• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.95-95
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• 2003

Inositol은 세포의증식 및 정보전달과정에 관여하는 phosphatidylinositol (PI)의 구성성분으로서 중요한 세포내 기능을 수행한다. P1는 세포내에서 특이적 인산화효소에 의하여 Pl4-phosphate(PIP), Pl4,5-phosphate($PIP_2$)로 변환되며 PIP$_2$는 phospholipase C(PLC)에 의하여 세포내 second messengers인 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG)와 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate ($IP_3$)로 변환된다. 이렇게 생산된 DAG와 IP3는 각각 protein kinase C의 활성과 $Ca^{2++}$의 동원에 관여하여 다양한 세포내 신호전달에 관여하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 또한 mouse에서 $IP_3$의 작용에 의한 $Ca^{2++}$의 상승은 난모세포의 성숙분열이 촉진되고 돼지 난포세포에 있어서도 PI대사가 일어나고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 돼지 미성숙 난모세포의 성숙과 단위발생에 미치는 inositol의 영향을 확인하기 위하여 실시하였다. inositol의 농도가 난포란의 성숙에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 난포란을 각각 $150 \mu mole$, $250 \mu mole$, $350 \mu mole$, inositol을 포함하는 Whitten's 배양액에서 44시간 성숙시킨 결과 $93.57 \pm 4.21, 93.91 \pm 2.71, 92.96 \pm 3.58%$가 성숙되어 대조구의 $87.10 \pm 4.21$보다 유의적(P<0.05)으로 차이를 나타내었다. 난포란의 등급에 따른 inositol의 영향을 확인하기 위하여 형태적으로 난구세포가 치밀한 난포란과 난구세포가 치밀하지 않은 난포란을 $250 \mu mole$ inositol을 포함하는 Whitten's 배양액에서 성숙을 유도한 결과 난구세포가 치밀한 난포란과 난구세포가 치밀하지 않은 난포란에서 inositol을 첨가하였을 때 성숙율은 각각 $95.35 \pm 2.22와 63.55 \pm 8.12$로 inositol을 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다($89.21 \pm 3.69와 48.56 \pm 8.99$) 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 난구세포가 inositol에 의한 성숙에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 난구세포를 제거한 난포란을 inositol을 포함하는 배지에서 성숙을 유도한 결과 inositol을 첨가하지 않은 처리구보다 양호한 성숙율을 보였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2003

호장근에서 분리한 emodin은 VEGF로 유도된 혈관신생의 한 단계인 혈관내피세포의 이동을 강하게 억제하였다. 또한 emodin은 혈관내피세포 이동을 억제시킨 $0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 시험관내 혈관신생을 억제하였으며, 그 효과는 농도의존적인 양상을 보였다. 생체내 혈관신생 모델인 CAM assay에서도 emodin은 혈관신생을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 emodin이 현재까지 보고된 여러 가지 생리활성 이외에 혈관신생 억제활성을 가지고 있다는 사실을 보여주는 것이다. 따라서 emodin을 함유하고 있는 호장근은 혈관신생 관련 질환에 대한 천연물 유래 치료제의 개발을 위한 중요한 식물자원으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.26-26
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• 2003

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-binding sites have been shown the diagnostic potential fur assessment of sperm maturity, which is related to male fertility. This study was designed to evaluate chromosomal patterns in porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with non- or HA-binding sperm (HABS). For binding of sperm with HA, sperm incubated in 10 ${mu}ell$ drop containing HA (0.8 mg/ml)-agarose (0.8%) mixture for 15 min. IVF and ICSI with non- or HA-bound sperm examined with matured oocytes at 44 hr after in vitro maturation. Embryos were cultured in 50 ${mu}ell$ of NCSU 23 containing 0.5% BSA for 5 days and then in 50 ${mu}ell$ of NCSU 23 containing 10% FBS for 2 days. For the evaluation of chromosomal aneuploidies, chromosome 1 sub-metacentric specific probe was used in sperm and embryos by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The frequency of aneuploidy sperm for chromosome 1 was 6.25%. The significant differences following IVF and ICSI with non- or HA-bound sperm were not observed in blastocyst formation rates (18.6, 23.5, and 23.8%) and cell number (61.8 $\pm$ 12.5, 55.5 $\pm$ 7.3, and 59.3 $\pm$ 9.6). Moreover, the percentage of diploidy in 4-cell stage embryos was 57.1% (IVF), 68.8% (ICSI), and 76.3% (ICSI-HABS). These results suggest that HA-binding sites may be a material for selection of normal sperm for ICSI. Therefore HA selection of normal sperm may be reduce the loss to embryonic mortality prior to embryo transfer in pig.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2008

Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of failure of in vitro storage of boar semen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the important mediators of oxidative stress during in vitro storage of boar semen. Our study examined the effects of taurine on sperm characteristic and on in vitro developmental embryos during in vitro storage of boar semen for 7 days. Semen was randomly aliquoted into 3 centrifuge tubes and treated with different concentrations of taurine (25-100 mM). The characteristics of boar sperm were analyzed for motility by light microscopy, viability by using a Makler counting chamber and membrane integrity by a hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). The percentages of motile spermatozoa in taurine groups after 5 days were significantly higher compared to the control. Sperm viability in the control was lower than in taurine groups after 7 days irrespective of different taurine concentration. In the hyoosmotic swelling test (HOST), significantly higher results were obtained in taurine groups after 3 days. Also, the developmental rates of IVM/IVF porcine embryos from semen treated with pyruvate and taurine were significantly increased when compared with the control (p<0.05). These results indicate that supplementation of taurine as an antioxidant in boar semen extender can improve the semen quality.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

Change in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) is an essential event for egg activation and further development. $Ca^{2+}$ ion is originated from intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-store via inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor and/or $Ca^{2+}$ influx via $Ca^{2+}$ channel. This study was performed to investigate whether changes in $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) activity affect $Ca^{2+}$ influx during artificial egg activation with ethanol using $Ca^{2+}$ monitoring system and whole-cell patch clamp technique. Under $Ca^{2+}$ ion-omitted condition, $Ca^{2+}$-oscillation was stopped within 30 min post microinjection of porcine sperm factor, and ethanol-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase was reduced. To investigate the role of CaM KII known as an integrator of $Ca^{2+}$- oscillation during mammalian egg fertilization, CaM KII activity was tested with a specific inhibitor KN-93. In the eggs treated with KN-93, ethanol failed to induce egg activation. In addition, KN-93 inhibited inward $Ca^{2+}$ current ($I_{Ca}$) in a time-dependent manner in whole-cell configuration. Immunostaining data showed that the voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels were distributed along the plasma membrane of mouse egg and 2-cell embryo. From these results, we suggest that $Ca^{2+}$ influx during fertilization might be controlled by CaM KII activity.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.108-108
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• 2003

The purpose of this is to investigate the effects of vitrification in open pulled straws (OPS) on in vitro survival of porcine embryos. Blastocysts were produced by in vitro fertilization of slaughterhouse-derived, in vitro matured oocytes with frozen-thawed boar semen, and subsequent culture on granulosa cell monolayer. After frozen-thawing, embryos were culture in NCSU-23 medium with 5 mM hypotaurine, 4 mg/$m\ell$ BSA and 10 ng/$m\ell$ for 48 hrs to survival tests. When blastocysts were frozen-thawed by OPS methods, the embryos with normal morphology were 32.1, 34.5 and 38.9 % in early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded blastocyat stages. The rates of partial damaged embryos were significantly (P<0.05) higher in early biastocysts than expanded blastocysts. In another experiment, the embryos frozen by OPS methods were cultured for 48 hrs for survival and developmental rates in vitro. The proportions of embryos hatched were 11.8, 20.2 and 33.3% in embryos frozen-thawed at stages of early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded embryos. On the other hand, The proportions of embryo with normal morphology after culture were 23.5, 25.0 and 33.3% in embryos frozen-thawed at stages of early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded embryos. These finding indicate the possible broader application for OPS methods that this procedure described is relatively harmless, that it can be used for blastocysts of different developmental stages.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2023

The efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) in pigs is low and requires enhancement. We identified the most efficient method for zona pellucida (ZP) removal and blastomere aggregation in pigs and investigated whether the aggregation of NT and parthenogenetic activation (PA) of blastomeres could reduce embryonic apoptosis and improve the quality of NT-derived embryos by investigating. Embryonic developmental competence after ZP removal using acid Tyrode's solution or protease (pronase E). The embryonic developmental potential of NT-derived blastomeres was also investigated using well-of-the-well or phytohemagglutinin-L. We analyzed apoptosis in aggregate-derived blastocysts. The aggregation rate of protease-treated embryos was lower than that of Tyrode's solution-treated embryos (69.2% vs. 88.3%). No significant difference was observed between phytohemagglutinin-L and well-of-the-well (35.7%-38.5%). However, 2P1N showed a higher number of blastocysts compared to 3N (73.8% vs. 24.3%) and an increased blastocyst diameter compared to the control and 1P2N (274 ㎛ vs. 230-234 ㎛). In blastomeres aggregated using phytohemagglutinin-L, the apoptotic cell ratio was significantly higher in 1P2N and 3N than in 3P (5.91%-6.46% vs. 2.94%, respectively). Our results indicate that aggregation of one NT embryo with two PA embryos improved the rate of blastocysts with increased blastocyst diameter.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2005

본 연구는 돼지 난포란의 vitrification 동결 시 내동제의 종류 및 농도가 생존율에 미치는 영향과 수정 후 체외발생율을 조사하고자 수행하였다. 1.0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 난포란을 vitirfication 동결보존 후의 MII로의 발생율은 각각 $56.7\%,\;53.3\%,\; 63.3\%,\;65.0\%$였으며, diploid로의 발생율은 $23.3\%,\;18.3\%,\;10.0\%,\;3.3\%$로서 대조군의 ME 단계의 $78.2\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났으며 diploid 단계의 $5.5\%$에 비해서는 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 체외발생율은 초기의 미숙 난포란일수록 높은 체외성숙율을 나타냈다. 2. 미성숙 난포란을 회수 후 0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 난포란을 vitirfication 동결 후 융해하였을 때 생존율은 각각 $34.0\%,\;26.0\%,\;18.0\%,\; 12.0\%,\;10.0\%$로서 비동결 난포란의 $60.0\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났지만 비교적 양호한 생존율을 나타냈다. 3. 0, 15, 30 및 40시간 성숙 배양시킨 미성숙 난포란을 vitrification 동결 융해 후 수정시켰을 때 체외수정율은 $60.0\%,\;54.0\%,\; 48.0\%,\;38.0\%$였으며, 배반포로의 체외발생율은 각각 $26.0\%,\;18.0\%,\; 8.0\%,\;4.0\%$로서 비동결 대조군의 $78.0\%$와 $38.0\%$에 비해 낮은 체외수정율과 체외발생율을 나타냈다. 4. 돼지 난포란을 EDS와 ETS 액으로 vitrifiestion 동결운해 후 $0\~15$ 시간 배양한 다음 체외수정시켰을 때 체외 수정율과 발생율은 각각 $50.0\%,\;22.0\%$ 및 $46.0\%,\;18.0\%$로서 대조군의 $74.0\%$와 $38.0\%$에 비해 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.61-61
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• 2001

The main goal of this study was to produce transgenic piglets by the method of injection of sperm-mediated exogenous DNA. Spermatozoa (1$\times$106 sperm of final concentration) obtained from caudal epididymis were mixed with pBC1-hEPO (20 ng/${mu}ell$) or pcDNA3 LAC Z (20 ng/${mu}ell$), and followed by electroporation (500 V, 25 ㎌). Matured oocytes having the first polar body and dense cytoplasm were selected and centrifuged at 12,000g for 6 min. After sperm injection, the oocytes were activated electrically (1.7 ㎸/cm, 30 $\mu$ sec, single pulse) in 0.3 M mannitol solution. Eggs injected sperm were cultured in NCSU 23 medium (0.4% BSA) at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 192 h. This study were comprised 3 experiments. Experiment 1 compared the developmental efficiencies between the sperm-injected oocytes (Group 1) and further activated electrically (Group 2). Experiment 2 compared the expression of pcDNA3 LAC Z in the embryos produced by Group 1 and Group 2. Finally, experiment 3 carried out transfer of embryos (1-8 cell stage) transfected with pBC1 -hEPO into surrogate recipients synchronized by injection of combination of PG600 with hCG. The rates of cleavage and development into blastocyst stage in Group 2 were significantly higher than those of Group 1 (71.3% and 28.1% vs. 43.3% and 10.3%, respectively, p<0.05). Thirty (24.2%) out of 124 embryos analyzed in Group 2 were positive by X-gal. Similarly, in Group 1, 16.3% (8/49) were positive. After transfer of 789 embryos to 7 recipient gilts, three out of them examined by ultrasound became pregnant. One recipient is in day 50 pregnancy. On day 54 of gestation, two were carried out uterotomy in order to confirm the pregnancy One had 7 and another had 2 fetuses. We conclude that injection of sperm-mediated gene transfer will be used as a valuable tool for the production of transgenic piglets.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2004

본 연구는 체외 성숙액인 TCM-199 배지를 기초로 무혈청첨가물인 PVA, PVP 및 pFF의 한정배지를 이용하여 돼지 미성숙난자의 체외성숙, 수정 및 배양 후 난자의 수정율과 배발달에 미치는 영향과 나아가 BSA 대체물로서의 이용 가능성을 알아보았다. 1. 무혈청 첨가물을 이용하여 난포란의 체외 성숙을 유기한 결과 PVA, PVP, pFF, BSA의 전체 분할율은 각각 82.4%, 78.6%, 89.4%, 90.0%로 나타났으며, GV, MI-MII율은 PVA 첨가시 각각 15.1%, 84.9%, PVP는 각각 26.5%, 73.5%, pFF는 각각 11.8%, 88.2%, BSA는 각각 11.1%, 88.9%로 PVA 혹은 pFF 첨가시에는 모두 BSA와 유사한 결과를 보였으나 PVP와는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다 (P<0.05). 2. 체외 성숙된 난자를 수정시킨 후의 배발달율을 확인한 결과 전체 난할율은 PVA가 73%, PVP는 64.1% , pFF가 77.2%, BSA가 73%로 PVA와 pFF는 BSA와 유사하게 나타났으나, PVP는 그 발달율이 다른 처리군 들과 비교하여 유의적(P<0.05)으로 낮은 결과를 보였다. 3. 각 처리구간의 morulae와 blastocyst의 합을 비교한 결과 체외성숙 첨가물 중 PVA와 pFF는 각각 63%, 69%로 BSA(65%)와 유사한 결과를 나타내었으나 PVP는 54%로 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 4. 전체 성숙율과 수정율을 비교해 본 결과 성숙 율은 PVA, pFF, BSA가 82.4%, 89.4%, 90.0%인 반면 PVP는 72.4%로 유의적으로(P<0.05) 낮은 결과를 보였고, 수정율은 pFF, BSA가 각각 87.1%, 89.1%로 PVA, PVP의 78.0%, 70.6%에 비해 각각 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높았다. 이상의 연구결과 돼지 난자의 체외성숙 및 배양 배지에 있어 PVA, pFF 첨가는 BSA 대체물로서 이용이 가능하나 PVP는 그 이용에 제한이 따를 것으로 판단된다.