• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2759-2764
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• 2014

Aim: This study aims to investigate the manifestation of CT, MRI and dynamic enhanced scans for primary hepatic neuroendocrine cell carcinoma. Methods: CT or MRI arterial and venous phase scan images of 19 cases of pathologically confirmed PHNEC were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 14 cases (73.68%) with single lesion, 5 cases (26.3%) with multiple lesions, with an average diameter of 13.2 cm. Some 12 cases (63.16%) showed inhomogeneous enhancement, seven cases (36.8%) showed homogeneous enhancement, 13 cases (68.4%) demonstrated significant enhancement in the arterial phase, 13 cases (68.4%) had significantly enhanced portal venous phase including 7 cases (36.8 %) with portal venous phase density or signal above the arterial phase and 5 cases (26.3%) with the portal vein density or signal below the arterial phase. Seven cases (36.8%) had continued strengthened separate shadows in the center of the lesion. Thrombosis were not seen in portal veins. Conclusion: CT and MRI images of liver cell neuroendocrine carcinoma have certain characteristics that can provide valuable information for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2008

저자들은 간의 거대 종괴와 심방 중격 결손으로 수술을 받았던 환아에서 복부 CT와 간 조직 검사를 통해 확인된 Abernethy 기형 2형 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.407-411
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• 2014

Objective: To observe local and systemic toxicity after sustained-release 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) implantation in canine peritoneum and para-aortic abdominalis and the changes of drug concentration in the local implanted tissue with time. Methods: 300 mg sustained-release 5-Fu was implanted into canine peritoneum and para-aorta abdominalis. Samples were taken 3, 5, 7 and 10 days after implantation for assessment of changes and systemic reactions. High performance liquid chromatography was applied to detect the drug concentrations of peritoneal tissue at different distances from the implanted site, lymphatic tissue of para-aortic abdominalis, peripheral blood and portal venous blood. Results: 10 days after implantation, the drug concentrations in the peritoneum, lymphatic tissue and portal vein remained relatively high within 5 cm of the implanted site. There appeared inflammatory reaction in the local implanted tissue, but no visible pathological changes such as cell degeneration and necrosis, and systemic reaction like anorexia, nausea, vomiting and fever. Conclusions: Sustained-release 5-Fu implantation in canine peritoneum and para-aortic abdominalis can maintain a relatively high tumour-inhibiting concentration for a longer time in the local implanted area and portal vein, and has mild local and systemic reactions. Besides, it is safe and effective to prevent or treat recurrence of gastrointestinal tumours and liver metastasis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.571-578
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• 1999

This study evaluated the effects of PKC activation using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and PKC inhibition using the isoquinoline sulfomide derivative H-7 on hemodynamics and glucoregulation in the isolated perfused rat liver. Livers were isolated from fed male Holtzman rats and perfused with Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution under a constant flow of 50 ml/min at $35^{\circ}C.$ Portal vein pressure, glucose and lactate concentrations in the medium and oxygen consumption rates were continuously monitored by a Grass polygraph, YSI glucose and lactate monitors, and a YSI oxygen monitor, respectively. PMA at concentration of 2 to 200 nM increased the portal vein pressure, glucose and lactate production, but decreased oxygen consumption rate in a dose-dependent fashion. H-7 $(200\;{\mu}M)$ attenuated PMA (50 nM)-induced vasoconstriction $(15.1{\pm}1.36\;vs\;10.56{\pm}1.17\;mmHg),$ glucose production rate $(91.3{\pm}6.15\;vs\;71.8{\pm}2.50\;{\mu}moles/g/hr),$ lactate production rate $(72.4{\pm}6.82\;vs\;53.6{\pm}4.82\;{\mu}moles/g/hr)$ and oxygen consumption rate $(33.7{\pm}1.41\;vs\;27.9{\pm}1.75\;{\mu}l/g/min).$ The effects of PMA were blocked either by addition of verapamil $(9\;{\mu}M)$ or perfusion with $Ca^{2+}-free$ KRB. These results suggest that the hemodynamic and glucoregulatory changes in the perfused rat liver are mediated by protein kinase C activation and require $Ca^{2+}$ influx from the extracellular fluid.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

To evaluate the effectiveness of central venous catheters(CVCs) in children, 320 CVCs placed in 255 neonate and children over a 10-year period were analyzed retrospectively. CVC was placed by one pediatric surgeon for a total of 6, 116 patients days. Catheters were placed preoperatively for TPN or chemo in 223 cases. CVC was solely for TPN in 57 cases and for chemotherapy in 40. Local anesthesia was utilized in 71 cases, and the general anesthesia was administered in the remainder of the patients. The subclavian vein was catheterized(SCV) in 202 cases(82 infants and neonates), tunneled external jugular venotomy(EJV) was utilized in 38, tunneled internal jugular venotomy(UV) in 2, the facial venotomy(FV) was used in 3, and the umbilical vein was catheterized UVC) with vein transposition in 74 infants. In neonates, 72 UVCs were placed during laparotomy. SCV was increased with ages, from 3 kg of minimal body weight. The average catheter-periods over-all were 19.1 days, SCV 17 days, EJV 40, IJV 60 and UVC 14. Technical complications were; arterial puncture(6), puncture failure(5) and abnormal location(12) in SCV; insertion failure(3) in EJV; abnormal location in the portal vein(4) and the liver parenchyma(2) cystic fluid accumulations in UVC. Twelve migrations(3.8 %) out of position occurred; SCV(2), EJV(1) and UVC(9). There were 4 cases(1.2 %) of catheter obstruction and 11(3.4 %) of catheter infection(3 SCV, 2 EJV and 6 UVC). Rescue procedures were utilized with some success. There was one mortality(0.3 %) due to deep sedation in a 1.06 kg baby during placement of an EJV. The surgeon's experience, proper catheter selection and following safety rules are the most important factors for successful CVCs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 1999

만성 문맥압 항진증에서 관찰되는 과혈류 순환과 말초혈관 이완에 대한 산화질소의 역할을 규명하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 실험동물은 수컷 흰쥐를 이용하여 문맥을 부분결찰하여 문맥 고혈압을 유발시킨 군과 겉보기 수술만을 시행한 대조군으로 구분하고 문맥 고혈압군은 문맥 부분 결찰후 부터 혈역학 측정 전까지 식수를 경구 투여한 식수 투여군과 산화질소 억제제인 $N^{\omega}$-Nitro-L-Arginine(1mg/kg/day)를 경구 투여한 NNA 투여군으로 나누었다. 혈역학적 측정은 수술 2주 후에 시행하였고 $^{51}Cr$과 $^{57}Co$-labeled microspheres를 이용하여 심박출량, 조직 혈류량, 문맥-전신 단락률, 문맥압, 말초혈관 저항 내장혈관 저항 등을 측정하였다. 평균 동맥압은 대조군 $129.3{\pm}9.6mmHg$, 식수 투여군은 $111.3{\pm}5.5mmHg$로 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었고, NNA 투여군은 $128.7{\pm}19.8mmHg$로 식수 투여군에 비해 증가되어 있었다. 심박출량은 대조군의 $105.2{\pm}6.5ml/min$에 비해 식수 투여군에서 $144.2{\pm}17.9ml/min$로 증가되었으며, NNA 투여군은 $89.9{\pm}14.4ml/min$로 식수 투여군에 비해 감소되어 있었다. 전말초 저항은 식수 투여군에서 $6.0{\pm}0.9dyne/sec/cm^5{\times}10^5$로 대조군의 $9.5{\pm}0.8dyne/sec/cm^5{\times}10^5$에 비해 감소되었고, NNA 투여군은 $11.2{\pm}2.1dyne/sec/cm^5{\times}10^5$로 식수 투여군에 비해 증가되어 있었다. 문맥으로 유입되는 혈류량은 대조군 $16.61{\pm}5.03ml/min$, 식수 투여군은 $29.66{\pm}4.27ml/min$로 식수 투여군에서 유의한 증가가 있었으며, NNA 투여군은 $11.43{\pm}2.24ml/min$로 식수 투여군에 비해 감소되어 있었다. 내장혈관 저항은 식수 투여군에서 $2.59{\pm}0.44dyne/sec/cm^5{\times}10^5$로 대조군의 $6.61{\pm}3.08$dyne/sec/$cm^5{\times}10^5$에 비해 감소되었으며, NNA 투여군은 $8.09{\pm}2.04$dyne/sec/$cm^5{\times}10^5$로 식수 투여군에 비해 증가되어 있었다. 문맥-전선 단락율은 대조군의 $1.35{\pm}0.42%$ 에 비해 식수 투여군은 $95.42{\pm}2.73%$로 증가되었으며, NNA 투여군은 $73.36{\pm}17.67%$로 식수 투여군보다 감소되어 있었다. 문맥압은 대조군 $7.94{\pm}1.29mmHg$, 식수 투여군 $17.16{\pm}3.17mmHg$, NNA 투여군은 $16.67{\pm}2.24mmHg$로 대조군에 비해 식수 투여군과 NNA 투여군에서 증가되었으나, 양군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 문맥 저항은 NNA 투여군에서 $12.23{\pm}3.93dyne/sec/cm^5{\times}10^5$로 식수 투여군의 $4.74{\pm}1.20yne/sec/cm^5{\times}10^5$에 비해 증가되었다. 결론적으로 문맥의 부분결찰로 유도된 만성 문맥압 항진 쥐에서 산화질소 합성 억제제인 NNA를 투여할 경우 문맥압의 변화 없이 동맥압의 증가, 심박출량의 감소, 내장 및 전신 혈관 저항의 증가 등이 유발되었다. 이상의 결과를 고려해 볼 때 만성 문맥압 항진증시 관찰되는 과혈류 순환의 형성에 산화질소가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1987

Changes in cholinesterase (ChE) activity, electrophoretic pattern of ChE and histopathologic state on the mice serum, brain and liver by administration of organophos-phorous insecticides were studied. The mice ChE activities on serum, brain and liver decreased by increasing of concentration and time both administration of malathion and DDVP, whereas on serum and brain the activities of the 7 days after administration decreased, and then presented the gradually slight recovery in course of time. The ChE on serum and liver showed many isozyme bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but several on brain. And isozyme bands disappeared and diffused by administration of organophosphorous insecticides and development of time. The mice liver with administration group of malathion on histopathologic test showed midzonal necrosis between central vein and portal area, and with administration group of DDVP mainly presented portal necrosis on location of potal area.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 1997

Adult male ICR mice were exposed to methylmercuric chloride (CH$_3$HgCI) through drinking water for 80 days. The distribution of mercury in the kidney, liver, spleen and cerebellum of the mouse was examined according to a autometallographic silver-enhancement technique based on a physical development process which renders mercury deposit visible. Grains of mercury traces were located in the proximal convoluted tubules. Lesser staining of the grains was seen in the collecting tubules of medulla. The glomerular basement membrane was void. In the liver, mercury accumulations were present primarily in the hepatocytes around portal area containing interlobular bile duct, artery and portal vein. Also grains of mercury traces were accumulated in the white pulp of the spleen and Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the antitoxic effect of Oenanthe javanica extracts on orally administered mercury compound. Adult male ICR mice were exposed to methylmercuric chloride (CH3HgCl)through drinking water. The control, mercury treated and Oenanthe javanica treated groups not showed significant differences in mean body and organ weights of mice. The distribution of mercury in the cerebellum, kidney, liver and spleen of the mouse were examined according to a histochemical mathod. Grains of mercury traces were located in the purkinje cell and granular layers of the cerebellum and cortex of kidney respectively. Lesser staining of the grains was seen in the collecting tubules of medulla. in the liver, mercury accumulations were present primarily in the hepatocytes around portal area containing interlobular bile duct, artery and portal vein. Also grains of mercury traces were accumulated in the white pulp of the spleen. In the group of Oenanthe javanica extracts, staining intensity of mercury was decreased in the Purkinje cell layer of cerebellum and in the portal area of liver respectively. Staining patterns in kidney and spleen of extracts group were similar to that of only mercury treated group.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1983

가토의 문맥 절편에서 비 코린성-비 아드레나린성 이완반응에 대한 약리학적 성질을 규명하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 가토 문맥 절편에 있어서 비 코린성-비 아드레나린성 전기자극반응은 자극빈도의 증가에 따라 예민하게 증가하였으며, $Ca^{++}$에 이하여 크게 영향을 받았고, $Ca^{++}$농도를 달리하고 ATP를 첨가하여 이완반응은 일어났으나 이는 전극자극에 의한 반응에는 영향을 주지 아니하였다. 2) ATP, ADT 및 adenosine에 대한 반응은 용량에 의존하여 이완반응은 보였으나 자극에 의한 반응에는 크게 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 3) Quinine과 isobutyl-methyl xanthine을 투여하였을 때 용량에 따라 긴장도의 하강을 나타내었을 뿐 이완반응은 길항하지 아니하였다. 4) 4-AP, $1{\mu}g/ml$존재하에서 전기자극에 대한 이완반응 폭은 서서히 증가하였고 대량의 4-AP에 의하여 는 긴장도가 하강하였다. 5) 4-AP반복투여후의 전기자극에 이한 반응은 대조군과 비교하여 큰 변화가 없었으나, adenosine을 반복투여하였을 때는 대조군에 비하여 증가를 나타내었다. 6) $^3H-purine$의 유출은 전기자극에 의하여는 경미하나 ATP나 adenosine투여로 현저히 증가하였으며, 4-AP, TTX 및 adenosine 반복투여후에도 $^3H-efflux$의 변동을 나타내지 아니하였다.