• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare serum fetuin-A levels and oxidative stress markers, as indicators of insulin resistance, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in healthy controls. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 46 patients with PCOS and 48 age- and body mass index-matched control women. Levels of serum hormones, fetuin-A, and oxidative stress markers were measured in blood samples taken during the early follicular period from each participant. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), total testosterone levels, and the LH/FSH ratio were found to be significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index parameters all indicated significantly higher levels of oxidative stress in PCOS patients than in controls. Serum fetuin-A levels, which were analyzed as an indicator of insulin resistance, were higher in the PCOS group than in the control group ($210.26{\pm}65.06{\mu}g/mL$ and $182.68{\pm}51.20{\mu}g/mL$, respectively; p= 0.024). Conclusion: The data obtained from the present study suggest that higher levels of both serum fetuin-A and oxidative stress markers might be related with PCOS.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.43-56
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the trend of chinese clinical studies of herbal treatment for infertility caused by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We searched the clinical studies published from 1979 to 2013 through CAJ (Chinese Academic Journal) with keywords of "PCOS and 不孕" or "多囊卵 巢綜合證 and 不孕". We analyzed the intervention type of clinical studies. In addition, We researched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2009 to 2013, assessed the quality of RCTs using the Jadad Scale and reanalyzed the intervention type of RCTs. Results: One hundred and seventeen clinical studies were finally selected. Clinical studies of herbal treatment for infertility caused by PCOS increased remarkably after the 2000s in China. Combined herbal medicine and western medicine was used the most frequently. RCTs published from 2009 to 2013 were fifty. Average of Jadad score of RCTs was 1.2. Combined herbal medicine and western medicine was also the most frequently used as intervention in RCTs. Conclusions: Clinical studies on effect of combined herbal medicine and western medicine for infertility caused by PCOS were mostly published in China. But Quality of studies was generally low. Further research on effect of herbal treatment for infertility caused by PCOS is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.374-379
• /
• 2021

Objective: We aimed to evaluate associations between the ratio of serum estrone (E1) to estradiol (E2) and parameters related to serum glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: In total, 133 women between the ages of 18 and 35 diagnosed with PCOS were enrolled in this study. All participants with PCOS underwent blood tests to determine hormonal and biochemical metabolic parameters and a standard 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. They were divided into two groups according to the serum E1-to-E2 ratio: group 1 (E1/E2 ratio <2.0) and group 2 (E1/E2 ratio ≥2.0). Results: In the comparative analysis, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was the only clinical variable that was significantly different between the two groups. Patients with a higher E1/E2 ratio showed higher fasting insulin levels, homeostasis model for insulin resistance, and postprandial glucose level at 2 hours (PPG2). In a correlation analysis, only PPG2 was significantly related to the serum E1/E2 ratio. However, after controlling for the confounding effects of body mass index (BMI) and WHR, fasting glucose was also significantly correlated with the serum E1/E2 ratio. Conclusion: Women with PCOS with a higher serum E1/E2 ratio were found to be more likely to show higher fasting insulin and postprandial glucose levels. Significant correlations were found between the serum E1/E2 ratio and both fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels after adjusting for BMI and WHR in women with PCOS.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 2021

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menstruation, ovulatory dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have reported the possible role of phytoestrogens in PCOS. This animal study aimed to evaluate the effects of genistein on insulin resistance, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and histopathologic indices on PCOS. Methods: PCOS was induced by 1 mg/kg of letrozole in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats then received normal saline (PCOS group), 150 mg/kg of metformin, or 20 mg/kg of genistein dissolved in 1% methylcellulose solution for 42 days. Body weight, the glycemic and lipid profile, and inflammatory, antioxidative, and histopathological parameters were assessed at the end of the intervention. Results: Treatment with genistein significantly alleviated the increased level of fasting blood insulin (p=0.16) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.012). In addition, the genistein group had significantly lower levels of serum malondialdehyde (p=0.039) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.003), and higher superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (p<0.001). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis indicated that genistein administration led to an increase in luteinization and the development of fewer cysts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Biochemical and histopathological analyses indicated that genistein administration to rats with PCOS induced significant remission in oxidative, inflammatory, and glycemic and histopathologic parameters.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 2021

Objective: In this study we aimed to assess anorexigenic peptide levels in patients with or without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their effects on assisted reproductive treatment (ART) outcomes. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in a tertiary care university-based ART clinic. Eighty-three patients were included in the study. The PCOS group included 41 patients, and the non-PCOS group included 42 controls. The 2003 Rotterdam criteria were used for PCOS patient selection. The ART indications in the non-PCOS group were tubal factor or unexplained infertility. Venous blood samples were taken on the third day of the menstrual cycle to determine the serum anorexigenic peptide levels. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used for laboratory analyses. Results: In the PCOS group, serum obestatin levels were significantly lower than in the control group, but serum anorexigenic peptide levels were similar in PCOS patients with or without clinical pregnancy. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was diagnosed only in PCOS patients, and the obestatin levels of OHSS patients were significantly lower than those of other PCOS patients. Conclusion: Baseline anorexigenic peptide levels did not affect the clinical pregnancy rate in ART cycles. Obestatin may play a role in the pathophysiology of OHSS. This possibility should be confirmed in further research.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2022

Background: There is evidence of a relationship between prenatal excess androgen exposure and central nervous developmental problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Purpose: Here we aimed to use a meta-analysis to investigate whether the offspring of mothers with PCOS are at an increased chance of developing ADHD. Methods: Three main English databases were searched for articles published through December 2020. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Study heterogeneity was determined using I² statistics and publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. The results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and relative ratio (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results: Six articles (3 cohort and 3 case-control studies; 401,413 total ADHD cases) met the study criteria. Maternal PCOS was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in the offspring based on OR and RR (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.27-1.57) and (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.51), respectively. There was no heterogeneity among the included articles based on OR (I²=0.0%, P=0.588) and RR (I²=0.0%, P=0.878). Conclusion: Our study showed that maternal PCOS is a risk factor for ADHD. Therefore, screening their offspring for ADHD should be considered part of the comprehensive clinical care of women with PCOS.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.316-324
• /
• 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. The genetics of PCOS is heterogeneous with the involvement of number of genes in the steroid synthesis pathway. The CYP11B2 encodes aldosterone synthase and the genetic variants might increase aldosterone secretion in PCOS cases. CYP1A1 is known to enhance the intraovarian catechol estrogen production and thus the propensity for PCOS. The present case-control study analyzed a total of 619 females for CYP11B2 (rs1799998) and CYP1A1 (rs4646903) polymorphisms. Obesity was examined according to body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) categorization. Biochemical (lipid profile) analysis was performed in PCOS females. BMI (P=0.0001) and WHR (P=0.0001) revealed a statistically significant difference between PCOS cases and controls. The overall levels of triglycerides were higher in PCOS females. The genotype frequency distribution of CYP11B2 (rs1799998) polymorphism revealed statistically significant difference between PCOS cases and controls (P=0.017). However, CYP1A1 (rs4646903) polymorphism did not showed any association with PCOS. The present case-control association analysis is first from our region for CYP1A1 and CYP11B2 polymorphisms and is suggestive of genetic predisposition of steroidogenic genes among PCOS patients in the North-Indian Punjabi females.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.136-146
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate weight change and analyze adverse events in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were prescribed with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for medical records of patients with PCOS, who were administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for a period of 12 weeks between January 2019 and December 2021. Outcomes were total weight loss/weight loss rate, the percentage of patients who lost more than 5% and 10% of their baseline weight. Adverse events (AEs) reported by patients were evaluated by severity, causality and system-organ classes. Results: A total of sixty-seven patients were included (mean±standard deviation, Age 28.78±5.25 years, weight 76.78±12.84 kg, body mass index 29.2±4.26 kg/m²). The average total weight loss in PCOS patients was 6.57±3.07 kg and the average weight loss rate was 8.55±3.65%. The percentage of patients with more than 5% and 10% weight loss compared to their baseline weight was 86.56% and 25.37% respectively. The analysis of adverse events are as follows: Causality assessment with World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre of AEs showed 'Unlikely' was the most common (71.7%) and severity evaluations with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events showed almost all symptoms were mild (98.9%). Conclusions: Gamitaeeumjowee-tang helps to lose weight of PCOS patients, which is overweight or obese, and no serious adverse events have occurred. Additional well-designed clinical studies are recommended.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.206-212
• /
• 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between hematologic parameters related to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Eighty-two women between the ages of 18 and 35 years who were diagnosed with PCOS were included in this study. A 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered to all study participants; fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels were measured simultaneously during the 2-hour OGTT. Hematologic parameters were derived from a standard complete blood count and a differential count of fasting-state blood samples. The correlations between hematologic parameters and insulin resistance-associated clinical and metabolic parameters were evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation and partial correlation coefficients. Hematologic parameters related to systemic inflammation were compared between the two groups, categorized by the presence or absence of insulin resistance. Results: Significant differences in the absolute neutrophil count, absolute monocyte count, platelet count, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were found between the insulin-resistant group and insulin-nonresistant group. Correlation analysis found that all hematological parameters, except for the platelet-lymphocyte ratio, were associated with at least one insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameter. However, these significant correlations between hematological and metabolic parameters were attenuated after controlling for the effects of other covariates using partial correlation analysis. Conclusion: The association between hematologic parameters indicative of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters seems to be strongly influenced by other anthropometric covariates in women with PCOS.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.60-74
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gwibi-Tang(GBT) on the polycystic ovary(PCO) induced by estradiol valerate(EV) in rats. Methods: PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with EV(4mg) in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for eight weeks. PCO control group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for eight weeks. GBT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated GBT for eight weeks. Then we measured weight of body, ovaries, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats. The histopathology changes of ovaries were also evaluated. The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF) was analyzed in the central nervous system, adrenal glands and ovaries by immunohistochemistry. And also CRF expression in median eminance of Rats were analyzed. Results: 1. The weight(g) of rats in GBT treated group($275{\pm}14$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($253{\pm}8$), 2. The weight(mg) of ovaries in GBT treated group($75.8{\pm}16.7$) was significantly increased(p<0.001) compared with control group($37.4{\pm}6.7$). 3. The number of mature follicles in GBT treated group($3.6{\pm}1.2$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1.5{\pm}1.5$. 4. The number of atretic follicles in GBT treated group($8.0{\pm}3.1$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($18.6{\pm}6.0$). 5. The number of cystic follicles in GBT treated group($0.5{\pm}0.5$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($2.3{\pm}1.3$). 6. The number of corpora lutea in GBT treated group($6.1{\pm}3.9$) was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1.6{\pm}2.3$). 7. The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian granulosa cells in GBT treated group was lesser observed than control group. Conclusion: From the above results, we concluded that Gwibi-Tang has inhibitory effect on the development of EV-induced polycystic ovary. And it's effect may be related with decreased NGF activities in the ovary.