• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 서울에서 유통되는 식품용 융합 환제에 대하여 위해물질인 벤조피렌 등의 PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) 오염실태를 조사하고 위해도를 평가하였다. 2010~2013년 서울약령시 한약재 판매업소 등에서 31종 93건의 환제를 수집한 후 시료를 추출, 여과, 농축하여 SPE (Sep-pak florisil)로 유출시킨 후 다시 농축하여 액체크로마토그래프로 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 총 8종 PAHs 평균 함량은 $10{\mu}g/kg$ 이하이었고, PAHs 위해성 평가 결과 초과발암위해도는 일상 생활에서의 노출에 의한 것보다 낮았고, 노출안전역(MOEs)은 대부분의 시료가 위해를 무시할 만한 수준으로 안전한 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 의약용 환제와 식품용 환제의 위해물질에 대한 비교 융합연구가 필요하다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 1998

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAMs) are ubiquitous contaminants in marine environments. PAMs enter estuarine and nearshore marine environment via several routes such as combustion of fossil fuels, domestic and industrial effluents and oil spills. PAHs have been the focus of numerous studies in the world because they are potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic to aquatic organisms and humans from consuming contaminated food. However, one can hardly find any available data on PAM content in marine organisms in Korea. The present study was carried out in order to determine PAM content in oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay, which is located in near urban communities and an industrial complex, and the bay is considered to be a major repositories of PAHs. 16 PAHs were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with uv/vis and fluorescence detectors in oysters: they are naphthalene (NPTHL), acenaphthylene (ANCPL), acenaphthylene (ACNPN), fluorene (FLURN), phenanthrene (PHEN), anthracene (ANTHR), fluoranthene (FLRTH), pyrene (PYR), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHRY), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), dibenz(a,h)anthracene(DahA), benzo(g,h,i)peryne (BghiP) and indeno(1,2,3,-cd)pyrene (I123cdP). The PAM contents in oysters from the intertidal and subtidal zones of Chinhae Bay ranged from < 0.1 to 992.0 ug/kg (mean $69.8\pm9.8$ ug/kg).

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2011

현재 국내의 수많은 연구기관과 대학에서 다양한 화학분석법과 기기를 이용하여 다환방향족탄화수소(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)자료를 산출해 내고 있으나, 자료에 대한 엄격한 정도관리가 이루어지지 않은 관계로 자료를 산출한 상대 기관에 대한 신뢰가 부족하고, 농도에 대한 절대 비교가 불가능한 경우가 많았다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 최신의 분석방법으로 국내외학술지 및 연구보고서에 게재되어진 20여 편의 참고문헌으로부터 보편적으로 받아들여지는 분석방법과 자료질을 조사하여 이를 반영한 표준작업 절차서를 제시하였다. 이 절차서에 따라 표준물질 첨가법으로 회수율을 검정하였을 때 좋은 회수율 값을 보여주었다. 또한 PAHs 분석하고 있는 기존의 연구 기관들의 경우 굳이 실험법을 바꾸지 않더라도 표준시료의 사용 등 환경정도관리를 통해 산출되어진 자료가 신뢰성을 획득할 수 있는 방안을 절차서 내에 포함하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.1865-1877
• /
• 2013

Vertical variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in $PM_{10}$ were investigated in order to assess the factors controlling their behavior in the urban atmosphere of Bangkok City, Thailand. Air samples were collected every three hours for three days at three different levels at Bai-Yok Suit Hotel (site-1 and site-2) and Bai-Yok Sky Hotel (site-3) in February $18^{th}-21^{st}$, 2008. The B[a]P concentration showed a value 0.54 fold, lower than the United Kingdom Expert Panel on Air Quality Standard (UK-EPAQS; i.e. 250 pg $m^{-3}$) at the top level. In contrast, the B[a]P concentrations exhibited, at the ground and middle level, values 1.50 and 1.43 times higher than the UK-EPAQS standard respectively. PAHs displayed a diurnal variation with maximums at night time because of the traffic rush hour coupled with lower nocturnal mixing layer, and the decreased wind speed, which consequently stabilized nocturnal boundary layer and thus enhanced the PAH contents around midnight. By applying Nielsen's technique, the estimated traffic contributions at Site-3 were higher than those of Site-1: about 10% and 22% for Method 1 and Method 2 respectively. These results reflect the more complicated emission sources of PAHs at ground level in comparison with those of higher altitudes. The average values of incremental individual lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for all sampling sites fell within the range of $10^{-7}-10^{-6}$, being close to the acceptable risk level ($10^{-6}$) but much lower than the priority risk level ($10^{-4}$).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2005

Effects of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) constituents (naphthalene, fluorine, fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene) on fertilization and early development of sea urchin egg, sperm and fertilized egg were investigated. The eggs, sperm and fertilized eggs were exposed to several concentrations of PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). The rate of fertilization and hatching decreased when the eggs and sperm were exposed to aqueous solution of PAHs. Also, Exposure of fertilized eggs with each PAHs did decrease survival and hatching rate. Concentration-dependent toxic effects on the rate of fertilization, hatching, survival and abnormality in A. crassispina were observed following exposure to PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). These data show that PAHs exposure decreased in fertilization success of sea urchin egg and sperm and producted abnormal embryo. It is plausible to suggest that PAHs had the potential to significantly reduce coastal recruitment of sea urchin.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.826-839
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the effects of different charcoals on the occurrence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled beef steaks and beef patties. Seven different charcoals were used as follows: from oak wood (C1), from orange wood (C2), from Valonia oak wood (C3), from Marabu wood (C4), extruded charcoal from beech wood (C5), from coconut shells (C6), and from hazelnut shells (C7). The grilling times for each charcoal type were 6 min for the beef patties and 7 min for the beef steaks, until the internal temperature reached at least 74℃. The total concentration of 16 PAHs (PAH16) in beef steaks grilled with C1 (35.75 ㎍/kg) and C7 (36.39 ㎍/kg) was higher than that of C3 (23.80 ㎍/kg) and C6 (24.48 ㎍/kg; p<0.05). The highest amounts of PAH16 (216.40 ㎍/kg) were determined in the beef patty samples grilled using C5 (p<0.05). The summation of benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene, referred to as PAH4, was not detected in any of the beef steaks, whereas it was determined in the beef patties grilled with C2 (7.72 ㎍/kg) and C5 (22.95 ㎍/kg; p<0.05). The PAH16 concentrations of the beef patty samples in each charcoal group were significantly higher compared to the beef steaks (p<0.05). To avoid the formation of high PAH levels, the use of extruded charcoal and hazelnut shell charcoal should therefore be avoided when charcoal grilling beef steaks and beef patties, and low-fat meat products should be preferred.

• 접착 및 계면
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2010

Glass beads (GBs) were modified via plasma polymerization coatings in order to enhance the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke and activated carbons (ACs) were also utilized for comparative purposes. First, GBs and ACs were subjected to surface modification via plasma polymerization coating of acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, 1,3-diaminopropane, thiophene or dimethylphosphite with a RF plasma (13.56 MHz) generator. Next, their adsorption behavior was evaluated with a home-made 4-port smoking machine by collecting the total particulate matters (TPMs) on a Cambridge filter pad, followed by the separation of PAHs via solid phase extraction and analysis with GC/MS. Finally, the plasma polymerization coatings were analyzed by FT-IR/ATR to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, while the topology of the modified GBs and ACs were studied by FE-SEM.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2003

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are frequently detected in food, water, soil, and sediment and are widespread environmental pollutants formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, woods and other organic matter. PAHs are considered to be probable human carcinogens. The mechanism of action of PAHs has been studied extensively, however it is not clear how PAHs turn on CYP1A1 in human breast cancer. Our laboratory have been studied the effect of PAHs in the human breast cancer cell MCF7. In this study, we examined the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells as a new system to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line responses to estrogen and progesteron. We have been able to estbilish long term culture system of this cells then used for the study to observe the effect of PAHs. We demonstrate that PAHs induced the CYP1A1 promoter and 7-ethoxyresolufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a concentration-dependant manner. RT-PCR analysis indicated that PAHs significantly up-regulate the level of CYP1A1 mRNA. Some of PAHs showed stronger stimulatory effect on CYP1 gene expression than TCDD. Apparently, ZR-75-1 cells have Aryl hydrocarbon receptors, therefore it would be good experimental tool to study the cross-talk between PAHs and steroid actions.

• Ocean Science Journal
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2005

Benthic amphipod, Grandidierella japonica widely inhabits the Korean coastal waters and is developed as a standard test species for sediment toxicity tests. We exposed G. japonica to various pollutants including 4 kinds of inorganic metals (Ag, Cd, Cu and Hg), tributyltin [TBT], ammonia and 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds (acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) to estimate the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of each pollutant during the 96-hour acute exposure. Among all tested pollutants, TBT was most toxic to G. japonica, and Rg was most toxic among inorganic metals. The toxicity of pyrene to G. japonica was greatest among PAH compounds, followed by fluoranthene, phenanathrene, acenaphthene, fluorene and naphthalene. The toxicity of PAH compounds was closely related to their physico-chemical characteristics such as $K_ow$ and water solubility. G. japonica responded adequately to pollutant concentrations and exposure durations, and the sensitivity of G. japonica to various inorganic and organic pollutants was generally comparable to other amphipods used as standard test species in ecotoxicological studies, indicating this species can be applied in the assessment of environments polluted by various harmful substances.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.288-292
• /
• 2003

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)들에 오염된 토양시료를 채취한 후, phenanthrene을 유일한 탄소원과 에너지원으로 배양하여 PAHs를 분해하는 균주 K-19를 분리하였다. 이 균주는 지방산 조성 실험에서 Sphingomonas 속 균주의 특징인 2-hydroxy fatty acid들과 18:1w7를 포함하고 있었으며, 16S rDNA 염기서열을 이용한 계통유전학적 분석결과 Ribosomal Database에서 Sphingomonas CF06과 가장 가까운 유연관계를 보였다. K-19는 phenanthrene 존재 하에서 빠른 성장률과 높은 phenanthrene 분해율로 10일만에 500 ppm의 phenanthrene을 92% 분해하였으며, phenanthrene 이외에 indole, naphthalene 등도 분해하였다. 또한 전 배양 방법을 통하여 phenanthrene 분해능이 더욱 증진됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 우리나라의 유류 오염토양에 Sphingomonas 속의 미생물이 존재하며 이 미생물은 여러 종류의 다중 고리 방향족 화합물을 분해할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있음을 보여준다.