• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2020

Filipendula glaberrima (FG) is a plant endemic to South Korea. It is economically important as a food source and used as a medicine in treating ailments. Filipendula flowers are characterized by the presence of several polyphenolic constituents. The aim of this study is to determine the content of (+)-catechin in Filipendula glaberrima collected from different regions at different flowering stages. High-performance liquid chromatography with a gradient elution system (0.5% acetic acid in water : acetonitrile = 95 : 5 to 0 : 100 for 35 min) was used. A reverse-phase INNO column with UV detection at 278 nm was employed. The results revealed that F. glaberrima from Mt. Odae has the highest (+)-catechin content (10.600 mg/g). Furthermore, its content was the lowest in samples collected during the pre-flowering period and the highest at the early-flowering stage. This study provides a basis in establishing the optimal period and the best region for collecting F. glaberrima with maximized (+)-catechin yield.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.427-434
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• 2009

We collected glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) from the Jollanam-do area (Hwangsan-myeon in Haenam, Jeungdo-myeon in Sinan, and Yeomsan-myeon in Yeonggwang) from June to October 2007, and analyzed levels of total amino acids, free amino acids, and total polyphenolic compounds and electron donating ability and SOD-like activity. The total amino acid content was $3,338.75{\sim}4,491.63\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Haenam, $3,086.48{\sim}3,782.89\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Sinan, and $3,134.3{\sim}4,364.17\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Yeonggwang. Proline was the main free amino acid from June through to September, and the level increased during June, the early period of maturation, and then decreased with further ripening. The total content of free amino acids was $472.75{\sim}1,080.98\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Haenam, $440.46{\sim}621.77\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Sinan, and $387.64{\sim}669.28\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Yeonggwan. Total polyphenolic compound level was $11.1{\sim}15.61\;mg/g$ in the sample from Haenam, $12.71{\sim}21.03\;mg/g$ in the sample from Sinan, and $13.13{\sim}22.28\;mg/g$ in the sample from Yeonggwang. Electron donating ability was 53.8.70.9% in the sample from Haenam, $62.7{\sim}88.8%$ in the sample from Sinan, and $63.0{\sim}72.7%$ in the sample from Yeonggwang. SOD-like activity was $28.7{\sim}41.0%$ in the sample from Haenam, 28.5{\sim}36.5% in the sample from Sinan, and 23.5.39.6% in the sample from Yeonggwang.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2017

This study aims to identify the chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of essential oil, extracted from the leaves of Neolitsea aciculata (Blume) Koidz by the hydrodistillation method. To the end, the chemical composition of N. aciculata leaf oil was firstly analyzed through GC/MS. The major constituents of essential oil were found to be: cis-ocimene (11.00%), trans-ocimene (9.65%), elemol (9.15%), ${\beta}$-elemene (8.75%), germacrene-D (7.55%), trans-caryophyllene (5.90%), ${\gamma}$-elemene (5.40%) and ${\tau}$-muurolol (4.95%). Then, the antioxidant potential of the essential oil was evaluated by the methods of total polyphenolic content (TPC) assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). It was estimated that the total polyphenolic content of the oil was $136.7{\pm}0.13\;mg\;GAE/g$ and the efficient concentration of the oil required to scavenge 50% DPPH radicals ($EC_{50}$ value) was $639.33\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Also, ABTS radical scavenging activity was identified to be concentration dependent, while the FRAP value was $31.21{\pm}0.12\;{\mu}M$ $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O/g$. Such figures, as a result, suggest that the essential oil extracted from the leaves of N. aciculata has its antioxidant activity, which can serve as significant health functional benefits.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

A lactic acid bacterial strain showing fast growth and high acid production in Korean pear puree was isolated from Kimchi. This strain was analyzed by API 50 CHL kit and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and identified as Leuconostoc (Ln.) mesenteroides KACC 91495P. Korean pear puree was fermented using Ln. mesenteroides KACC 91495P strain at $30^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. The changes of pH, titratable acidity and viable cell number during fermentation were investigated. The pH and titratable acidity were reached to pH 3.86 and 1.09% after 18 h fermentation, respectively. The viable cell population of Ln. mesenteroides KACC 91495P was rapidly increased to $2.0{\times}10^9\;CFU/g$ during the 9 h of cultivation. The contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and malic acid were determined to be 0.213, 0.259, and 0.217% after 18 h fermentation, respectively. The content of polyphenolic compounds, known as antioxidants, in pear puree were enhanced by Ln. mesenteroides KACC 91495P cultivation. The level of total polyphenolic compounds was increased to around 140% of initial concentration. When the fermented pear puree was kept at $4^{\circ}C$, pH, titratable acidity and number of viable cells population were nearly maintained for 13 days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 2010

Although fruit grown under sustainable farming conditions is believed to be healthier for humans than is fruit grown by conventional cultivation, little scientific information on the characteristics of fruit produced using these two farming systems is available in Korea. Therefore, weinvestigated fruit quality, total polyphenolic contents, and anti-oxidant activities in 'Niitaka' pears grown under sustainable and conventional farming management systems. Treatmentsincluded use of a chitin compost admixed with liquid chitin fertilizer (plot A), and use of a chitin compost admixed with liquid chitin fertilizer treated by infrared radiation (plot B). Plots C and D used conventional management systems. Fruit qualities at harvest differed between both sustainable plots A and B and the conventional plots C and D. The average values of firmness and total polyphenolic content in fruit harvested from sustainable plots were not significantly greaterthan those of fruit grownin conventional plots, after 60 days of storage. Fruit grown in all plots had low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity at harvest but this increased during storage. Fruit from sustainable plot B showed an increased electron donating ability compared with fruit grown using the other systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the extract yield, total polyphenolic compounds content, electron donating activity (EDA) and nitrite scavenging activity (NSA) of various red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. The water and ethanol extracts showed yields in the ranges of $11.30{\sim}18.93%$ and $3.00{\sim}5.25%$, respectively. Ethanol extract yield was higher than water. In the total polyphenol content, water and ethanol extracts were in the range of $10.22{\pm}1.29{\sim}25.98{\pm}0.55mg/$ and $8.00{\pm}0.57{\sim}33.99{\pm}0.09mg/g$, respectively. Also, nitrite scavenging activities were $70.11{\pm}0.71{\sim}94.07{\pm}0.86%$ and $81.93{\pm}1.77{\sim}99.90{\pm}0.70%$ for water and ethanol extracts, respectively. In the electron donating activity, water extracts showed lower activity than ethanol extracts. The electron donating activity of water extracts was in the range of $0.04{\pm}0.07{\sim}14.31{\pm}0.06%$ while that of NSA of ethanol extracts was $35.48{\pm}0.23{\sim}73.83{\pm}0.04%$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 2007

Total polyphenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin A, C, E, flavonoid and anthocyanin of Rubus coreanus Miquel during maturation were investigated to expand the utilization of Rubus coreanus Miquel as functional food material. Physiological activities of unripened, middle-ripened and ripened fruit of Rubus coreanus Miquel were examined. The ripened fruit included higher contents of total polyphenolic compound compared with those of the other sample groups, unripened and middle-ripened fruit. SOD of unripened, middle-ripened and ripened fruit were 59.15, 80.05 and 95.03%, respectively. Scavenging concentration ($SC_{50}$) of unripened and middle-ripened fruit for 0.4 mM DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) was 2.3 mg/mL by weight, but only 1.6 mg/mL for ripened fruit. The vitamin A content of the Rubus coreanus Miquel was found to be lower as the fruit ripened; however, vitamin E showed the reverse pattern. In addition Rubus coreanus Miquel is a fruit which has a high vitamin C content regardless of maturity. The flavonoid contents of Rubus coreanus Miquel were in order of ripened fruit ($49{\mu}m/mg$)>middle-ripened fruit ($16.4{\mu}m/mg)$>unripened fruit ($15.4{\mu}m/mg$). Also, the contents of anthocyanin in ripened fruit were $394.50{\mu}m/mg$, which were higher than those of middle-ripened ($12.43{\mu}m/mg)$ and unripened fruit ($7.89{\mu}m/mg$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.660-664
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• 2011

We investigated the improvement of the antioxidative activity of black garlic with enzymatic treatment and lactic acid bacteria cultivation conditions. Celluclast, a commercially-available polysaccharide hydrolyase, was selected to obtain high total polyphenol content in a black garlic suspension. A lactic acid bacterial strain showing fast growth and high acid production in a black garlic suspension was isolated from Kimchi. This strain was identified as Lactobacillus pentosus 310-7. Enzymatically hydrolyzed black garlic was fermented using the L. pentosus 310-7 strain at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 hr. The pH and titratable acidity achieved were 4.24 and 0.35%, respectively, after 15 hr fermentation. The viable cell population of L. pentosus 310-7 slowly increased to 7.54 log CFU/g. The polyphenolic compound content, known antioxidants, in black garlic was enhanced with Celluclast treatment and L. pentosus 310-7 cultivation. Total polyphenolic compounds were increased to approximately 60% of the initial concentration, and electron donating ability was also improved, from 39.8 to 65.9%.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Purpose: Oxidative stress was thought to play a critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Many in vivo and in vitro reports explained the possible pathway of human aging. But in therapeutic aspects, there was no clear answers to prevent aging associated with neural diseases. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the Insamyangyung-tang (IYT). Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of IYT in vitro. We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The $IC_{50}$ values were $571.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $202.3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in DPPH and ABTS assay respectively. Total polyphenolic content was 1.05%. In SH-SY5Y culture, IYT significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in post-treatment group, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in co-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in IYT treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the IYT group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of $0.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conclusion: These results showed that IYT has antioxidant and neuroprotectctive effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2009

Purpose: The depression accompanied with menopuase shows the relation with the dopamine secretion. These studies were undertaken to evaluate the anti- oxidative and neuroprotective effects of Bunsimgieum(BSGE) on dopaminergic neurons. Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of BSGE in vitro, We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The DPPH free radical and the ABTS radical cation inhibition activities were increased at a dose dependent manner. Total polyphenolic content was 0.83%. In SH-SY5Y culture, BSGE significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of 10${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, 0.1-200${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$ in post-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in BSGE treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the BSGE group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of 5${\mu}$g/m${\ell}$. Conclusion: These results shows that BSGE has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell. We suggest that BSGE could be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal depression related with the decrease of dopamine.