• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2014

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) is widespread symbiont forming mutualistic relationship with plant root in terrestrial forest in ecosystem. They provide improved absorption of nutrient and water, and enhance the resistance against plant pathogen or polluted soil, therefore AM fungi are important for survival and maintaining of individual or community of plant. For last decade, many studies about the functional variation of AM fungi on host plant growth response were showed that different geographic isolates, even same species, have different effect on host plant. However, little was known about functional variation of AM fungal isolates originated single population, which provide important insight about intraspecific diversity of AMF and their role in forest ecosystem. In this study, four AM fungal isolates of Rhizophagus clarus were cultured in vitro using transformed carrot (Daucus carota) root and they showed the difference between isolates in ontogenic characteristics such as spore density and hyphal length. The plant growth response by mycorrhizas were measured also. After 20 weeks from inoculation of these isolates to host plants, dry weight, Root:Shoot ratio, colonization rates and N, P concentration of host plant showed host plant was affected differently by AM fungal isolates. This results suggest that AM fungi have high diversity in their functionality in intraspecific level, even in same population.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.618-624
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• 1995

In order to evaluate the acceptability of Korea and Codex maximum residue limits (MRLs), theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) by Korean population was calculated from MRL and food factor and compared with acceptable daily intake (ADI). The percent ratio of TMDI to ADI for 105 pesticides whose MRL was established in Korea was mostly below 80% and 13 pesticides exceeded the ADI. Among 82 pesticides with Codex MRL, 20 items exceeded the ADI. The main causes of exceeding the ADI according to Korea or Codex MRLs were pointed out for 22 items and it was needed to set measures to assure a safety margin.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

The reasons for studying the case of Japan are as follows. First, the increases in the aged population is similar to the case of Korea, and consumers are aging as the population ages. Second, the structure of industry in Japan is very similar to Korea, which describes the fact that the share of the manufacturing industry decreases but the service industry (e.g., medicine, finance, and insurance) increases. Third, Japan is considered as the best predictive model for forecasting the future of closed schools in Korea because the GNI gross income per capita is relatively close to the one of Korea among the several neighboring countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current extent of utilizing closed schools in Japan and, based on the analysis, to provide basic data on the use of closed schools in Korea in the future. The types of closed schools can be classified into education facilities, social welfare facilities, cultural facilities, public sports facilities, income growing facilities, and others. Based on the classification, the analyses of the characteristics of each type for the facilities are presented. and When the utilization status of closed schools in Japan is analyzed, 363 schools were utilized (51.4%) in 2003, means the lowest utilization rate of the target year, after that 4198 schools (70.6%) were utilized in 2015. The utilization ratio is steady increased.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2019

Athletic performance is a complex multifactorial trait involving genetic and environmental factors. The heritability of an athlete status was reported to be about 70% in a twin study, and at least 155 genetic markers are known to be related with athlete status. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential proteins for oxidative phosphorylation, which is related to aerobic capacity. Thus, mtDNA is a candidate marker for determining physical performance. Recent studies have suggested that polymorphisms of mtDNA are associated with athlete status and/or physical performance in various populations. Therefore, we analyzed mtDNA haplogroups to assess their association with the physical performance of Korean population. The 20 mtDNA haplogroups were determined using the SNaPshot assay. Our result showed a significant association of the haplogroup F with athlete status (odds ratio, 3.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.094 to 8.464; p = 0.012). Athletes with haplogroup F ($60.64{\pm}3.04$) also demonstrated a higher Sargent jump than athletes with other haplogroups ($54.28{\pm}1.23$) (p = 0.041). Thus, our data imply that haplogroup F may play a crucial role in the physical performance of Korean athletes. Functional studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to further substantiate these findings.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the current status of traffic accident victims who were transported by 119 ambulances within the administrative district of Chungnam province and provide essential data for accident prevention. Methods: The pre-hospital care records of patients who called the 119 emergency service in 2019 were obtained from the Chungnam Fire Department. Data pertaining to 13,663 traffic accident victims who were transported to hospitals were analyzed. Results: Patients in those aged ≥60 years accounted for 49.8% of the total cases. In patients aged ≥80 years(n=2,154), motor cycle accidents were highest as 28.3%. In addition, cultivator (n=135) and buggy car (n=79) accident victims were the highest in aged ≥80 years as 66.7% and 67.1%, respectively. Traffic accident victims-population ratio in Chungnam was 0.65%, wherein 2.03% included population aged ≥80 years. Conclusion: It was clear that accidents varied across administrative districts depending on the age group of population distribution. Thus, safety measures for preventing motorcycle, cultivator, and buggy car accidents are necessary for areas with many older people aged ≥80 years.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.023-036
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• 2023

Global food prices have skyrocketed due to international uncertainties such as COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian War. In this context, the importance of rural areas as a source of food production is also rapidly increasing. However, the issue of regional extinction is emerging as Korea faces the world's lowest fertility rate and fastest aging population. Also, rural areas are losing their population more rapidly than large cities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that can encourage the influx of fishermen to prevent the disappearance of these fishing villages. As a result of the analysis, in order to prevent the disappearance of fishing villages, among the infrastructure, natural environment, and residential environment variables, the ratio of aged housing related to quality of life, culture and amenities coefficients were found to have a greater impact than other variables. Based on these results, it is judged that it is necessary to establish a sufficient level of infrastructure in fishing villages and to prioritize policies for improving the residential environment.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

To study entering and exiting routes of male and female Hynobius leechii to a breeding site and staying time of them within the breeding site, we monitored a breeding population located in the research forests of Kangwon National University. The breeding site was surrounded by a drift fence associated with nine pitfall traps. The breeding season of this population was about one month, from 16 March to 13 April, 2005. Breeding males arrived earlier at the breeding pond than females did. The operational sex ratio (OSR), defined as the ratio of males to females which are ready to mate, over a breeding season was female-biased as 0.67 male vs 1 female (57 males vs 87 females), but daily OSRs, OSR in a particular day, within the breeding pond were male-biased with $1.36\sim7.5$ male vs f female in six days out of seven investigated days. While breeding males stayed in the breeding pond for about 11 days, breeding females left the pond as soon as they completed oviposition. However, the females stayed at terrestrial areas near the pond for about seven days before completely leaving the breeding site. Entering and exiting routes to the breeding site were different between males and females, and between ovulated and oviposited females. Both males and females arrived earlier at the breeding site stayed longer within the site. Males stayed longer within the breeding site lost more body weight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Due to difficulty of marriage with women in Korea, unmarried men in countryside tend to have an international marriage. A ratio of international marriage was 3.7% in 2004, but increased by over 10% in 2004 due to the change of population composition in countryside. Without social or national preparation on a multicultural family and an increase of elder who lives alone made problems such as changes of population composition in countryside, a high rate of divorce due to differences on culture and society. These problems are becoming critical problems in countryside, not only for a family. This Study has a purpose as below, Firstly, this study will examine living place of elder who live alone and multicultural families. Secondly, characteristics of using each space will be analyzed and then surveyed efficiency and satisfaction. The result of survey will be provided to space planning for improvement of living standard. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The characteristics of the surveyed households, the elderly ratio of 70 to 80 units high, and when the elderly become less than 10 years, 51.6%, 77.4% of women were overwhelmingly high. The characteristics of multicultural families in the in the middle or early 2000s when immigration is concentrated and national origin in Vietnam was 66.7 %. Housing characteristics of households with elderly housing type, the ratio improved to 61.3% is Majority. Type strain and 29% in traditional houses, traditional housing type is 9.7%. And house of multicultural families improve housing type is 87.5% Majority. The main space of the housing for the elderly, most are usually satisfied. But generally low level of self-determined housing survey confers real. These results have lived a long time because of space adaptation and can be viewed as attachment. For the elderly passive use of space and simplify the Act and heating cooling at the expense of the use of housing space due to the reduction, but multicultural families is the space required for the growth of their children because there are more modifications required.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2017

Objective: The aims of this study were to measure and compare the facial dimensions of the Miss Korea pageant contestants and a selected group of women from the general population by using three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, as well as to compare various facial ratios to the golden ratio within each group. Methods: Three-dimensional images of 52 Miss Korea pageant contestants (MK group) and 41 young female adults selected from the general population (GP group) were acquired. Fifty-four variables and ratios were measured and calculated. Intergroup comparisons were performed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Compared to the GP group, the MK group showed greater total facial height and eye width, lesser lower-facial height, and lesser facial, lower-facial, and nasal widths. Moreover, compared to the GP group, the MK group had more protruded noses with greater nasolabial angle, greater vertical curvature of the foreheads, lesser horizontal curvature of the cheek, and lesser lower-lip-and-chin volume. Conclusions: The MK group had longer faces but smaller lower lips and chins than did the GP group. The golden ratio was not matching the current facial esthetic standards. These data might be beneficial for treatment planning of patients undergoing orthognathic and plastic surgeries.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.26-40
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• 2018

The aim of this research is to analyze factors affecting bicycle accidents using the PLS structural equation. Accident types in this study were categorized into total accidents, serious injuries including death, and light injuries which occurred at nationwide Si Gun Gu. It was found that urbanization was the main factor for bicycle accidents through the accident models developed in this study. Population, ratio of economically active population, density of intersections, ratio of urbanized area, commercial and industrial land-uses, number of drive license holders, number of education institutions, number of parks were the main factors causing bicycle accidents. Besides, length of bicycle roads, number of bicycles, and ratio of bicycle as mode choice also increased bicycle accidents.