• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.40-53
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• 1976

This study was designed to comparse the metabolic effects of Korean diet pattern which contained all-polished rice and 70% polished rice, and to compare dietary restriction. The results were as follows. 1. Food intake survey to catch the Korean diet pattern The calory intake showed women took much more than men and farm village was higher than city, However, protein intake showed men were higher than women and decrease gradually from city, fishing village, and farm village. Calcium intake showed Seoul was the first rank of all, but was merely 70% of recommended quantities. Fe intake was greatly short especially in women and vitamin C also showed same situation. In the view of food group intake, grains and potatoes were 70.06%, vegetables and fruits 13.05%, meats fishes and beans 11.99%, respectivelly. Oil and fat intake showed lowest percentage as 0.77%. 2. Nutritional experiments albino rats have been fed for 7 weeks with three different diet: all-polished rice diet, 70% polished rice diet, and the standard diet for contral group. Dietary restriction were at 4 levels: 5% , 10%, 15%, 20% in 70% polished rice det. Body weight of 70% polished rice group gained value compare to all polished rice group. In the final organ weight all-polished rice group and 70% polished rice group and 70% polished rice group revealed similar results, but organ weight almost decreased dued to dietary restriction and statistical data showed significant differences between dietary restriction group and none-restriction group. In the femur length, 70% polished rice group was longer than all polished rice group but there was no significant differences. The nitrogen content of liver and muscle of 70% polished rice group was higher than all-polished rice group. Furthermone there was significant differences in the female (P<0.1). In the 10% restriction group(female) and 15% restriction group(male), nitrogen retention was higher than 0% restriction group. The other biochemical analysis such as liver lipid, serum cholesterol, glucose of urine, feces and serum were not revealed any significant differences. As a result of studying, it seems clear that 70% polished rice intake influenced much nourshment to white rat growth than all-porished rice intake, and there is no significant influence to animal growth and metabolic effect even if it was restricted $5{\sim}10%$ of diet.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2012

벼의 발아에서부터 생장 결실기에까지 토양, 온도, 시비조건 등의 재배환경은 벼에 발현되는 단백질체의 profile을 변화시키는 것이 잘 알려져 있다. 온도를 포함한 재배환경이 다른 경상북도 칠곡과 강원도 출원에서 재배된 오대 백미의 단백질체 profile을 2-dimensional (D) gel 상에서 분리하여 비교함으로써 재배환경에 의해 현저하게 발현양의 차이를 보이는 단백질들의 기능을 분석하였다. 오대 백미에 발현되는 112개의 단백질들의 기능을 고려할 때 재배환경에 의해 가장 유의적인 차이를 보이는 단백질 군들은 철원 오대백미의 스트레스 대응 단백질로 지베렐린 합성에 관여하는 ent-kaur-16-ene synthase이며 칠곡 오대백미의 스트레스 대응 단백질은 heat shock protein으로 재배환경에 따라 발현되는 스트레스 대응 단백질의 종류도 다르게 나타났다. 등숙온도가 높은 칠곡에서 재배된 오대 백미에는 곰팡이나 Bacillus 병원균에 대응하는 xylanase inhibitor protein이 유의적으로 발현되었으며, 철원 백미에서는 세포벽 합성관련 효소, 세포주기 관련 단백질 등이 선별적으로 발현의 증가를 보였고 수송관여 단백질들은 철원 및 칠곡 백미에서 모두 변화를 보였다. 단백질 함량과 단백질 profile을 종합적으로 분석할 때 철원 백미에는 칠곡 백미에 비해 새로운 주종 단백질들의 발현이 많았으며 칠곡 백미는 전체적인 단백질의 발현이 높게 나타났음을 보여, 재배환경에 따라 단백질 profile이 변화되는 특성이 다름을 보였는데, 이 결과는 지구온난화와 같은 기후 변화에 따른 작물의 단백질체 변화와 고급미 생산을 위해 적절한 단백질체 profile을 갖게 하는 재배조건 확립 등의 연구에 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of organic Se concentration and the number of foliar applications on growth characteristics and Se content in rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of multiple foliar applications were performed at (1) 3 times (maximum tillering stage + booting stage + heading stage), (2) 4 times I (effective tillering stage + maximum tillering stage + booting stage + heading stage), (3) 4 times II (maximum tillering stage + booting stage + heading stage + grain filling stage) according to the development stage. Each set of the foliar application plots was treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 ppm of Se and with mixed pesticide ($P^*$ + Se 40 ppm) in which the treatment time was the same as that of the treatment 4 times II. The total cultivation period of rice was 184 days. Se contents in rice (brown rice, white rice) were analyzed by ICP. CONCLUSION: The number of grains per head tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of organic Se in all treatments. However, number of panicles per hill did not show statically significant differences between the 3 times and 4 times I treatments. The grain yield decreased with the 3 times and 4 times II, but there was no significant difference in 4 times I. Se content in brown rice was the highest at 100 ppm Se (5268.64) treatment and lowest at 10 ppm Se ($1269.19{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) treatment. Se content in the polished rice was the highest at 100 ppm Se (5047.33) treatment and lowest at 10 ppm Se ($885.05{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) treatment. The higher selenium was treated, the higher Se content was found in the rice (brown rice, polished rice).

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

The production of conidia of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana by solid-state fermentation was studied for the development of a biocontrol agent against aphid Myzus persicae. The optimal conditions for conidia production on polished white rice were 40% moisture content, $25^{\circ}C$ culture temperature, 2-day-old seeding culture grown in 3% corn meal, 2% rice bran, 2% corn steep powder medium, initial conidia concentration of $10^7$ conidia/g in the wet rice, 10% inoculum size, and use of a polyethylene bag as a container. The polyethylene bag containing inoculated rice was hand-shaken every 12 hr during fermentation. Using optimal conditions, the maximum conidia production obtained was 4.05 g conidia/100 g dry rice after 14 days of cultivation, a rate 2.83 times higher than conidia yield of pre-optimization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.3289-3293
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• 2014

Femtosecond laser ablation (fs LA) was used in this study to identify pollution by heavy metals and the distribution of elemental nutrients at different rice milling ratios. Polished rice (degrees of milling of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) was collected from major Korean supermarkets and one sample thereof was selected. An internal quality control experiment was conducted using a rice flour certified reference material from the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS CRM) for the evaluation of the efficacy. To assess the effectiveness of the analysis method, the reliability was validated using a food analysis performance assessment scheme (FAPAS), with chili powder serving as an external quality control. The results of the analysis of the inorganic elements Ti, Ca, Al, Fe and Mn in white and brown rice with degrees of milling of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 using ICP-MS, ICP-OES and AAS revealed contents of 0.40, 49.2, 2.43, 5.36 and 10.3 mg/kg in white rice and 0.59, 78.0, 7.52, 11.0 and 18.5 mg/kg in brown rice, respectively. Among the elements, there were remarkable differences in the measured contents. By comparing the contents of the elements at different degrees of milling, Ti, Co, As, Ca, Al, Cu, Fe, and Mn were determined to be distributed on the surface of the rice grains, whereas the contents of Cd and Pb increased toward the center of the rice grains, and Si was evenly distributed. After the quantitative analysis of rice samples polished to different degrees of milling, Ca and Al, which were contained in large amounts, and Si were analyzed with specificity by fs LA. The results show that Ca and Al were distributed in the rice husk (protective covering of rice) and Si was distributed in all parts of the rice.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate boiled rice made from unpolished rice, Job's Tears, and extract from medicinal herbs mixture (HGMCJE) for hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods : In the response of glucose tolerance, control and diabetic rats groups was intubated with glucose and HGMCJE. Furthermore, boiled 100% polished rice (P rice), boiled unpolished rice mixed with white rice and Job's tears (polished rice:unpolished rice:Job's tears=60:25:15, UPJ-rice), and UPJ rice made from HGMCJE (HUPJ-rice) were intubated to control and diabetic rats groups, respectively. Then, blood glucose concentration, incremental blood glucose, and area under the curve (${\Delta}AUC$) were analyzed in every experimental groups, and these data were used to evaluate glycemic response. Results : When glucose and p rice were intubated in control and diabetic rats, blood glucose concentration, incremental blood glucose, and incremental response ${\Delta}AUC$ of diabetic groups were significantly increase than control groups. But administraion of a single dose of extract from medicinal herbs mixture and HUPJ-rice in control and diabetic rats inhibited the remarkable increase the level of postprandial blood and ${\Delta}AUC$ at 60, 90, and 120 min Conclusions : These results indicate that when intubation of glucose and P rice were out of control on postprandial glycemic response in diabetic rats. But postprandial glycemic response was well-modulated by administrating a single oral dose of HGMCJE and HUPJ-rice. Therefore, HGMCJE can be developed as an effective hypoglycemic agent.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 1994

노화억제제인 사이토카이닌의 엽면살포가 벼의 등숙기간중 잎의 노화, 수량 및 미질관련 주요 형질에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 합성 사이토카이닌인 BA와 DPU 10ppm을 동진벼의 출수기, 출수후 10일, 21일에 1회 처리 또는 출수후 2회 및 3회 처리하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. BA와 DPU를 출수기, 출수후 10일 및 21일에 1회 처리한 경우는 잎의 노화억제효과가 낮거나 없었으며, 출수후 10일간격으로 2회 또는 3회 연속처리의 경우는 잎의 노화억제 효과가 현저하였다. 잎의 노화억제 효과는 DPU보다 BA가 켰다. 2. BA와 DPU 모두 처리시기 및 처리횟수에 관계없이 등숙율, 천립중 및 수량의 향상 효과는 없었다. 3. BA처리에 의하여 청치와 복백미의 비율이 증가하는 경향이었으나 사미와 심백미의 비율은 차이가 없었다. 4. 백미의 아밀로스함량은 BA와 DPU처리에 의하여 변하지 않았으나 단백질함량은 BA처리에 의하여 유의하게 감소되었다. 5. 백미중의 지방함량은 1회처리에 의하여는 무처리와 차이가 없었으나 출수후 10일 간격으로 2회 및 3회 처리한 경우는 무처리에 비하여 30∼78%높아졌다. 한편 BA와 DPU처리에 의하여 불포화지방산 조성비가 다소 높아지는 경향이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1968

Dividing into six(6) experimental groups; Stock Diet(SD) Group, Rice Diet(RD) Group, Rice Diet supplemented with Barley(RD-BD) Group, Barley Diet(BD) Group, Rice Diet supplemented with Millet(RD-MD) Group, and Millet Diet(MD) Group, biochemical and nutritional effects of rice, barley, and millet on rats are studied. The grains used in this experiment are polished ones and purchased from market. Six(6) weaning male albino rats are housed into the individual cages in each group and fed with each experimental diet and water ad libitum for 21 weeks. The composition of the experimental diets are shown in Table 1. At the end of experiment, the appearences of rats are observed and the bloods are sampled by heart puncture method following ether anesthesia for determinations of serum protein and serum cholesterol. And the livers are sampled immediately right after heart after heart puncture for determinations of liver weight, liver nitrogen, liver fat, and liver glycogen. And also liver tissues are observed histologically. The result of growth experiment is shown in Table 2 and Figure 7. The results of blood analysis are shown in Table 3 and the results of liver analysis are shown in Table 4. And the histological observations of liver tissue are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. According to the above results, it could be summarized as follows; 1) The normal appearences are observed at SD Group and BD Group. Alopecia is observed at RD, RD-­BD, RD-MD, and MD groups and the wet appearences of hair are observed at RD-MD and MD groups. The color of hair is changed to yellowish white at RD, RD-MD groups. The maximum growth inhibition, is observed at MD group and the growths of RD, RD-BD, BD, and RD-MD groups are significantly lower than that of SD group. The growth of RD group is lower than those of RD-BD and BD groups, though this difference is not significant. 2) At the blood analysis, the highest serum protein content is shown at SD group and the lowest serum protein is observed at MD group. The serum cholesterol contents are not significantly different among the six(6) experimental groups. 3) The highest liver weight is observed at SD group and the lowest weight is shown at MD group. However, oppositely the highest liver weight per 100 grams of body weight at MD group and the lowest liver weight per 100 grams of body weight at SD group are observed as shown in Table 6. 4) The differences of liver nitrogen contents of RD, RB-BD, BD, RD-MD, and MD Groups are not significant except SD group showing the highest content. 5) The significant highest content of liver fat is observed at RD group and the lowest content of liver fat is shown at SD group. And no significant differences in contents of liver glycogen are observed among the six(6) experimental groups. 6) No significant abnormal histological changes of liver tissue are observed at SD, RD-BD, and BD groups. However, the fat metamorphosis at peripheral zone of liver tissue is observed at RD Group and the some histological abnormal changes are observed at RD-MD and MD groups. According to the above summaries, the followings might be estimated and recommended; 1) The BD group shows histological normality of liver tissue, improvement of liver fat and liver nitrogen, normality of appearence, and better growth compared with RD Group. This could be indicated that barley is nutritionally and biochemically better than rice as the feeding diet on rat. And it might be considered that there might be the species speciality for nutritionary evaluation of food. 2) Recently, Marshall indicated that the high consumption of carbohydrate causes fatty liver and Kondo reported that the higher consumption of rice causes the more heart disease and the shorter life span. Considering these reports, the higher consumption of rice as a main dish in our country should be considered as an important national nutritional problem. And this might be improved by supplementing with barley or other grains to rice.