• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1036-1048
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• 2021

This study investigated the possible improvement in the antioxidative status and quality characteristics of ready-to-eat (RTE) Samgyetang after adding various black garlic (BG) extracts. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), meat quality indexes, and lipid oxidation rates were measured after receiving one of five different treatments consisting of conventional Samgyetang broth as a negative control, raw garlic (RG) extract as a positive control, BG, oven-dried BG, and maltodextrin-encapsulated BG extract as treatments. Employing retort cooking, fat trimmed carcasses were added to the initially prepared broth together with a phenolic extract that was set at 5% (w/w). A significant intensification of red and yellow color was observed in breast and thigh meat treated with BG extracts, regardless of pretreatment, compared to the negative control and RG. The moisture percentage was affected by the addition of BG extracts, where the encapsulation group retained the highest water content after retorting. In terms of antioxidative status, maltodextrin-encapsulated BG extract was as effective as an oven-dried extract to scavenge free radicals and showed the highest score among samples (p<0.01). The concentration of TFC was found to be the highest and did not differ between encapsulation and oven-dried groups, followed by BG, RG, and the negative control. However, the addition of encapsulated BG extract was the most effective in delaying the formation of malondialdehyde among the samples. Therefore, pre-treatment of BG extract through encapsulation is recommended to develop a higher antioxidative status and quality characteristics of Samgyetang.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.37
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• pp.377-417
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• 2007

This study examines some cognitive development effects of mass media while testing the relations between mass media consumption and academic achievement and intelligence. In this research, students' television, newspaper, and internet consumption behaviors are used as independent variables which include motivations and magnitude of various content categories' and total consumption of those media. Dependent variables are school courses' test scores and eight intelligence scores based on Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory. It was found that media consumption magnitudes of various content categories have the most strong effects on those dependent variables. Each of various media consumption behaviors are found to have different effects according to which variable is dependent. For example, total internet consumption have positive effects on logical-mathematical intelligence but negative effects school achievements. Internet game sight have positive effects on logical-mathematical intelligence but negative effects on musical intelligence. It may be concluded that cognitive development is dependent mainly on what media contents students consume. Media consumption behaviors may have positive effects on some kinds of cognitive development and negative effects on other kinds. In other words, television or internet may have positive effects on academic achievement or intelligence contrary to popular thinking.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2002

Environmental and medium factors were investigated as basic data for optimizing DHA production when using Thraustochytrium aureum. To study the effect of environmental conditions, the rotation speed and culture temperature were changed. Plus the trend of the growth characteristics, lipid content in the biomass, and DHA content in lipids were evaluated according to various initial glucose concentrations. The biomass, lipid, and DHA analyses showed that the physiological characteristics of T. aureum were closely related with the environmental and medium conditions, as in the case of other marine microorganisms. For example, a low rotation speed of 50 rpm lowered the cell growth rate as well as the DHA content in the lipids. A low temperature had a negative effect on the cell growth, yet a positive effect on the lipid content in the biomass. Different initial glucose concentrations had no effect on the lipid content in the biomass or DHA content in the lipids, yet did affect the cell growth. Accordingly, these results show that environmental and medium factors must be synthetically considered in order to optimize DHA production when using T. aureum.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

The influence of sucrose on in vitro growth, chlorophyll content, and rubisco/rubisco activase were studied in tobacco leaves. The most pronounced effect on in vitro growth and the chlorophyll content was found at 4% sucrose. The rubisco content increased with increasing concentrations of sucrose, but a point was reached beyond which the increasing concentrations of sucrose caused an inhibition of this enzyme. The rubisco activity showed patterns of change similar to the rubisco content. These data suggest that sucrose may have an affect on the activation and induction of rubisco and that sucrose can be both a positive effector and negative effector depend on its concentration. The degree of intensity of 55 and 15 kD polypeptides, which were identified as the large and small subunit of rubisco, respectively, by SDS-PAGE analysis at 4% sucrose was significantly higher than that of other treatments, indicating that sucrose had an effect on both subunits. We subsequently examined whether the rubisco content and activity of being induced by sucrose is associated with rubisco activase. The rubisco activase content at 4% sucrose was higher than that of other treatments. A similar change pattern was also observed in the activity of rubisco activase. The intensity of two 52 and 51 kD polypeptide bands at 4% sucrose was higher than that of corresponding bands of other treatments. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of rubisco by sucrose seemed to be caused by rubisco activase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1359-1363
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• 2002

In this paper, changes in the concentration of inosine monophosphate (IMP) of muscles in Taihe Silkies chickens from 2 to 28 weeks of age were studied. The results showed that: (1) with increasing age, IMP content of muscles decreased continuously. (2) the relationship between body weight and IMP content of musculus pectoralis major was significantly negative (p<0.01), so was body weight and IMP content of musculus peronaeus, and their coefficients of correlation were -0.45, -0.38 respectively; the relationship between IMP contents of musculus pectoralis major and that of musculus peronaeus was more significantly positive (p<0.01), and its coefficient of correlation was 0.59. (3) by multiple regression analysis, changes of IMP content of muscles depended on the weeks of age and body weight. (4) from 2 to 28 weeks of age, the heritabilities of IMP content of musculus pectoralis major were calculated between 0.33-0.48, and those of musculus peronaeus were calculated between 0.51-0.69.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2020

Objectives: Capsaicin-containing (CP) pharmacopuncture was developed to treat neuropathic pain. This study was conducted to assess the toxicity of CP extract for pharmacopuncture, using a micronucleus test. Methods: First, a dose range finding study was conducted. Then an in vivo micronucleus test was performed to determine the induction of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells after intramuscular administration of CP twice with a 24-hour interval to 8-week-old ICR mice. A high dose of 0.2 mL/animal was selected, and this was sequentially diluted by applying a geometric ratio of 2 to produce two lower dose levels (0.1 and 0.05 mL/animal). In addition, negative and positive control groups were set up, and an HPLC analysis was conducted to confirm the capsaicin content of CP. Results: The incidence of micro-nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in polychromatic erythrocytes in the CP-treated group was similar to that in the negative-control group, while that in the positive-control group was significantly greater. In addition, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes in the CP treatment group and the positive control group was not significantly different from the negative control group. In the HPLC analysis, capsaicin in the CP was identified through a comparison with the retention time of the capsaicin standard of 27 min. Conclusion: CP did not show any indication of any potential to induce micronuclei formation in bone marrow cells of ICR mice under the conditions of this study. Further toxicity studies are necessary to ensure the safety of the use of CP in clinical practice.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

This study compared the antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content of three Pinus plants (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of the water fraction of methanol extract of fresh leaves was stronger than that of fallen leaves at any concentrations. The water fraction of crude methanol extract from fresh leaves of P. thunbergii showed a higher growth inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria than that of P. densiflora and P. rigida. The results from the disc diffusion method followed by measurements of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) indicate that Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive microorganism with the lowest MIC value. The highest total phenolic content was found in fresh leaves of P. rigida and P. thunbergii. The assay showed that the fresh leaves of the three Pinus plants contained higher total phenolic content than fallen leaves of the three plants. The antimicrobial activity was related with the total phenolic content.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2023

This study aims to find out what tourists' interests and perceptions are like through online big data. Big data for a total of five years from 2018 to 2022 were collected using the Textom program. Sentiment analysis was performed with the collected data. Sentiment analysis expresses the necessity and emotions of city tours in online reviews written by tourists using city tours. The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze keywords representing satisfaction. The sentiment analysis program provided by the big data analysis platform "TEXTOM" was used to study positives and negatives based on sentiment analysis of tourists' online reviews. Sentiment analysis was conducted by collecting reviews related to the city tour. The degree of positive and negative emotions for the city tour was investigated and what emotional words were analyzed for each item. As a result of big data sentiment analysis to examine the emotions and sentiments of tourists about the city tour, 93.8% positive and 6.2% negative, indicating that more than half of the tourists are positively aware. This paper collects tourists' opinions based on the analyzed sentiment analysis, understands the quality characteristics of city tours based on the analysis using the collected data, and sentiment analysis provides important information to the city tour platform for each region.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The fibrous raw materials in packaging-grade paper production in Korea were mainly obtained from waste paper. The use of recycled paper has both positive and negative impacts in papermaking process. The primary positive impacts are the environmental protection and manufacturing cost reduction, and the negative impacts are the quality reduction in paper quality and the accumulation of heavy metals and other pollutants in wet- and dry-end process. This study was carried out to consider the optimum acid decomposition system with the highest recovery rate for the analysis of heavy metals in packaging-grade paper. The open digestion system using Kjeldahl apparatus and the closed digestion system using microwave oven for decomposing the organic materials in paper were compared. In both open and closed digestion method, the combination of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide showed higher recovery rate than using only nitric acid alone because the presence of Cl- ions in hydrochloric acid stabilizes ligand formation with metal ions. KOCC was observed to have the highest heavy metal content among the recycled paper samples. The heavy metal contents decomposed with the closed digestion system were relatively higher than with open digestion system.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe married female migrants' experiences of health care services and to help nursing researchers, nursing educators, and clinical nurses understand married female migrants' experiences. Method: A conventional content analysis method was utilized. Individual in-depth interviews with 15 married female migrants were conducted. Subject recruitment was performed at a district in Seoul. Results: Ten categories were induced: language barrier, financial burden, insufficient time with a physician, complexity of utilization process, lack of support from peer group, health care providers' discrimination, anxiety regarding lack of information about children's health, health care providers' concerns and efforts to minimize the language barrier, family support, and advanced health care service environment. Conclusion: This study provides basic knowledge regarding married female migrants' experiences related to health care services. Future research should designate and utilize valid instruments to measure the positive and negative experiences and to explore strategies to strengthen the positive features while eliminating the negative ones. Finally, the Korean nursing education curriculum should include cultural competence and knowledge about an ethnic minority's right to health service utilization.