• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1473-1477
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• 2007

Four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 3 (FHL3) is a member of the LIM protein superfamily and can participate in mediating protein-protein interaction by binding one another through their LIM domains. In this study, the 5'- and 3'- cDNA ends were characterized by RACE (Rapid Amplification of the cDNA Ends) methodology in combination with in silico cloning based on the partial cDNA sequence obtained. Bioinformatics analysis showed FHL3 protein contained four LIM domains and four LIM zinc-binding domains. In silico mapping assigned this gene to the gene cluster MTF1-INPP5B-SF3A3-FHL3-CGI-94 on pig chromosome 6 where several QTL affecting intramuscular fat and eye muscle area had previously been identified. Transcription of the FHL3 gene was detected in spleen, liver, kidney, small intestine, skeletal muscle, fat and stomach, with the greatest expression in skeletal muscle. The A/G polymorphism in exon II was significantly associated with birth weight, average daily gain before weaning, drip loss rate, water holding capacity and intramuscular fat in a Landrace-derived pig population. Together, the present study provided the useful information for further studies to determine the roles of FHL3 gene in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell growth and differentiation in pigs.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2020

Abdominal organs are the most vulnerable body parts under vehicle trauma, and there is high mortality from acute injuries in accidents. There are various ways to reduce this high mortality; one method is Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta, which has recently become very popular as a minimally invasive alternative in the emergent management of patients with non-compressible hemorrhages below the diaphragm. However, high safety factor for patients is applied in actual clinical practice because there is no exact standard for the operating time. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the mechanical behavior of organ tissues for the duodenum, kidney, and liver on the operating time of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta is investigated in order to obtain data needed to establish standards of operating time. In characteristic analysis of organ tissues, uniaxial tensile test and compression test are conducted according to the operating time.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Objective: To compare Octopus multipurpose (MP) electrodes, which are capable of saline instillation and direct tissue temperature measurement, and conventional electrodes for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in porcine livers in vivo. Materials and Methods: Sixteen pigs were used in this study. In the first experiment, RFA was performed in the liver for 6 minutes using Octopus MP electrodes (n = 15 ablation zones) and conventional electrodes (n = 12 ablation zones) to investigate the effect of saline instillation. The ablation energy, electrical impedance, and ablation volume of the two electrodes were compared. In the second experiment, RFA was performed near the gallbladder (GB) and colon using Octopus MP electrodes (n = 12 ablation zones for each) with direct tissue temperature monitoring and conventional electrodes (n = 11 ablation zones for each). RFA was discontinued when the temperature increased to > 60℃ in the Octopus MP electrode group, whereas RFA was performed for a total of 6 minutes in the conventional electrode group. Thermal injury was assessed and compared between the two groups by pathological examination. Results: In the first experiment, the ablation volume and total energy delivered in the Octopus MP electrode group were significantly larger than those in the conventional electrode group (15.7 ± 4.26 cm³ vs. 12.5 ± 2.14 cm³, p = 0.027; 5.48 ± 0.49 Kcal vs. 5.04 ± 0.49 Kcal, p = 0.029). In the second experiment, thermal injury to the GB and colon was less frequently noted in the Octopus MP electrode group than that in the conventional electrode group (16.7% [2/12] vs. 90.9% [10/11] for GB and 8.3% [1/12] vs. 90.9% [10/11] for colon, p < 0.001 for all). The total energy delivered around the GB (2.65 ± 1.07 Kcal vs. 5.04 ± 0.66 Kcal) and colon (2.58 ± 0.57 Kcal vs. 5.17 ± 0.90 Kcal) were significantly lower in the Octopus MP electrode group than that in the conventional electrode group (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion: RFA using the Octopus MP electrodes induced a larger ablation volume and resulted in less thermal injury to the adjacent organs compared with conventional electrodes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to produce polyclonal antibody to adipocyte plasma membrane (APM) proteins isolated from pig, and to investigate its tissue specificity. Plasma membrane proteins from adipocyte, brain, heart, kidney, liver and spleen were isolated using a self-forming Percoll gradient. Sheep (40kg) was immunized three times at three week interval with the purified APM proteins. Blood was taken from non-immunized sheep (NS) and from immunized sheep at 10 (AS-1), 12 (AS-2), and 14 (AS-3) days after the third immunization. Antisera titers and cross-reactivity against other tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antisera reacted strongly to APM proteins showing detectable amounts of antibody at 1：81,000 dilution. And antisera showed much stronger reactivity to APM proteins than any other tissue plasma membrane proteins. Furthermore, tissue specificity of antisera against APM was reconfirmed by immunoblotting using anti-sheep immunoglobulin G-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as a secondary antibody Antisera to APM proteins showed adipocyte specificity compared with other tissues. In conclusion, polyclonal antibody against APM proteins isolated from pig was developed successfully in our laboratory, and these antisera showed tissue specificity with APM.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.372-376
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• 2012

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Ischemia-reperfusion is an important cause of acute kidney injury. This study was performed to ascertain clinically useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of AKI. In three miniature pigs, AKI were induced by 60 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia by the clamping renal artery. Blood and urine samples were collected from the pigs prior to clamping (baseline) and 0, 1, 3 and 5 days post-clamping. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium and uric acid were measured in serum and urine samples. Fractional excretion of sodium ($FE_{Na}$) and fractional excretion of uric acid ($FE_{UA}$) were calculated. Also, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were detected by Western immunoblotting. Serum BUN and creatinine levels were increased significantly at day 1 post-clamping in all three miniature pigs. However, $FE_{Na}$ and $FE_{UA}$ showed marked individual differences. Western immunoblotting revealed significantly increased levels of IL-6, IL-18, L-FABP and GST in post-ischemic urine, compared to pre-clamping. While more research concerning the variance of $FE_{Na}$ and $FE_{UA}$ is needed, serum BUN, creatinine, IL-6, IL-18, L-FABP and GST may be sensitive urine biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI together with other biomarkers in the porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2016

Glycan modification is important in pharmaceutical industry. Especially, sialic acid affects the bioactivity and stability of medicine. Milk of pig has been used as bioreactor to produce various pharmaceutical proteins. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the glycan chain in pig mammary grand. β-1,4-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase A (pMGAT4A) is one of the essential enzymes for increase of sialic acid content, but pig MGAT4A is unclear. In this study, the pMGAT4A was identified and characterized. The pMGAT4A has 1638 nucleotides encoding 535 amino acids and type II membrane topology, which is one of the common features in many glycosyltransferases. The gene was strongly expressed in liver and mammary gland, whereas was weakly expressed in small intestine, stomach and bladder. For functional test, HA-tagged MGAT4A was over-expressed in porcine kidney (PK-15) cell line. Forced expression of pMGAT4A gene was identified by qPCR, and we identified that pMGAT4A is located in Golgi complex by co- staining with HA antibody and BODIPY TR ceramide. In addition, we identified the increase of mannose-β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine structure by ELISA and immunofluorescence using Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA), which recognizes mannose-β-1,4-Nacetylglucosamine. Through the specific activity analysis, we showed that pMGAT4A modified bi-antennary to tri-antennary. This event affects sialic acid content. Therefore, we thought that over-expression of pMGAT4A will be necessary in pig mammary grand for improved medicine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The structure of glycan residues attached to glycoproteins can influence the biological activity, stability, and safety of pharmaceutical proteins delivered from transgenic pig milk. The production of therapeutic glycoprotein in transgenic livestock animals is limited, as the glycosylation of mammary gland cells and the production of glycoproteins with the desired homogeneous glycoform remain a challenge. The ${\beta}$-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminylatransferase1 (B3GNT1) gene is an important enzyme that attaches N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to galactose (Gal) residues for protein glycosylation; however, there is limited information about pig glycosyltransferases. Therefore, we cloned the pig B3GNT1 (pB3GNT1) and investigated its functional properties that could attach N-acetylglucosamine to galactose residue. Using several different primers, a partial pB3GNT1 mRNA sequence containing the full open reading frame (ORF) was isolated from liver tissue. The ORF of pB3GNT1 contained 1,248 nucleotides and encoded 415 amino acid residues. Organ-dependent expression of the pB3GNT1 gene was confirmed in various organs from adult and juvenile pigs. The pB3GNT1 mRNA expression level was high in the muscles of the heart and small intestine but was lower in the lungs. For functional characterization of pB3GNT1, we established a stable expression of the pB3GNT1 gene in the porcine kidney cell line (PK-15). As a result, it was suggested that the glycosylation pattern of pB3GNT1 expression in PK-15 cells did not affect the total sialic acid level but increased the poly N-acetyllactosamine level. The results of this study can be used to produce glycoproteins with improved properties and therapeutic potential for the generation of desired glycosylation using transgenic pigs as bioreactors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.828-834
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• 2012

The present study has been conducted to investigate the effects of feeding seleniferous whole crop barley (WCB) to finishing pigs on their growth performance, blood and carcass characteristics as well as on tissue selenium deposition. A total of 40 cross-bred barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) were allotted to five replicates of four treatments. Each replicate was arranged to 2 pigs per pen; the experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. The finishing pigs were fed diets containing 0.1 (non-seleniferous WCB as a control), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of selenium (Se) by supplementing the diets with seleniferous WCB. The isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 5% non-seleniferous or seleniferous WCB were formulated. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect (p<0.05) the feed intake and BW gain. Total blood lipid concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing Se levels. Total blood cholesterol concentration for the control was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for 0.4 and 0.6 ppm of Se treatments. Increasing the Se levels in WCB significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood triglyceride concentration; however, the levels increased immunoglobulin G and selenium concentrations. Feeding seleniferous WCB did not affect the carcass rate, backfat thickness and meat quality as well as yield grades. The Se concentration in the kidney, liver and loin were significantly (p<0.05) increased with increasing levels of seleniferous WCB. The results indicated that feeding seleniferous WCB may improve the blood characteristics related to lipid metabolism and thus, could produce selenium-fortified pork. Moreover, it is shown that the dietary optimal selenium level to depose selenium in porcine tissues by utilizing seleniferous WCB would be 0.4 mg of Se/kg of ration. Moreover, when 100 g of pork produced from pigs raised under such condition is served to consumers, it meets the minimum recommended daily requirements (40 ${\mu}g$) of dietary selenium proposed by the World Health Organization (1996).