• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Effects of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) constituents (naphthalene, fluorine, fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene) on fertilization and early development of sea urchin egg, sperm and fertilized egg were investigated. The eggs, sperm and fertilized eggs were exposed to several concentrations of PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). The rate of fertilization and hatching decreased when the eggs and sperm were exposed to aqueous solution of PAHs. Also, Exposure of fertilized eggs with each PAHs did decrease survival and hatching rate. Concentration-dependent toxic effects on the rate of fertilization, hatching, survival and abnormality in A. crassispina were observed following exposure to PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). These data show that PAHs exposure decreased in fertilization success of sea urchin egg and sperm and producted abnormal embryo. It is plausible to suggest that PAHs had the potential to significantly reduce coastal recruitment of sea urchin.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2016

다환방향족탄화수소류 (PAHs, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)는 열분해 또는 불완전연소 과정에서 발생하는 방향족 고리를 포함하고 있는 유기화합물질로서 생물 및 인간에 해를 입힐 수 있는 독성물질들로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 경기도 20곳 및 강원도 15곳에서 농업용수를 채취하여, 시료 중 PAHs 농도와 분포 특성을 규명하였다. 쉽고 간단하고 효과적인 케처스 추출법 및 d-SPE 정제법을 이용해 분석 시료를 준비한 후에 GC-MS/MS를 이용해 14종의 PAHs 분석하였다. 경기도 강원도 지역에서 채취한 모든 시료에서 Phenanthrene이 검출되었으며 경기도 지역의 phenanthrene 농도는 $0.82{\sim}2.56{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$였고 강원도 지역의 phenanthrene 농도는 $0.83{\sim}1.62{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$였다. 경기도 한 곳에서만 fluoranthene ($0.26{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$)이 검출되었다. 분석법의 효율과 신뢰성을 확신하기 위한 회수율 시험에서 60~110%의 회수율을 얻었다. 상대표준편차는 PAHs 14종 모두 20% 이하였다.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.136-136
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• 2002

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) vary in their carcinogenic potencies. The more potent PAHs carcinogens are 3-methylcholantheren and 7, 12- dimethyl benzo(a)anthracene, while dibenzo(a, c)anthracene has very little carcinogenic activity. Risk assessment of chemical mixture containing various congeners which toxic potency are each different, are conducted using toxic equivalency factors(TEFs).(omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.186.1-186.1
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• 2003

Certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been reported to induce cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A1 and 1A2. In the present studies, the effects of six well-known PAHs on the activities of hepatic and pulmonary P450 enzymes were investigated in male ICR mice. When mice were treated intraperitoneally with 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg of individual PAHs for 3 consecutive days, the activities of ethoxyresorufin- and methoxyresorufin-O-dealkylases were significantly and (omitted)

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.179-192
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• 2001

In order to characterize the distribution patterns of PAHs between Yellow Sand (YS) and non-Yellow Sand(NYS) periods, we collected and analyzed aerosol samples for PAHs for the periods covering 28 March through 24 April 2000. The concentrations of TSP measured during the YS periods were approximately two times higher than the NYS periods. By contrast, the concentrations of PAHs during YS were higher than those of NYS by 140%. In ad-dition, their concentrations in PM 10 were larger than those TSP by 120% . Detailed inspections of our data indi-catd that three species including chrysene. benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene were effeciently ad-sorbed by particles less than 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ diameter and that there were dominating the distribution characterstics of PAHs during the YS periods. Results of correlation analysis also indicated that PAHs exhibited strong correlations with those pollutants originating from combustion sources. It is thus concluded that pollutants such as toxic PAHs that originate from diverse anthropogenic sources of China should be contributing to the degradation of the ambient air quality in Seoul.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 1999

Surface sediment samples collected from the eastern half of the Yellow Sea proper in 1998 were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ubiquitous pollutants. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 1.0 to $320.5ng\;g^{-1}$ dw. Relatively high concentrations of PAHs were found in the muddy central part of the Yellow Sea. Sedimentary total PAHs concentrations in the Yellow Sea proper were similar to those of Californian offshores and the central Mediterranean Sea, albeit an order of magnitude lower than the Yellow Sea nearshore areas. Phenanthene/Anthracene concentration ratio of PAHs in bottom sediments suggested that pyrolytic PAHs might be dominant over petrogenic ones in the eastern Yellow Sea. Downcore depth distributions of PAHs from the relatively undisturbed core samples of the central Yellow Sea showed decreasing PAHs concentrations with core depths and suggested that the Yellow Sea has been increasingly exposed to PAH for decades. Annual total PAH flux to these sediments was estimated to be $166{\mu}gm^{-2}yr^{-1}$ in the central part of the Yellow Sea for the recent decade.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제19권E2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured during the winter and summer of 2002 in Chongju. A filter pack and polyurethane foam (PUF) system was employed to collect simultaneously the particulate and gas phase PAHs. The samples were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrometer detectors (GC/MSD). A total of 29 samples were collected and 11 PAH species were identified. The lower molecular weight PAH compounds (3∼4 rings) dominated the total PAH mass. The higher molecular weight PAH compounds (5∼6 rings) were less abundant. The PAHs were showed to exhibit seasonal variations. The concentrations of all com-pounds were significantly higher in winter than summer. The lower molecular weight PAHs were mostly found in the gas phase whereas the heavier ones were mainly associated with particulate phase. Vehicle emissions are likely to be the primary contributor of PAHs in Chongju. This study also demonstrated that it is necessary to perform simultaneously particulate and gas phase measurements to determine the accurate concentrations of ambient PAHs.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2024

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elemental carbon (EC) in particulate matter, typical primary aerosols have decreased in Seoul between 2003 and 2018 (80% for PAHs and 85% for EC). The yearly mean benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) concentration has been lower than 1 ng/m3 since 2010-2011, the target value set by the European Union (EU) and China. A series of policies related to solid fuel and vehicle in South Korea and China should be effective in the reduction of the ambient PAHs and EC concentrations. But the emission data of PAHs and EC at both countries did not support that hypothesis. Possible causes are uncertainties in the emission inventories of primary carbonaceous aerosols in South Korea and China, although there may be a minor effect of the emissions from North Korea on the concentrations in Seoul. Thus the further policy directions against PAHs and EC such as improvements of emissions inventories and measurements, intensive regulation of non-road mobile sources and control of PAHs derivatives are discussed.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

Accumulated epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that prolonged exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pulmonary dysfunction. While diesel exhaust particles (DEP) contain large variety of compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a dominant component contaminated in DEP. This article reviews effects of two PAH quinones, 9,10-phenanthraquinone (9,10-PQ) and l,2-naphthoquinone (l,2-NQ), on vascular and respiratory systems.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.479-495
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 자동차배출화학물질 중 발암성 및 돌연변이 유발 물질인 PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)의 다매체 간 거동 모델링, 농도 분포, 그리고 영향평가를 수행하였다. S시의 차량 통계와 PAHs의 배출계수를 이용하여 PAHs의 배출량을 산정하였고, 도시의 불투수면적에서 대기-토양의 물질이동 제한조건을 바탕으로 다매체 퓨가시티 모델링을 수행하였다. 다매체 퓨가시티 모델을 이용하여 정상상태에서 환경 매체내 PAHs의 농도 분포를 예측하고(Level III), 각 모델 변수에 대하여 몬테카를로 민감도 분석을 바탕으로 비정상상태에서 환경 매체내 PAHs 잔류량 및 매체 간 물질 이동으로 인한 매체별 농도분포와 위해성 평가를 수행하였다(Level IV). S시의 경우 배출된 PAHs중 Fluoranthene이 네 가지 환경 매체(대기, 수계, 토양, 침전물)에서 모두 가장 높은 잔류농도(60.0%, 53.5%, 32.0%, 33.6%)를 보였으며 침전물에서 가장 높은 농도(80%이상)로 잔류하였다. 34년 동안 S시 환경 매체 중의 PAHs 농도 변화 분석 결과, 모든 환경 매체에서 PAHs 잔류량은 1983년부터 2005년까지 증가하였고, 이후 2016년까지 감소한 것을 확인하였으며, 각각 환경매체에서 트럭을 포함한 중량차량(Heavy Duty Vehicles, HDVs) 배출가스의 PAHs 농도 기여도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 매체 별 PAHs 농도는 토양과 수계에서 34년간 기준치보다 작은 값을 보였으나, 대기중 PAHs농도는 권고치를 초과하는 농도값을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 지난 30여년 동안 대도시 자동차 배출 화학물질인 PAHs의 환경 중 거동 및 위해성을 평가를 통하여 PAH물질 관리 및 규제의 필요성을 제시하고, 다양한 환경 매체 내 독성화학물질 관리 및 모니터링에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.