계' 모티프를 설정함으로써, 우리 시대의 포스트 휴먼 현상이 매우 오래된 이야기 속 피조물들과 긴밀하게 연결되어 있으며, 인문학과 기술 문명, 동양과 서양의 문화적 역사적 경계를 넘어서 공유되는 인류의 보편적이면서도 지적인 상상력에 기반하고 있음에 주목했다. 신화 속 이야기에 등장하는 인간을 닮은 피조물들, 기술 문명 시대의 정교한 기계 장치를 통해 공포와 두려움을 불러일으켰던 기계 인간들, 디지털 기술 혁명 속에서 초월적인 형상과 능력을 갖게 된 포스트 휴먼들을 살펴봄으로써, 각각의 시대에 감정기계에 느꼈던 감수성과 인간다움의 조건을 밝히고자 했다. 그 과정에서 인간과 자연, 기계의 경계가 모호함을 이해하고, 인간중심적 인문학의 한계를 넘어, 21세기 포스트휴먼 시대 인간과 자연, 기계의 공존에 대해 음미해 보았다.

• 영미문화
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-162
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• 2017

Ruth Ozeki(Japanese-American female novelist)?s recent novel, A Tale for the Time Being (2013) draws our attention because the fiction shows very interesting fictional experiments, especially in terms of post-humanism. Indeed, the novel is not a science fiction at all which has been, and still is, the typical fictional field employed in the discussion for the transhumanism and posthumanism. It also does not include any cybogs, robots, or aliens which provoke the posthumanism-related issues like mind/body, human/nonhuman, nature/culture relations. Indeed, it seems "merely" represent realistic day-to-day lives of ordinary people living in contemporary Japan and Canada, and in very minute and particular details at that. Indeed, the central action of the main characters of the novel seems very traditional, that is on the one hand writing a diary by a teenage girl who is counting the days and weeks before her suicide and on the other hand reading it by a female novelist who happens to find her diary several years later. Nevertheless, I would like to suggest that underneath this traditional narrative surface are simmering post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews beyond liberal Humanism which takes human beings to be exceptional against human or non-human others. Not only in narrative contents and characterizations but also through narrative structure and strategies, the novel enacts post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews which are interestingly drawn from both age-old Buddhist ideas and modern eco-philosophy and quantum physics. I would like to stress that what triggers the author's fictional experiments helping our rethinking and redefining "what human beings are" and "what the relation between humans and nonhumans" is not merely intellectual interests but her keen and passionate response to the heart-breaking pains and sufferings of human and nonhuman beings caused by the contemporary natural-artificial catastrophes and techno-scientific predicaments.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.866-876
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• 2011

We find ourselves living in a post-human era when technology and images coexist with humans. A cyborg, a combination of an organic body and a machine could be called a human fused with a machine. It could be understood as a new species where humans and machines have combined rather than simple protoplasm or an organic body. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a concept of a body in post humanism era is finding expression in fashion illustration through cyborg images. The concepts of post humanism and cyborg are analysed by means of research into literature and characteristics in which cyborg images as post humans are expressed through art, and images of a cyborg body in fashion illustration and their meanings are explored with the foregoing as a framework of reference. Cyborg image reflects new images and concept of a human in post humanism. The cyborg body images in fashion illustration are expressed through the addition of mechanical images, digital virtual body, monster image by means of hybrid combination, distorted physical transformation and fragmented body and body absence. And cyborg image in fashion illustration shows the extension of body concepts through the technology and uncertain and ambiguous identity.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제25_2집
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• pp.103-136
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• 2015

The theory of post-heaven provided Korea's many emerging national religions with spiritual ground. The I Ching originated in China emphasizes the principles of change or static aspects of world, while Right I Ching, which Il-Bu Kim suggested, underlines dynamic aspects of world. Il-Bu Kim is perceived to open a new stage in the history of philosophy of I Ching in this regard. His most remarkable contribution is the view of Great Opening Era of Post-Heaven, according to which the clock of cosmos shows the era of great change from Pre-Heaven to Post-Heaven and in the world of Post-Heaven everything will take its proper place. As to human society, Il-Bu Kim foresaw the change from disharmony to harmony, imbalance to balance and era of xiaoren to that of junzi. The advent of such a new world, however, asks human's moral revolution as a prerequisite. In the tradition of East Asian thought, human is the center of the Samjae, Heaven-Earth-Human and the only being which could participate in the growth of Heaven and Earth. Without the change of human mind, however, human can neither participate in the growth of Heaven and Earth nor expect the right change of Heaven and Earth. Even though the world of nature changes according to the principle of cosmic harmony, as the Right I Ching predicts, the real change of Heaven and Earth can be achieved only with moral change of human. The human in the Right I Ching is a free man who sticks to nothing and communicates with cosmos with empty mind. This is the very image of perfect man(至人). The perfect man in the Right I Ching is the main agent of everything, that's to say, the main agent of the great opening to Post-Heaven Era. This is the reason why most leaders of Koran emerging religions concentrate on the change of human. In this regard, Jeung-San Kang encouraged people to become the perfect man through the purification of mind and body and the great opening of inner man, depending on the metaphysical principle of the Right I Ching. Cheok and Resolution of grievances for the mutual beneficence of all life are what he suggested as a method of the great opening of inner man. Such a view is based on the thought that the accumulated sinful behaviors are obstacles to cosmic change and the time of mutual beneficience opens with the removal of the obstacles. If such religious practices are so effective, as Jeung-San Kang says, that future world could consist of perfect men who have achived the great opening of inner man, moral change, and change of consciousness, we could expect that the activities of xiaoren will be shrinked and junzi will be welcomed, as the Right I Ching predicts.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.287-299
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• 2002

Post-modernism exists with different shapes in overall cultural phenomena. Among the creative methods of composing post-modernism, there are representation, parody, plural coding, trans avant-garde etc. Summing up the influence of creative method of post-modernism on modem fashion led to the following results. 1. The phenomenon appears that value and valuelessness are easily reversed, and things with historical and traditional meanings are being ignored. 2. The boundary between higher culture and public culture is being disorganized, and mixed imitation phenomenon ignoring the differences between male and female is emerging 3. The mental and historial aspects in fashion pattern are highly thought of and the trend to understand human body from the various angles emerges. 4. In the consumer-oriented society, it appears in the form of meanings to achieve the self-achievement in individual life, to express one's idea and desire in the esthetical point of views. 5. It shows that through arranging the striking things and the distorted things, it takes the compromised method of re-appreciating the existing ideas. The phenomena in the post-modernism occurring in fashion design forced the concept of the uniformed existing fashion to be changed, creating a various fashions. That can just be called the dehumanization trend in the era of post-modernism, which is the most important formative feature in modern fashion.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to study characters' make-up coordination that changes the narrative of the fantasy movies to a visual fantasy, especially it focuses on the post-modern features from the works of Tim Burton, a post-modernist. The contents of the study are, firstly, studying post-modernism that influenced the works of Tim Burton, secondly, researching (1988), (1989), (1990), (1992), (2003) and (2005) and their main characters' make-up design. Thirdly, analyzing the otherness and plural-code that are the post-modern characteristics expressed on characters' make-up coordination of fantasy movies. The otherness means the division of the middle and the surroundings and the rise of the outsiders. Fantasy characters that scares off human such as ghosts, aliens, apes, kidults, mutations, man-made men are in the middle. The plural-code takes the symbolic and pluralistic dimension in to the movie, mixes the sign system, and which natural and supernatural system cross over. In the movies, Beetle Juice who was both ghost and devil expresses life and death, Bat man, Cat woman, Penguin man expresses human and animal, and Edward means human and inhuman. Willy Wonka's makeup makes him look younger, but his grown-up-like clothes show doubleness. For that matter, make-up coordination is the mirror of reflection of period and human being's inner life.