• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2005

The flat-headed goby, Luciogobius guttatus, inhabits tidepools and river mouths, and stays under stones on the dried bottom for the duration of the low tide. To know the relationship of its respiration and habit in this fish, the epidermis of five appendages was observed. The epidermis has three layers: the outermost layer, middle layer and stratum germinativum. The outermost layer is composed of polygonal cells or rather flattened cells, and mucous cells. The unicellular mucous cells showing acid mucopolysaccharides are 11.1 to $16.1{\mu}m$ in mean height and in one or two rows. The middle layer consists mainly of large epidermal cells that are swollen by adjacent epidermal cells and arranged in a web-shaped structure. The swollen cells are 12.3 to $15.2{\mu}m$ in mean height and arranged in one to 11 layers. Since the swollen cells occupy the entire height of the epidermis, the epidermis is thick. A large number of blood capillaries are present just below the stratum germinativum. Taste buds are distributed at intervals on the surface of the epidermis. Based on these epidermal strucures, it is likely that L. guttatus utilizes cutaneous respiration in a dual respiratory systems.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.908-918
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• 2007

To prepare ready-to-use rice flour as de novo material for processed rice foods, glutinous(W) and normal rice grains (N) were soaked for 1, 8, and 12 hours prior to processing. One half (DG) was air-dried and milled, and the other (WG) was milled and air-dried. General, morphological and pasting properties of the flours (NDG, NWG, WDG, WWG) were compared to those of a control (raw milled rice without soaking). The general compositions of the rice flours varied with soaking. Crude ash was considerably decreased at the beginning of soaking (1 hour). With the soaking, the rice flour, having polygonal shaped particles and a layered surface, acquired particles with smooth edges, which were then uniformly distributed. Additionally, the WG flour was lighter and had a lower ${\Delta}E$ value than the DG flour, due to a higher L and less +b as a result of soaking. Compared to the control, the WBC of the normal rice flour was decreased significantly with soaking, and the WG flour had significantly lower WBCs than the DG flour. Stirring number (SN), an indicator of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, was highly and significantly correlated with WBC (r=-0.85, p=0.0001) in the normal rice flour. At $80^{\circ}C$, the SP and solubility of all the soaked rice flours were much higher than those of the control. Positive (r=+0.85, p=0.0001) and negative (r=-0.61, p=0.02) correlations between the SP and solubility of the normal and glutinous rice flours were found, respectively. Using RVA, the pasting temperature of NDG was lower than that of NWG (p<0.0001). The peak viscosities of all the soaked flours were significantly decreased with soaking (p<0.0l), with the highest viscosity in the normal rice flour soaked for 8 hrs. Total setback, indicative of retrogradation, was lower in NDG than in NWG, with the lowest setback at 8 hrs of' soaking. Based on these finding, the NDG flour with 8 hrs of soaking was less damaged, and had a lower total setback and lower pasting temperature, which would make it an appropriate rice flour for commercial mass production.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.1483-1495
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• 2006

The navigation mesh represents a terrain as a set of triangles on which characters may move around. The navigation mesh cab be generated automatically, and it is more flexible in representing 3D surface. The number of triangles to represent a terrain may vary according to the structure of the terrain. As characters are moving around on a navigation mesh, the path planning can be performed more easily by projecting the 3D surfaces into 2D space. However, when the terrain is represented with an elaborated mesh of large number of triangles to achieve more realistic movements, the path finding can be very inefficient because there are too many states(triangles) to be searched. In this paper, we propose an efficient method of path finding in 3D games where the terrain is represented by navigation meshes. Our method uses the visibility tests. When the graph-based search is applied to elaborated polygonal meshes for detailed terrain representation, the path finding can be very inefficient because there are too many states(polygons) to be searched. In our method, we reduce the search space by using visibility tests so that the search can be fast even on the detailed terrain with large number of polygons. First we find the visible vertices of the obstacles, and define the heuristic function as the distance to the goal through those vertices. By doing that, the number of states that the graph-based search visits can be substantially reduced compared to the plane search with straight-line distance heuristic.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1998

Physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch and oxidized waxy maize starch with sodium hypochlorite $(0{\sim}60\;mg\;CL_2/g\;starch,40^{\circ}C,\;pH\;10,\;3.0\;hr)$ were studied. As sodium hypochlorite concentration was increased, the content of crude lipid and crude protein of the oxidized starch were decreased. And crude protein content and whiteness was considered to show negative regression. However, the crude ash content of the oxidized starch increased significantly with oxidation and bore a positive regression to the chlorine content. There was a progressive increase in the carboxyl content with increasing oxidant level. After pasting in hot water and cooling, viscosity of the oxidized starches were drastically lower than that of native starch . As carboxyl contents of the oxidized starch increased, the solubility and swelling power was increased. When waxy maize starch treated with 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0% sodium hypochlorite, temperature of initial gelatinization of oxidized starch was shown to 65, 65, 60 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The oxidized waxy maize starches also form clearer pastes. Water binding capacity of the oxidized starch decreased as the degree of carboxyl group substitution increased. Waxy maize starch has polygonal and some round granules which range from about 3.7 to $20\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. Surface appearance of the waxy maize starch became rough when oxidized with sodium hypochlorite. When homogenate of the oxidized waxy maize starch solution and corn germ oil was stored under room temperature for 24 hours, the emulsion stability was considered to depend on starch concentration and degree of substitution.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.586-590
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• 2009

Horsehair worms (Chordodes koreensis) develop as parasites in the bodies of grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches, and some beetles. Chordodes koreensis is an accidental parasite of humans, livestock, or pets and poses no public health threat. The male of Chordodes koreensis in the later larval stage from canine vomitus was investigated by the scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In cross sections, the body wall is composed of four components namely epicuticle, cuticle, epidermis, and muscle layers. The parenchymal tissue fills the rest of the body and surrounds the visceral organs such as intestine, and ventral nerve cord but testes were not found. The epicuticle is a thin superficial layer whose surface shows rows of polygonal elevations called areoles. The cuticle has 17 layers of collagenous fibers spirally wound about the long axis of the worm. The section through the cuticle reveals the layers of large fibers cut obliquely lengthwise, alternating with layers of fibers sectioned obliquely crosswise. The layers of large fiber formed a double helix about longitudinal axis of the worm. The epidermis is a single layer. The muscles were interrupted by the nervous lamella in the only midventral portion. The medulla of muscle plate is composed of lightly stained cytoplasm, mitochondria, weakly developed endoplasmic reticulum, and glycogen granules. Between the medulla of a cell and the plasmalemma lies a broad cortical zone of myofilaments. The circular muscles are absent. The characteristic feature of the cytoplasm is that there was no content in peripheral mesenchyme, but was an abundance of large clear vacuoles which give the cytosome a foamy appearance. The nucleus of mesenchyme is not easily identified in our specimens.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.5_6
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• pp.297-304
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• 2004

In this paper, a mesh simplification algorithm based on wavelet transform and 2D planar sampling is proposed for efficient handling of 3D objects in computer applications. Since 3D vertices are directly transformed with wavelets in conventional mesh compression and simplification algorithms, it is difficult to solve tiling optimization problems which reconnect vertices into faces in the synthesis stage highly demanding vertex connectivities. However, a 3D mesh is sampled onto 2D planes and 2D polygons on the planes are independently simplified in the proposed algorithm. Accordingly, the transform of 2D polygons is very tractable and their connection information Is replaced with a sequence of vertices. The vertex sequence of the 2D polygons on each plane is analyzed with wavelets and the transformed data are simplified by removing small wavelet coefficients which are not dominant in the subjective quality of its shape. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is able to change the mesh level-of-detail simply by controlling the distance of 2D sampling planes and the selective removal of wavelet coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is a simple and efficient simplification technique with less external distortion.