• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.268-272
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• 2010

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 (AKR1B10) is a member of the NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, and has been considered to be a potential cancer therapeutic target. Total extract from the bark of Rhus verniciflua (Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes)) showed AKR1B10 inhibitory activity. To identify the active compounds from R. verniciflua responsible for AKR1B10 inhibition, nine compounds were isolated via bioactivity-guided isolation and tested for their effects against recombinant human AKR1B10 (rhAKR1B10). Results showed that butein, isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, was most able to inhibit rhAKR1B10. The inhibitory rate of butein against rhAKR1B10 was 42.86% at $1\;{\mu}M$ with an IC50 value of $1.47\;{\mu}M$, and enzyme kinetic analysis revealed its inhibition mode to be uncompetitive.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

Functional foods are of great significance since our society is accelerating into aging. An aging society has many physiological metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, dementia and geriatric diseases. Fundamental treatments for the elderly are almost impossible and the social burden is heavy. If these diseases can be prevented or alleviated by improving dietary habits using functional foods, the significance would be very large. Pomegranate has been found to have 124 different kinds of phytochemicals. Polyphenols have a wide range of protective effects including various physiological metabolic diseases and cancers. It is necessary to develop functional foods such as preservatives and food extenders which can contribute to food safety, required in the food industry, by using such bioactive substances. Pomegranates have been reported to decrease the impact of many serious illnesses. There is a considerable amount of bioactive substances in the peel of a pomegranate, which has potent anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties. Unfortunately, the peel is typically discarded after processing. Despite knowledge regarding the bioactive substances in the pomegranate peel and peel extracts, including their functionality and diversity, the knowledge is not well known by consumers in general. The aim of this study was to review up to date research trends for processing and developing new functional foods by utilizing nutritional functional substances, favourite food materials, and materials for processing food contained in pomegranate peels and pomegranate peel extracts. This study will summarize the data found in pomegranate peel and pomegranate peel extract literature mainly recently published in Science Direct. There are polyphenolic compounds (ellagitannins, punicalagin, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc.) in the fruit peel, making up about 50% of the pomegranate's weight. The polyphenol content of a pomegranate fruit peel is 149.91 mg/g, which is about 100 times higher than the juice. Paying attention to the fact that the ellagitannin content (14.22 mg/g) in the fruit peel is also twice as high as that of the fruit juice and seeds, that confirms the possibility of utilizing the peel as a food ingredient capable of developing new, functional bioactive foods.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 2019

The selection of a suitable solvent is very important when preparing an extract. However, the effect of ethanol solvent concentration in the extraction of sweet wormwood tea has not been reported. Thus, extracts were prepared from sweet wormwood tea using water and various ethanol concentrations, and the phenolic compounds, antioxidants and anti-enzyme activities of the extracts were analyzed. The phenolic acid and flavonoid components differed according to extraction solvent, which also resulted in different antioxidant and antienzyme activities. In particular, flavonoid rhamnetin was not extracted using 80% and 99.5% ethanol and was highest when 60% ethanol was used for extraction. In the case of chlorogenic acid, the highest extraction efficiency was obtained with 80% ethanol. These results suggest the need for research to increase specific extraction efficiency by targeting major compounds that affect physiological activity.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.543-554
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• 2014

Natural plant extract has been the subject of intense research aiming in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of their chemopreventive effects upon various forms of human cancers. The objective of our study was to evaluate the natural antioxidants and anticancer agent potential of Phyllostachys. The chemical composition of steam extract from Phyllostachys was carried out using GC-MS. The steam extract of Phyllostachys was dominated by monoterpenes (62.96% - 71.36%) and sesquiterpenes (23.58% - 33.13%) as the main compounds. The antioxidant activities of the steam extract was determined using a DPPH scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity test systems. Furthermore, the amounts of total phenolics in steam extract were determined spectrometrically The steam extract of P. pubescens and P. bambusoides were presented the high activity (69.4% and 64.0%, respectively.). The steam extract from Pyllostachys species showed a hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of approximately 50.4% - 54.6% when compared to that of the standard gallic acid. The anticancer activities of steam extract were determined using a MTT assay. Assessment of the cytotoxic effect of the steam extract on PC-3 cells showed that the P. bambusoides (20.85%) and P. pubescens (20.41%) were superior in induced cytotoxicity compared with the steam extract of P. nigra var. henonis (1.15%). Findings from this study indicated that steam extract of P. bambusoides and P. pubescens possessed potential as medicinal drug especially in prostate cancer treatment.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

The seeds from two mulberry fruits [Morus alba (MA) and Cudrania tricuspidata (CT)] were examined for their oil content, and fatty acid, phytosterol and tocopherol compositions and contents. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds and biological activity of the two defatted seed residue extracts were also evaluated. Oil contents of MA and CT seeds were 29.36% and 16.69%, respectively, while MeOH extracts of the defatted MA and CT seed residues were 5.10% and 6.22%, respectively. The two seed oils were composed of 81.4 and 74.37% linoleic, 5.75 and 11.39% oleic, 8.40 and 10.18% palmitic acid, and 3.52 and 3.0% stearic acids, and two other minor fatty acids, such as linolenic and arachidic acids. MA seed had higher contents of phytosterols (507.59 mg/100 g of oil), tocopherols (99.64 mg/100 g of oil), and total flavonoid (106.50 mg/100 g of seed) than CT seed, whereas CT seed had higher levels of total polyphenol than MA seed. The MeOH extract of MA seed residue showed higher antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenic activity than that of CT seed residue. trans-Resveratrol (9.62 mg/100 g), quercetin (54.83 mg/100 g), and 4-prenylmoracin (48.70 mg/100 g), were found to be the main polyphenolic components in the MeOH extract of MA seed residue. These results indicate that MA seeds are good sources of essential dietary phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-melanogenic activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.757-761
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• 2002

Proximate composition, phenolic compounds, and amino acid composition of molokhia (Corchorus olitorius) and molecular weight distribution of its mucilage were determined. Concentrations of dietary fibers and protein were 37.4 and 24.4% of the total dry weight, respectively. Mucilage was obtained by extracting dry molokhia leaves with hot water, followed by the addition of 55% ethanol. Although about 50% of the mucilage was lost during the extration, it was still rich in polyphenol compounds. In mucilage, proteins were composed of glutamic acid, glycine, alanin, and aspartic acid, and molecular weight of most polysaccarides ranged from $40,000{\sim}500,000$ daltons based on gel filtration chromatography.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of the extracts of butterbur (Petasites japonicus) derived from different extraction methods were investigated. SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activity differed according to the extraction solvents, showing a greater antioxidant effect with ethanol solvent than that of water. Ethanol extracts of butterbur leaves showed higher SOD-like activity of 96.7% than those of water extracts. The contents of polyphenolic compounds were higher in water extracts than those in ethanol extracts. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds was 223mg/g dry weight for butterbur leaves. EDA of butterbur roots was 61.5% in the water extract and EDA in butterbur leaves was 34.9% in the ethanol extract. The anticancer effects with the extracts of butterbur were experimented by fractionations with different solvents. 41.9% of the growth of stomach cancer cells, SNU-719, were inhibited and also 72.7% of the growth of liver cancer cells, Hep3B, were inhibited by the butanol fractions of butterbur, while not affecting the growth of normal cell, DC 2.4.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

Laver is one of the most consumed edible red algae seaweeds in the genus Porphyra. Laver is primarily prepared in the form of dried, roasted, and seasoned products. We investigated the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of laver products, and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from commercially processed laver products. Significant differences in the concentration of phenolic compounds were found among differently processed laver. The total phenolic content for laver extracts ranged from 10.81 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract to 32.14 mg GAE/g extract, depending on extraction solvent and temperature. Laver extracts contained very few flavonoids (0.55 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts to 1.75 mg catechin equivalent/g extracts). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion scavenging assays were used to determine the radical scavenging capacities of laver extracts. These assays revealed that the processing method and extraction condition affected the antioxidant potentials of laver. Antioxidant activity of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver increased in a concentration-dependent manner ($100{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$). The radical scavenging activities of $37^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ water extracts were lower than that of a $37^{\circ}C$ 70% ethanol extract. The highest radical scavenging capacity was observed in the $37^{\circ}C$ 70% ethanol extracts of dried laver, roasted laver, and seasoned laver. Overall, these results support that notion that laver contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, which may have a positive effect on health.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.485-493
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics and volatile flavor components of Doonuri wine, using freeze concentration. The freeze concentration can increase the sugar concentration in grape juice by reducing its water content. In this study, after eight days od fermentation, the alcohol content of freeze-concentrated Doonuri wines was 12.5~14.1%. The pH of the wine was 3.42~3.50 and the total acid content was 0.68~0.94 g/100 mL, respectively. The brghtness of freeze-concentrated Doonuri wines was 19.28~54.42, the redness was 41.98~49.58, and the yellowness was 36.16~42.36. The organic acid analysis of Doonuri wines was that most of the organic acids contain tartaric and malic acid. By using freeze concentration with grape juice, significant increase in the total polyphenol content of Doonuri wines was 122.40~137.26 mg/mL, the total anthocyanin content was 117.06~118.40 mg/L and the tannic acid content was 66.23~83.70 mg%. In GC/MS analysis, the volatile flavor component analysis of Doonuri wines identified six alcohols, five esters, two ketones, on acid, two alkanes, and four other compounds.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.579-590
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Petasites japonicus Maxim (P. japonicus) has been used as an edible and medicinal plant and contains many bioactive compounds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of P. japonicus on osteogenesis. MATERIALS/METHODS: The leaves and stems of P. japonicus were separated and extracted with hot water or ethanol, respectively. The total phenolic compound and total polyphenol contents of each extract were measured, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of each extract was evaluated to determine their effect on bone metabolism. To investigate the effect on osteoblast differentiation of the aqueous extract of P. japonicus leaves (AL), which produced the highest ALP activity among the tested extracts, collagen content was measured using the Sirius Red staining method, mineralization using the Alizarin Red S staining method, and osteocalcin production through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Also, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of Runt-related transcriptional factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix. RESULTS: Among the 4 P. japonicus extracts, AL had the highest values in all of the following measures: total phenolic compounds, total polyphenols, and ALP activity, which is a major biomarker of osteoblast differentiation. The AL-treated MC3T3-E1 cells showed significant increases in induced osteoblast differentiation, collagen synthesis, mineralization, and osteocalcin production. In addition, mRNA expressions of Runx2 and Osterix, transcription factors that regulate osteoblast differentiation, were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AL can regulate osteoblasts differentiation, at least in part through Runx2 and Osterix. Therefore, it is highly likely that P. japonicus will be useful as an alternate therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.