• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2015

완전산분해법과 단일시약(1 M HCl) 추출법을 이용하여 울산-온산연안 표층퇴적물 내 미량금속의 오염도 및 생태위해성을 평가하였다. 표층퇴적물 내 미량금속 중 Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg의 농도는 울산연안에 비해 온산연안에서 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 단일시약 추출 분석 결과, Cd과 Pb은 총함량 중 가용성부분의 평균 함량이 각각 72%, 78%로 인위적 기원에 의해서 주로 공급되는 것으로 나타난 반면, Cr, Li, Ni, As는 잔류성부분에서 평균 80% 이상 존재하여 주로 자연적 기원의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 해저퇴적물 해양환경기준과 비교한 결과, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg의 총농도는 온산연안 일부 정점에서 관리기준을 초과하였으며, Cr, Ni은 모든 정점에서 주의기준 이하였다. 미량금속의 오염도 및 생태위해성을 다양한 지수(EF, $I_{geo}$, m-PEL-Q, ERI)로 평가한 결과, 울산-온산연안에서 미량금속 중 Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg의 오염도가 높았으며, 생태계에 잠재적 위해성은 Cd과 Hg이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.60-68
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• 1993

서울지하철 제1, 2, 3, 4호선의 운행에 따른 소음 및 진동 발생은 인접 주거지역 주민들에게 공해 문제를 야기시켜 각종의 피해를 유발하고 있는 실정이다 그러나 현재 그 피해의 범위를 객관적으로 밝힐 수 있는 자료나지침이 없기 때문에 적절한 대책을 강구할 수가 없다. 따라서 본 조사를 통해 밝혀진 소음자료를 토대로 서울지하철 제1기 지상간의 지하철 차륜 통 과시 방출되는 소음레벨의 거리 별 분포 및 방출특성 그리고 각 노선별 비교 등과, 또 지하철 소음의 평가기준 및 평가방법과 현재 실용 가능한 방지대책을 제시하여 지하철 소음문제의 -반적인 처리지침으로 활용코져 한다. 본 조사 결과 제1호선 및 3호선은 소음레벨이 60dB(A) 미만으로 문제가 없고 소음공해 문제노선은 2호선 및 4호선의 일부 지상노출 구간으로 밝혀졌다. 이들 지역의 피선범위는 2호선의 경우 노선중심에서 50m 이내이고, 4호선의 경우 25m 이내로 이들 지점에서 각각 70dB(A)의 소음도를 기록하고 있다. 그리고 주민의 피해 호소율과 소음도 및 분포거리의 관계는 다음과 같이 밝혀졌다. 즉 80dB(A) 이상에서 강력한 집단민원이 발생하였고, 70-80dB(A)에서 간헐적인 피해호소를 하고 있었으며, 이들 값의 분포범위는 전자의 경우 고가구간에서 25m이내 철교구간에서 12.5m이내 그리고 철교 양구간에서 약 l00m이내이고, 후자의 경우 고가, 옹벽(U-Type) 및 철교구간에서 각각 50m이내이고, 철교량의 경우만 280m이내를 보이고 있다. 상기의 조사결과로부터 서울지하철의 일반적인 소음현황을 파악할 수 있어 지하철소음의 문제점을 개선하는데 필요한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 1989

In order to assess the level of atmospheric pollution and to contribute the health improve ment of residents in Pusan, the authors measured the $CO, SO_2, NO_2, TSP, Noise, Pb, Cd, Cr and V$ level at 3 place by time from Jan. 1988 to Feb. 1988. THe places were Kukje, Daehyeon, Pujeon underground commercial floor. The results were as follows; 1. The range of concentration of air pollutants (1) CO : 0.5 - 3.0 ppm (2) $SO_2$ : 0.012 - 0.360 ppm (3) $NO_2$ : 0.018 - 0.089 ppm (4) TSP : 30 - 330 $\mug/m^3$ (5) Pb : 0.219 - 3.116 $\mug/m^3$ (6) Cd : 0.000 - 0.070 $\mug/m^3$ (7) Cr : 0.378 - 4.098 $\mug/m^3$ (8) V : 0.000 - 1.010 $\mug/m^3$ (9) Noise : 47 - 77 dB(A) 2. The level of all air pollutants were higher in the afternoon or night than in the morning. 3. The mean concentration of $SO_2$ in all places exceede the ambient air quality standard of $SO_2$,.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2007

Nowadays, according to many studies, indoor space's pollution level is two to ten times higher than outdoor space's. This result arouses our attention. The major causes of deterioration of indoor air quality are the lack of ventilation caused by draught-proofing and insulation construction, and harmful chemical substances emitted from building materials, office machine and furniture. Therefore, we are continuing research to find the method for healthful house and production of many forms of well-being goods. However, because of exaggerated advertisements and the lack of accurate information, consumers choose the products whose performance is not verified. Therefore, this study investigates the actual conditions of pollution by building materials and the extent of the health damage by this pollution, and suggests the method for minimizing indoor pollution in aspect of indoor environment control and the use of environment friendly materials. But the building materials presented in this study are limited to the environment friendly construction materials that are in circulation In domestic market because this research is primarily aimed to give domestic consumers the standard for selecting this materials.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.521-529
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• 1997

Noise pollution, especially road traffic noise-in terms of population exposure-has become a major problem in Seoul. However, although noise can be sensed directly, it is considered somewhat less important compared to other environmental pollutions. In this study, we chose nine districts in Seoul and distributed a questionnaire containing 23 questions in related to the awareness of noise pollution for 950 people living in Seoul. The results were analyzed according to the citizens' awareness on the whole, age, occupation, and were compared to the actual noise level measured by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The analysis of the questionnarie show that road traffic noise is considered to be the main source of noise pollution in Seoul. People think that the individual and the Seoul Metropolitan Government are most responsible for the noise reduction in Seoul, but replies only little effort is put into when asked whether one has made any personal effort to reduce noise. We have concluded that noise pollution is not considered a hazardous problem to most Seoul citizens, and that most of them seem to be used to it. Yet, specific noise reduction policies, especially road traffic noise, are expected to take effect as quality of life is pursued due to economic enhancement.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2004

Benthic pollution assessment based on macrobenthic community structure with environmental variables was carried out at twelve stations during two periods on a presumed pollution gradient in Gamak Bay. Univariate and multivariate methods were applied to investigate structural changes in the benthic communities. A clear gradient of pollution effects on the macrobenthic community was observed from the interior to the exterior of the bay. The community on the northwestern basin was severely disturbed due to a low level of hydrodynamics and a large amount of pollutant input from nearby cities. Exterior regions on the southern basin appeared to have the best benthic environmental characteristics among all stations according to most methods of analysis. Central ridge regions and two stations around the islets in the mouth of the bay exhibited intermediate levels of perturbation when compared to the more disturbed interior and undisturbed exterior regions. Pollution effects on the communities were attenuated at the southern area of the central ridge during spring compared to those of summer, where aquacultural farming was densely distributed. The environmental variables primarily correlated to the macrobenthic community structure were total organic carbon (C), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and tributyltins (TBTs), contents found on the surface sediment, as anthropogenic variables indicating organic materials.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

There have been light pollution standards just for architectural lighting and sign in the "Light Pollution Abatement Law" so far. However, both of them regulate only one of the three main light pollution elements-"Glare". Therefore, it is imperative to do research on the other two light pollution elements-"Upward" and "Light Trespass" and make proper restriction. Subsequently, this study focuses on the upward light from the street light and suggests its analysis method. Eventually, this study aims to make viable management which is suitable for the nation and, in addition, to suggest appropriate level of restriction to "Light Pollution Abatement Law" by doing site survey.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회논문집; 한국과학기술회관, 8 Nov. 1996
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• pp.394-401
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• 1996

Noise pollution, especially road traffic noise has become a major problem in Seoul. However, although noise can be sensed directly, it is considered somewhat less important compared to other environmental pollutions. In this study, we chose nine districts in Seoul and distributed a questionnaire composed of 23 questions in related to the awareness of noise pollution for 950 people living in Seoul. The results were analyzed according to district area, age, occupation, and were compared to the actual noise level measured by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The analysis of the questionnaire show that road traffic noise is considered to be the main source of noise pollution in Seoul. People think that the individual and the Seoul Metropolitan Government are most responsible for the noise reduction in Seoul, but replies only little effort is put into when asked whether one has made any personal effort to reduce noise. We have concluded that noise pollution is not considered a hazardous problem to most Seoul citizens, and that most of them seem to be used to it. Yet, specific noise reduction policies, especially road traffic noise, are expected to take effect as quality of life is pursued due to economic enhancement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2019-2028
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• 2018

Natural astaxanthin mainly derives from a microalgae producer, Haematococcus pluvialis. The induction of nitrogen starvation and high light intensity is particularly significant for boosting astaxanthin production. However, the different responses to light intensity and nitrogen starvation needed to be analyzed for biomass growth and astaxanthin accumulation. The results showed that the highest level of astaxanthin production was achieved in nitrogen starvation, and was 1.64 times higher than the control group at 11 days. With regard to the optimization of light intensity utilization, it was at $200{\mu}mo/m^2/s$ under nitrogen starvation that the highest astaxanthin productivity per light intensity was achieved. In addition, both high light intensity and a nitrogen source had significant effects on multiple indicators. For example, high light intensity had a greater significant effect than a nitrogen source on biomass dry weight, astaxanthin yield and astaxanthin productivity; in contrast, nitrogen starvation was more beneficial for enhancing astaxanthin content per dry weight biomass. The data indicate that high light intensity synergizes with nitrogen starvation to stimulate the biosynthesis of astaxanthin.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

The frequency analysis and the probability plot were applied to heavy metal contents of soils collected from the Goseong Cu mine area as a statistic method for the determination of the threshold value which was able to partition a population comprising largely dispersed heavy metal contents into the background and the anomalous populations. Almost all the heavy metal contents of soil showed a positively skewed distributions and their cumulative percentage frequencies plotted as a curved lines on logarithmic probability plot which represent a mixture of two or more overlapping populations. Total Cu, Pb and Cd data and extractable Cu and Pb data could be partitioned into background and anomalous populations by using the inflection in each curve. The others showed a normally distributed population or an largely overlapped populations. The threshold values obtained from replotted frequency distributions with the partitioned populations were Cu 400 mg/kg, Pb 450 mg/kg and Cd 3.5 mg/kg in total contents and Cu 40 mg/kg and Pb 12 mg/kg in extractable contents, respectively. The thresholds for total contents are much higher than the tolerable level of soil pollution proposed by Kloke(Cu 100 mg/kg, Pb 100 mg/kg, Cd 3 mg/kg), but those for extractable contents are not exceeded the worrying level of soil pollution proposed by Ministry of Environment(Cu 50 mg/kg, Pb 100 mg/kg). When the threshold values were used as the criteria of soil pollution in the study area, $9{\sim}19%$ of investigated soil population was in polluted level. The spatial distributions of heavy metal contents greater than threshold values showed that polluted soils with heavy metals are restricted within the mountain soils in the vicinity of abandoned mines.