• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2019

Recently, the city development policies are being switched to the policies focusing on recession worldwide. Even though South Korea is also facing the phenomena that small and medium-sized cities are downsized because of a decrease in population and an aging society problem, there is lack of solutions and even they are still planning city development policies based on prospect of high growth. This study is featuring 4 viewpoints depending on shrinking population trend in 7 small and medium sized local cities, which are chosen as downsized cities. It is dealing with population peak, current population, 2030 population, and 2040 population viewpoints. And this study uses downsizing simulation that suggests optimum area that fits population and then shows visual check of the status of the small and medium sized local cities. The area of the small and medium sized local cities are expanded more than needs when they are on population peak point. However, they need only 20% to 25% of current area in 2030 and 2040. The most important thing is realizing the seriousness and facing up to the 'shrinking' phenomena that each small and medium-sized cities suffer. Therefore, this study has significance for presenting the status of small and medium-sized cities' problems in South Korea.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.773-797
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• 2010

Recent years, being advanced the phenomena of fewness and aging rapidly in rural areas, rural community has been collapsed fastly. This study is aimed for two intentions: the one is identification of the actual conditions of rural diminishing in population, and the other is having a view of real picture of it in future. The major result of this study is summarized as follows. First, as a result of the rural area's shrinking for a long time advanced, the rural community has grown to under the minimum autogenesis level. Futher more this study have a look out in ten years later that rural community will diminish in population to 42% size compared with now, and the number of elder than 80 years old occupy a half of total population in a standard case. Such a consequence of this study implies no doubt that the rural development policy must lay a stress to cope with a serious situation of rural scantiness. And policy conversion calls for having a new understanding of this situation first.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2005

In bioengineering field, current academic trends and informations on crystallization technology for bioproduct separation were summarized. It is essential for utilizing the crystallization technology to understand the fundamental phenomena of crystallization of crystal nucleation, crystal growth, crystal agglomeration and population balance for the design of crystallizers. In general, the crystal nucleation that the crystalline solids occur from the solution is analyzed by Gibb's free energy change in the aspect of thermodynamics and in the present paper the crystal nucleation models based on the above thermodynamics are summarized by their key characteristics. The crystal growth and agglomeration, which have been studied over 50 years and are essential phenomena for separation technology, are reviewed from their basic concept to most leading edge trend of researches. In the material and population balances for the designs of crystallization separation process, the analysis of crystallizers is summarized. Thereon, the present review paper will academically contribute the understanding the crystallization phenomena and the design of the crystallization separation process.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.268-294
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• 1996

우리나라에서 사회.인구지리학은 다른 전공분야들에 비해 상대적으로 늦게 발달했 다고 할 수 있지만 최근 연구자들의 많은 관심을 끌면서 상당한 연구업적을 누적시키게 되 었으며, 앞으로 지리학의 학문적 발전을 선도할 뿐만 아니라 우리 사회가 당면한 사회공간 적 문제들의 해결에도 크게 기여할 것으로 전망된다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구는 우리나라에 서 1950년대 현대 지리학의 성립이후 사회.인구지리학 발달과정을 살펴보고 앞으로의 발전 전망과 과제를 모색해 보고자 한다. 이러한 연구목적에 따라 본 연구에서는 먼저 사회.인 구지리학의 일반적 개념 및 주요 주제들과 그 발달과정을 개관하고 다음으로 그동안의 연구 성과와 연구동향을 몇 가지 주요 주제, 즉 연구방법론, 도시화와 도시인구현상, 인구이동과 농촌사회생활의 변화, 거주지분화와 도시재개발, 도시사회생활과 지역사회복지 등으로 나누 어서 살펴 보고자 한다. 끝으로 사회.인구지리학의 발전전망과 과제를 간략히 논의하고 있 다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.32-49
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• 1988

The social conditions in Koreas until 1950s were similar to the model phenomena of low level eqilibrium trap which was named by Prof. Nelson, with the continuation of high population growth rate and low economic growth rate. To escape from the trap, Korean government adopted two different policies, one is economic development plans and the other is family planning programs. Theses policies were successful in both increasing the national products and decreasing the population growth rate. In 1985 per capita GNP increased to over two thousand dollars, fertility rate reduced to replacement level(2.1) and unemployment rate was stabilized at 4 percent level. From various prospects, we were successfully escaped from the Malthusian trap and many economists, who studied developed countries, belive that population growth has positive effects on technological progress, economies of scale, specialization, individual attitude on work, and economic growth. Therefore we need to reexamine the anti-natalistic population policy of Korea in this situation.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2004

Mathematics, by its nature, is a creative activity. Creativity can be developed either through considering its intrinsic beauty or by examining the role that it plays in applications to real world problems. Many of the great mathematicians have been vitally interested in applications and gained inspiration in developing new mathematics from the mathematical descriptions of physical phenomena. In this paper we will examine the processes of applying mathematics by looking at how mathematical models are formed and used. Applications from sport, the environment and populations are used as illustrations.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.451-456
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• 2004

The KTX has been launched one month ago and people can travel much faster and further. There are two opinions which are the dispersion and the concentration of metropolitan population. These contrary opinions were disputed against each other before launching KTX. The phenomena of metropolitan population concentration socially made many problems as it was already pointed out on many papers. So accurate prediction is very important. Thus, this study will predict how KTX will affect the dispersion of metropolitan population focused on highly populated Seoul-Pusan Railway. It will achieved by comparing and analysing foreign cases.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2011

GA (Genetic Algorithms) are efficient for searching for global optima but may have some problems such as premature convergence, convergence to local extremum and divergence. These phenomena are related to the evolutionary operators. As population diversity converges to low value, the search ability of a GA decreases and premature convergence or converging to local extremum may occur but population diversity converges to high value, then genetic algorithm may diverge. To guarantee that genetic algorithms converge to the global optima, the genetic operators should be chosen properly. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the selection operator, crossover operator, and mutation operator on convergence properties, and propose the sweeping method of mutation probability and elitist propagation rate to maintain the diversity of the GA's population for getting out of the premature convergence. Results of simulation studies verify the feasibility of using these sweeping operators to avoid premature convergence and convergence to local extrema.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.77-96
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• 2010

Since the mid-1990s, Korea has recorded low population growth rate. Based on the figures provided by the Statistical Korea, Korea may be even confronted with decreasing trends in the total population at the end of 2010s. In addition, Korea may experience the hyper-aged society in the mid-2020s. In the depopulation era, we have to devise alternative urban management policies reflecting low and reversed trends in the urban population. It is almost certain that urban policy-makers have to deal with a new series of urban problems, even jeopardizing the continuity of urban territories. In order to minimize the negative impact derived from depopulated phenomena, they have to develop sound and sustainable urban policy alternatives. This research adopts system dynamics approaches, revealing key factors exerting significant impact on the existing urban management policies. In specific, it pays attention to major causal loops, reinforcing or balancing behavioral.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Korea is the most rapidly aging country in the OECD countries, becoming 'an aging society' in 2010, when over 12% of the population had reached the age 65 and beyond. Along with the population aging, problems of the elderly have become a social issue. Also, the elderly population in most farming villages is increasing due to the cityward concentration of younger generation and the rapid urbanization centered around the capital area. Yet no definite success in revitalization of these villages has been reported despite the acknowledgement of the problems arising from such phenomena. Therefore, by examining "marginal villages" (communities whose joint social activities are difficult to maintain as over 50% of the population is 65 years or older) in Japan, which at this point has entered "the ultra-aged society" before Korea, this study intends to compare and analyze the countermeasure plans for the population decrease in these villages. The case study has been done with the focus on the literary references published in Japan such as papers, various reports, statistics, newspapers, and journals.