• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.33-46
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this stud was to investigate how the children's perceptions of interpersonal relations(parent, family and peers) and self are related to social preference. The subjects of this study were 625 children of 5th and 6th grade in 4 primary schools in Tajon. Social preference was highly correlated with perceptions of peer and of father. The direct path between boy's perceptions of parent/family and peer ratings of social preference was no longer significant whereas there was a significant path mediated by their perception of self. This suggests that boys and girls' peer representations were established for the role as mediators between parents/ family representations and peer ratings of social preference. In addition negative representations of self and others were found to be associated with increased social impairment and less positive status in the peer groups.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.51-68
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between smoking status, smoking behavior and hardiness in university students in Gangnung City. The subjects were a convenience sample of 315 students. The data were collected by a questionnaire given to the students between May 22 to June 2, 2000. An instrument developed by Akers & Gang(1996) and translated by Sohn, Jung-Nam(1999) was used in this study to measure definition of smoking, differential reinforcement of smoking and smoking behavior. The differential peer association scale developed Krohn et al.(1982) and translated by Sohn, Jung-Nam(1999), and the hardiness scale developed by Pollock(1984) and translated by Suh, Mun-Sa(1988) were also used. The data were analyzed using the SAS/PC+ Program and included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficients. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The smoking rate for university students was 50.5% of which 44.7% started smoking in high school. 2. The mean score for level of hardiness was $3.14{\pm}0.43$ 3. The mean score for smoking behavior was as follows : 1) The mean score for the neutralizing definition was $2.16{\pm}0.57$ 2) The mean score for the negative definition was $2.37{\pm}0.71$ 3) The mean score for the positive differential reinforcement was $1.89{\pm}0.63$ 4) The mean score for the negative differential reinforcement was $2.96{\pm}0.64$ 5) The mean score for the differential peer association was $2.67{\pm}1.05$ 4. The data showed positive correlations between hardiness and the neutralizing definition(r=.1951, P<.001), between hardiness and the positive differential reinforcement(r=.1128, P<.05), between hardiness and the amount of smoking per day(r=.1452, P<.05) between the neutralizing definition and positive differential reinforcement(r=.4212, P<.0001), between the neutralizing definition and differential peer association(r=.1856, P<.001), between the neutralizing definition and age at smoking initiation(r=.1582, P<.05), between the negative definition and negative differential reinforcement(r=.2985, P<.0001), between the positive differential reinforcement and differential peer association(r=.3451, P<.0001), between positive differential reinforcement and the amount of smoking per day(r=.4431, P<.0001), between differential peer association and the duration of smoking(r=.2789, P<.0001), between differential peer association and the amount of smoking per day(r=.5410, P<.0001), between the duration of smoking and the amount of smoking per day(r=.4245, P<.0001). The data showed negative correlations between the neutralizing definition and the negative definition(r=-.2065, P<.001) between the neutralizing definition and negative differential reinforcement(r=-.3943, P<.0001) between the neutralizing definition and duration of smoking(r=-.1957, P<.05), between the negative definition and positive differential reinforcement(r=-.2093, P<.001), between the negative definition and the amount of smoking per day(r=-.2282, P<.001), between positive differential reinforcement and negative differential reinforcement(r=-.5555, P<.0001) between negative differential reinforcement and differential peer association(r=-.3653, P<.0001), between negative differential reinforcement and the amount of smoking per day(r=-.4570, P<.0001), between the age at smoking initiation and the duration of smoking(r=-.4594, P<.0001).

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.833-845
• /
• 2004

This study examines different individual and environmental factors that affect children's self-control. For an analysis, locus of control, perceived competence, and achievement motivation were all included in individual variables. For family variables, mothers' parenting and patents' marriage conflict were examined. For classroom psycho-social environment, teacher support, peer relationship, class involvement, and teachers' supervision were used. The sample consisted of 548 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis: First, locus of control, perceived competence, and achievement motivation had a positive correlation with children's self-control. Second, mothers' affective parenting had a positive correlation with children's self-control. However, mothers' controlling parenting and parents' marriage conflict had a negative correlation with it. Third, teacher support, peer relationship, and class involvement had a positive correlation with children's self-control. In addition, teacher supervision had a positive correlation with girls' self-control. Fourth, class involvement, locus of control, and academic competence were important variables predicting boys' self-control. On the other hand, Class involvement, achievement motivation, academic competence, teacher's supervision, and mothers' controlling parenting were important variables predicting girl's self-control.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to know the relationship between neurologic soft signs (NSS) and clinical variables such as psychopathology. history of illness, and premorbid social adjustment in patients with schizophrenia. The authors evaluated NSS in 31 patients with schizophrenia using the structured tool for measuring neurologic abnormalities, Neurological Evaluation Scale- Korean Version(NES-K). Relationships between NSS and clinical variables such as duration of illness, intensity of precipitating stressors, duration of outpatient treatment, schooling, peer relationship, total duration of unemployment, total days of psychiatric admission, age, total days of being medicated, age at the first psychiatric admission, frequency of admissions, content of treatment, social adjustment, and severity of symptoms were analyzed. Differences between paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics were examined. In addition, Differences between patients with schizophrenia who have predominant positive symptoms and who have predominant negative symptoms were examined too. Total scores of NES-K were correlated with lower schooling (${\gamma}$=0.44, p<0.01). Scores of motor coordination subcategory were correlated with poor peer relationship(${\gamma}$=0.67, p<0.001). Other clinical variables were not correlated with any scores of NES-K. Paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics were not different in scores of NES-K. Also positive and negative schizophrenics were not different in scores of NES-K. Most clinical variables except schooling and peer relationship were not related with NSS. This results indicated that the meaning of these signs was not fully be understood. Introduction of the new classification concepts such as deficit or non-deficit syndrome will be helpful to elucidate the meaning of NSS in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.453-461
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of young children's playfulness between the children's peer competence and their mothers' play beliefs. For this study, 160 mothers and 160 children aged 4-5 years who were in kindergarten and daycare centers in Area J were selected. The collected data were analyzed based on correlation and mediation using SPSS Statistics. The research results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the relationship between the young children's peer competence and playfulness and their mothers' play beliefs, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between a mother's play-support beliefs and their children's peer competence and playfulness. On the other hand, the relationship between a mother's learning-support beliefs and her child's peer competence and playfulness was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between playfulness and peer competence in the young children. Second, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of the children's playfulness in the relationship between their mothers' play-support belief and the children's peer competence, we found that playfulness has a partial mediating role.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2015

The primary purpose of this study was to examine to what extent adolescents' daily self-evaluation mediates the effect of experiencing intimacy in parent-adolescent interactions on positive peer interactions the next day, even after controlling for gender and grade level. We employed a daily diary method for seven days in a sample of 452 Korean adolescents, collecting checklist data at the end of each day. Data were analyzed by using hierarchical linear modeling. According to moderated multilevel mediation analyses, the variance of self-evaluation explained 83% of the variance in the lagged effect of parental intimacy on the next day peer interaction even after the upper-level effects of gender and grade level were accounted for. Forth graders were more likely than 7th graders to have a more positive view of themselves when they experienced parental intimacy the previous day. Girls were less likely to experience positive peer interactions when they perceived less intimacy with their parents the day before. Results suggested that it would be most effective for peer relationship programs to teach parents and adolescents how to experience intimacy in their daily interactions, particularly in ways that help adolescents to think more positively about themselves. It would be helpful for parents to learn about various ways to compliment and encourage the adolescent child in everyday conversations. Lastly, findings in grade level differences also suggest that these programs might be especially effective for 4th graders more than 7th graders.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.52 no.5
• /
• pp.519-528
• /
• 2014

This study explores how the main variables of youth going through a transition period (parents' nurturing behavior, the youth's self-esteem and ego resilience, the peer group relationships) affect the youth's school adjustment. It also analyzes the effects of theses variables on the youth's dependence on cell phones, which are considered a necessity in modern society. This research is verified by using a structure model verification method based on data from the Korean Children Youth Panel Study. According to the research, first, 1st-year students in middle school show better adjustment to their school life and less dependence on cell phones when they have a stronger sense of self-esteem and ego resilience; further, it is revealed that cell phone dependence has an indirect influence on the school life of these children. Second, they tend to show better adjustment to their school life and less dependence on cell phones when their parents' nurturing behaviors are more positive. Third, these children tend to depend more on cell phones when they have a positive peer group relationship, Moreover, cell phone dependence has an indirect influence on their school life. When considering the impact of cell phone to youth in modern society, need to prepare proper training program for correct uses and preventing from addiction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.489-500
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between violence experiences and the professional quality of life for hospital nurses. Methods: The participants for this study were 212 nurses in one general and three special hospitals located in the metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea. Data gathered through October and November 2013 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and $x^2$ test. Results: Nurses experienced verbal violence, physical threats and physical violence more frequently from patients and their families rather than from doctors or peer nurses. Nurse's compassion satisfaction was low when nurses experienced violence from peer nurses. Burnout was high when nurses experienced violence from doctors, peer nurses, patients and their families. Secondary traumatic stress was affected by violence from patients and their families. The professional quality of life of nurses was associated with violence from doctors, peer nurses, patients and their families. Of the nurses, 69.3% answered that formation of a positive organizational culture would be the most effective measure for prevention of violence in hospitals. Conclusion: The formation of positive organizational culture, development of violence intervention policies and education are crucial to improve the professional quality of hospital nurses' life.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.129-146
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the sibling relationship, the attachment to parent and peer according to children's gender, birth order, and sibling gender composition. For this purpose, 697 male and female elementary students answered the questionnaire, who were selected because they had only one sibling. The date were analysed by t-test and partial correlation. The major finding of this study showed that children who had same sex of sibling perceived more positive way to their younger sibling then children who had different sex of sibling and that children who had female sibling perceived more positive way to sibling relationship, attachment to parent and their peers than children who had male sibling.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study examined the relations between maternal meta-emotion philosophy, child interpersonal problem solving, and peer competence among children aged 4-5 and their mothers and teachers. Methods: A total of 54 children from 24 kindergartens were assessed on their interpersonal problem solving and peer competence. Their mothers reported on meta-emotion philosophy. Their teachers were assessed on child peer competence. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows. First, maternal meta-emotion philosophy, child interpersonal problem solving, and child peer competence showed positive correlation patterns. Second, child interpersonal problem solving and peer competence was found to be influenced by maternal child-directed meta-emotion philosophy but not by maternal self-directed meta-emotion philosophy. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of maternal meta-emotion philosophy and that their emotion socialization play a significant role in identifying the mechanisms leading to child social cognitive ability and social adjustment. Furthermore, these results could lead to important basic studies in developing parent/teacher education programs.