• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1103-1118
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• 2009

유한모집단의 평균 또는 합계를 추정하고자 하는 경우 모집단 단위들의 배열순서는 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본 논문에서는 표집률의 역수가 짝수이고 표본 크기가 홀수인 경우 선형추세를 갖는 모집단의 평균 또는 합계를 추정하기 위한 두 가지의 방법을 제시하였다. 첫째 방법은 Singh 등(1968)의 변형계통표집을 일반화한 방법으로 표본을 뽑은 뒤, 추정량을 정하는 과정에서 보간법을 사용한 것이며, 둘째 방법은 변형계통표집으로 표본을 뽑은 뒤, 회귀추정법으로 모수를 추정하는 것이다. Cochran (1946)의 무한초모집단 모형에 근거를 둔 기대평균제곱오차를 기준으로 하여 기존의 방법들과 제시된 방법들을 비교하였으며, 제시된 두 방법 간의 상호 비교도 시행하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.591-599
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• 2024

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2018

The Wintering Waterbird Census of Korea was started in 1999 and monitors 200 major migratory sites in South Korea. Waterfowl counts have been undertaken for more than 20 years since; however, a limited number of studies have analyzed the temporal patterns of waterfowl population. In this study, we analyzed population size changes of wintering whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) at 112 monitoring sites from 2001 to 2018. The average number of whooper swans was $4,296{\pm}42.66$ and there was a trend for an increase in population size across the survey period. We found that the population in the Nakdong River Estuary, one of the major wintering sites over 18 years (26.22% of the national population), had rapidly decreased (-0.77% per year). Conversely, the whooper swan population in the Junam Reservoir and Sihwa Lake increased (+1.64%, +0.54% per year, respectively). Estuaries showed the highest dominance of whooper swans among the five different habitat types, accounting for 32.13% of the population. Reservoir/lakes had 30.60% of the total population and reclaimed lakes(18.24%), river (13.11%), and coast (5.93%) followed. The annual distribution of the whooper swan population in South Korea has been affected by various habitat conditions resulting from human activities and urbanization. To better understand the complex factors that can cause rapid changes in wintering waterfowl populations, it is necessary to integrate the data from the bird census program with environmental conditions to conduct in-depth pattern analyses over longer time periods.

• 대기
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2007

This study investigates urbanization effect in warming trend of surface air temperature over Korea. The data used in this study consist of the daily minimum and maximum temperatures during the period of 32 years(1968-1999) from 16 stations of KMA. To calculate magnitude and trend of urbanization effect, stations were classified into urban and rural stations using population statistics. Urban stations were defined as those with population densities greater than 1000 persons per kilometer squared in 1995. The others were defined as rural stations. The urban stations were also subdivided into two groups according to their population totals. For estimates of urban effect magnitude, temperature change was calculated by comparing 16-year mean values between 1968-83 and 1984-99. Then, the difference between each urban station and every rural station was calculated. During the analysis period of 32 years, maximum temperature increase is $1.22^{\circ}C$. In the total temperature increase, urban effect is estimated by 28.7%. For minimum temperature, it becomes larger by about 10% than that in maximum temperature. Therefore, urban effect in an increasing trend of minimum temperature is 38.9% in the change of $1.13^{\circ}C$.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the trend of overseas school health indicators and to investigate indicators comparable internationally. Methods: Using the key words, school, health, indicators and policy through formal literature and web sites, the resources were used after the completeness of resources such as the presence of author, year published and place, and reproducibility was evaluated. Results: In overseas, the interest of school health indicators has increased gradually since 1960. Quality indicators as well as quantitative indicators are important as the good school health indicators. The overseas school health indicators have been very comprehensive, not only including students, but also including the expanded population such as school personnel, parents, family and community, process and outcomes, policies, social and cultural environment. The trend of school health research is from traditional issue-based to indicatorbased which makes comprehensive interpretation including development of school health service and life satisfaction. Among internationally comparable indicators, Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) and Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were chiefly for students' health and behavior level, and the School Health Service Survey (SHS) was for school health service personnel and policy. Conclusion: Characteristics of overseas school health indicators were expanded population, and comprehensive and internationally comparable indicators. Therefore, Korea school health indicators need to be comprehensive using expanded population and qualitative indicators, and consider standardized indicators comparable internationally.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.411-421
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• 2017

온대지역에서 동면박쥐에 대한 분포와 생태정보는 대상 종의 보전 및 서식지 보호 관리의 효율성을 높인다. 본 연구에서 멸종위기종인 붉은박쥐 개체군 경향 분석과 생태적 요구 조건을 파악하여 보호 관리 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 2007년부터 2016년까지 조사를 수행한 결과, 전국 58개의 동면처에서 붉은박쥐 570개체가 확인되었다. 붉은박쥐가 이용한 동면처의 유형은 자연동굴에 비해 폐광산이 많았으며, 폐광산에서 보다 더 많은 붉은박쥐 개체가 동면하는 것이 확인되었다. 붉은박쥐의 동면처는 평균 $12.13{\sim}15.07^{\circ}C$의 온도와 92% 이상의 습도가 동면기간 동안 안정되게 유지되었다. 장기적인 모니터링 자료를 바탕으로 멸종위기종인 붉은박쥐의 개체군의 변화를 평가하기 위하여 TRIM을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 붉은박쥐 개체군의 변화는 안정적인 것으로 평가되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 일부 동면처 사례를 통하여 동면처의 구조 및 환경 변화로 인한 붉은박쥐 개체수가 급감되는 사실을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 장기 모니터링 결과에 근거한 개체군 경향분석 결과와 현장 사례를 분석을 통하여 멸종위기종인 붉은박쥐의 보전 및 서식지 보호 관리 방향을 제시한다. 따라서 멸종위기종인 붉은박쥐의 서식지 보호 관리 방안은 방향은 종의 온도 선호도 및 서식지 환경이 변화되지 않도록 유지하는 것과 서식지 내 인위적인 간섭요인을 차단하는 것은 중요 사항이 될 것이다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1085-1096
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• 2009

환자-대조군 연관성 연구에서 후보 유전자와 질병이 연관되어 있지 않더라도 인구집단 층화로 인해 가짜 연관성이 발생할 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 일배체형에 기초한 환자-대조군 연관성 연구에서 인구집단 층화로 인한 가짜 연관성을 해결하기 위한 방법으로, Zaykin 등 (2002)이 제안한 일배체형 경향성 모형에 인구집단 층화에 대한 정보를 추가하고자 한다. Zaykin 등 (2002)의 모형과 제안한 모형에 기초한 일배체형의 유의성 검정에서 인구집단 층화와 인구집단에 대한 관측 오차가 제1종 오류율에 미치는 영향을 모의실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 인구집단이 층화되어 있지만 각 개체가 속한 인구집단을 정확히 알 수 있을 때, Zaykin 등 (2002)의 모형에 기초한 검정은 제1종 오류율을 잘 조절하지 못했지만 본 연구에서 제안한 모형에 기초한 검정은 제1종 오류율을 잘 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 인구집단이 층화되어 있고 관측 오차가 존재하면 제안한 모형에 기초한 검정도 제1종 오류율을 조절하지 못하고 명목 유의수준보다 큰 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 단일염기다형성에 기초한 환자-대조군 연관성 연구와 마찬가지로 일배체형에 기초한 환자-대조군 연관성 연구에서도 인구집단 층화에 대한 정보를 갖고 있다할지라도 그 속에 관측 오차가 존재하면 위양성을 피하기 어렵다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

In this paper, Yates' end corrections method is centralized to estimate the mean of a population which has a linear trend in the case of k (the reciprocal of the sampling fraction) even. The efficiency of the resultant method is compared with that of existing methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.416-421
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• 1997

The effect of imported young bulls on the genetic progress was examined in the Holstein dairy cattle population in Japan. The effect of the difference of mean genetic merit between imported and domestic young bulls ("genetic difference") was recognized on the genetic progress of the domestic animals in the early stage of selection. On the other hand, the genetic progress of domestic animals were remarkably influenced by the genetic trend of imported young bulls ("genetic trend") in the later stage. Import of young bulls originated from high genetic level of young bulls originated from high genetic level population improved the genetic progress of domestic population. But, the increase of the immigration ratio of imported young bulls ("immigration ratio") did not influence linearly on the progress of the genetic merit of domestic animals. Even if "immigration ratio" was 100%, the genetic merit of domestic animals could not overcome the one of imported young bulls. In the later stage of selection, the genetic merit of domestic animals ran parallel to those of imported young bulls.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5257-5260
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• 2015

Rates based on age-adjusted incidence of colorectal cancers over a 10-year period in Kerman, the biggest province of Iran, were estimated from 2003 to 2013. Data were obtained from the population-based cancer registry unit of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (CR-KMU). Information included age, sex, city, ICD-O and year of registry. Our trend analyses cover 3.91% of the Iranian population. The data set comprised cases diagnosed from 2003 to 2013.The population of over 20 years was interpolated using 2003 and 2010 censuses. Then, truncated age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Increase was noted from 2003-2009 to 2010-2013 for 731 cancer cases considered in the analysis. The increases was most prominent in 2009. Totally, the frequency of the cancer was greater in males. Moreover, calculating truncated age-adjusted incidence rate indicated that the most prevalent age of colorectal incidence was in the 50-59 year age group except in 2007-2008 and 2012- 2013, when greatest incidences occurred in people aged 60-69 years. Our data revealed that the incidence rates of colorectal cancer have increased over the past decade in our region of Iran.