• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.996-999
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• 2008

Aspheric polymer lens fabrication using isothermal compression molding is presented in this paper. Due to increasing definition of an image sensor, higher precision is required by a lens which can be used as a part of an imageforming optical module. Injection molding is a factory standard method for a polymer optical lens. But achievable precision using injection molding has a formidable limitation due to the machining of complex mold structure and melting and cooling down a polymer melt under high pressure condition during forming process. To overcome the precision requirement and limitation using injection molding method, isothermal compression molding is applied to fabrication of a polymer optical lens. The fabrication condition is determined by numerical simulations of temperature distribution and given material properties. Under the found condition, the lens having a high precision can successfully be reproduced and does not show birefringence which results often in optical degradation.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

In this paper, we review papers which report to the all solid-state electroactive polymer-based tunable lens. Since electroactive polymer-based tunable lenses change their focal length by responding to electric stimuli, it can be minimized the size and weight of optical modules. Thus, it has been received attention in the robot, mobile device and display industry. The all solid-state electroactive polymer-based tunable lenses can be classified into two categories depending on the classification of materials: ionic electroactive polymer-based lenses and non-ionic electroactive polymer-based lenses. Most of the ionic electroactive polymer-based tunable lenses are fabricated with ionic polymer-metal composite. So, the ionic electroactive polymer-based tunable lenses can be operated under low electric voltage. But small force, slow recovery time and environmental limitation for operation has been pointed to the disadvantage of the lenses. The non-ionic electroactive polymer-based tunable lenses are classified again into two categories: dielectric polymer-based tunable lenses and polyvinylchloride gel-based tunable lenses. The advantage of the dielectric polymer-based tunable lenses is fast response to electric stimuli. But the essential flexible electrodes degrade performance of the lens. Polyvinylchloride gel-based tunable lens has reported impressive performance without flexible electrodes.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2001년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.82-83
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• 2001

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2015

This paper reports the fabrication of a lenticular liquid crystal (LC) lens array with thermally tunable focus and with the function of a convertible lens type, using the surface structure of a UV-curable polymer and a twisted-nematic (TN) LC cell. The TN LC cell makes the LC lenticular lens function as a converging or diverging lens by controlling electrically the polarization of input light. Therefore, the focal lengths for both the converging and diverging lenses, which can be switched from the TN cell, can be tuned by changing the effective refractive index of the LC by Joule heating of the transparent electrode. As a result, the focal length of the lens with the E7 LC was changed continuously from 8.7 to 31.2 mm for the converging lens type and from -9.8 to -14.2 mm for the diverging lens when the temperature was increased from 25 to $56^{\circ}C$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2017

폴리머 안경렌즈를 제조할 때 가시광선 영역에서 투과되는 빛을 증가시키고, 안경렌즈 표면에 형성되는 허상을 방지하는 반사방지 기능은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 굴절률 1.56, 1.60 및 1.67을 갖는 안경렌즈를 폴리머 렌즈 모노머 및 이염화 이부틸 주석 촉매제, 알킬 인산 에스터 이형제 등의 혼합물을 인젝션 몰드 방법으로 열중합 공정을 적용하여 제조하였다. 폴리머 안경렌즈 표면에서의 반사방지 효과를 조사하기 위하여 다층 박막 반사방지 코팅 구조(양면 또는 단면 코팅), 3층 박막의 Gaussian gradient-index profile 불연속 근사 반사방지 코팅 구조, 3층 박막의 quarter-wavelength 근사 반사방지코팅 구조 등 다양한 반사방지 코팅 구조를 설계하였고, E-beam 증착 시스템을 이용하여 열중합공정으로 제조된 폴리머 안경렌즈에 각각 코팅하였다. 폴리머 안경렌즈의 광학적 특성은 UV-visible spectrometer로 분석하였다. 반사방지 코팅 층을 구성하는 박막의 굴절률, 표면 거칠기 등의 소재 특성은 Ellipsometer와 원자힘 현미경(AFM)으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 굴절률 1.56의 낮은 굴절률을 갖는 폴리머 안경렌즈에서 가장 효과적인 반사방지 코팅 구조는 다층 박막 반사방지 코팅 구조의 양면코팅이었다. 하지만 굴절률 1.67의 고굴절률 안경렌즈에 대해서는 3층 박막의 Gaussian gradient-index profile 불연속 근사반사방지 코팅 구조의 양면 코팅도 다층박막 반사방지 코팅구조의 양면코팅에 상응하는 반사방지 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2018

This research is conducted to create a functional hydrogel ophthalmic lens containing nanoparticles. Carbon nanoparticles and PEGMEMA are used as additives for the basic combination of HEMA, MA, and MMA, and the materials are copolymerized with EGDMA as the cross-linking agent and AIBN as the thermal initiator. The hydrogel lens is produced using a cast-mold method, and the materials are thermally polymerized at $100^{\circ}C$ for an hour. The polymerized lens sample is hydrated in a 0.9 % saline solution for 24 hours before the optical and physical characteristics of the lens are measured. The refractive index, water content, contact angle, light transmittance, and tensile strength are measured to evaluate the physical and optical characteristics of the hydrogel lens. The refractive index, water content, contact angle, UV-B light transmittance, UV-A light transmittance, visible light transmittance, tensile strength and breaking strength of the hydrogel lens polymer are 1.4019~1.4281, 43.05~51.18 %, $31.95{\sim}68.61^{\circ}$, 21.69~58.11 %, 35.59~84.26 %, 45.85~88.06 %, 0.1075~0.1649 kgf and 0.1520~0.2250 kgf, respectively. The results demonstrate an increase in refractive index, tensile strength and breaking strength and a decrease in contact angle and light transmittance. Furthermore, the visible light transmissibility is significantly increased at PEG 10 %. It is clear that this material can be used for high-performance ophthalmic lenses with wettability, ultraviolet ray blocking effect, and tensile strength.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

This paper has been focused in developing of plastic lens with ultra-precision and low birefringence ability using by injection molding simulation tools. The simulation tools, $3D-Timon^{TM}\;and\;Asu-Mold^{TM}$ were applied to visualize indirectly the flow pattern of melted polymer enter the mould and the simulation results are verified as compared with the experimental results. Birefringence and polarized light generated in injection molding process was also calculated for each injection conditions and compared with .the pictures of experimented optical lens go through the polarized light plates device. A spherical radius of plastic optical lens transcribed from profile of mould core surface was measured to estimate the geometrical accuracy fer the each injection conditions. It is confirmed that the simulation results about flow pattern and polarized light area coincided in experimental results. It is known that increasing in thickness shrinkage at center of lens, the spherical radius is larger from comparing the graph measured spherical radius and the thickness shrinkage at center of lens

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2007

The compound refractive X-ray lens (CRL) for focusing hard X-rays is investigated to determine the parameters such as the focal length, the focal spot size, and spatial distribution at the focal spot using a simple theoretical calculations and CRLs fabricated by the self-assembly method. The number of individual compound lenses are defined for the given focal length of 1 m. The X-ray energy of 1 to 40 keV is used in the calculations. The CRL for focusing hard X-rays which generated from the X-ray tube is fabricated by nanoparticle-polymer composite in the form of circular concaves. The self-assembly method is applied to form the nanoaluminum-poly (methly meth-acrylate) composite and carbon-polymer composite CRL lenses. Aluminum nanoparticles of 100 nm and carbon microparticles are diffused in the polymer solution then the high gravity up to 6000G is applied in it to form the concave lens shape. X-ray energy at 8 keV is used for characterization of the composite CRLs. The FWHM of intensity for the fabricated nanoaluminium composite CRL system, N=10 is measured as 1.8 mm, which would give about $70{\mu}m$ in FWHM at 1 m of the focal length.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2006년도 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.405-406
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• 2006

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2012

By the need for high-speed data transmission in PCB, the studies on the optical PCB has been conducted with optical interconnection and its packaging technology. Particularly, the polymer-based optical interconnection has been extensively studied with the advantages such as cost-effective and ease of process. For high-efficiency and passive alignment, the studies were performed using the 45 degree mirrors, MT connector, and etc. In this work, integrated PLC device and fiber alignment array block was fabricated by using imprint technology to solve the alignment and array problem of optical device and the optical fiber. The fabricated integrated block for optical interconnection of PLC device has achieved higher precision of decreasing the dimensional error of the patterns by optimization of process and its insertion loss has an average value of 4.03dB, lower than criteria specified by international standard. In addition, a optical waveguide with built-in lens has been proposed for high-efficiency and passive alignment. By simulation, it was confirmed that the proposed structure has higher coupling efficiency than conventional no-lens structure and has the broad tolerance for the spatial offset of optical waveguide.