• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.453-462
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• 1995

사용후 핵연료 저장구조재의 구조적 안정성자 관련해서, 감마선 조사 생성물로 알려져 있는 $H_2O$$_2$를 전해질에 주입시키었을 때, $H_2O$$_2$가 저장구조재인 304L스텐리스강의 부식거동에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. 실험결과, $H_2O$$_2$는 304L 스텐리스강의 부식전위를 상승시키고 Pitting 전위를 감소시킴으로써 부동태 영역을 줄이고 pitting 저항성을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 감마선 조사에 의한 부식 거동 변화와 유사한 결과라고 볼 수 있으며, 또한 산소농도증가에 의한 부식거동 변화와 유사한 결과로 해석되었다. 재부동태형성전위가 $H_2O$$_2$의 존재로 증가하는데, 이로써 응력부식균열임계전위는 약간 상승할 것으로 추론되었다. 그러나, $H_2O$$_2$ 농도가 6.3$\times$$10^{-6}$M 이하로 떨어질 경우, $H_2O$$_2$는 부식거동에 영향을 주지 못했다. 이는 대기압상태에서 용존된 $O_2$환원반응속도에 비해 $H_2O$$_2$환원반응속도가 작기 때문이라고 해석되었다. 중성용액보다 산성 및 염기성 용액에서, $H_2O$$_2$가 부식거동에 미치는 영향이 작아졌는데, 이는 산성용액에서는 높은 H$^{+}$ 농도 때문에, 염기성용액에서는 le Chatelier의 원칙 때문인 것으로 해석되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.404-412
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• 1990

시간분해 ESR 분광법에서는 CIDEP법과 흡수 ESR 분광법을 사용하였다. 2-프로판올과 트리에틸아민 혼합용매에서 anthraquinone이 레이저 광선에 의해서 생성된 anthraquinone 라디칼 음이온을 시간분해 ESR 분광법으로 측정하였다. 이 semiquinone 라디칼은 대단히 안정하여 cw ESR을 측정할 수 있었다. 분극된 semiquinone 라디칼이 열적 평형상태로 소멸되는 속도상수는 스핀-격자 완화시간의 역수로서 2.6 ${\times}\;1-^5$ sec$^{-1}$이다. 그리고, 그 라디칼의 소멸속도상수는 300.0 sec$^{-1}$이다. CIDEP스펙트럼의 시간의존성에 대한 강도 변화는 마이크로파 출력이 강할수록 일반적으로 증가하였다. 그러나, 지나치게 출력을 높이면 감소 곡선상에 Torrey 진동이 뒷따라 일어났다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the electrochemical properties of the thin air-formed oxide film-covered AZ31 Mg alloy. Native air-formed oxide films on AZ31 Mg alloy samples were prepared by knife-abrading method and the changes in the electrochemical properties of the air-formed oxide film were investigated in seven different electrolytes containing the following anions $Cl^-$, $F^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $CH_3COO^-$, $CO{_3}^{2-}$, and $PO{_4}^{3-}$. It was observed from open circuit potential (OCP) transients that the potential initially decreased before gradually increasing again in the solutions containing only $CO{_3}^{2-}$ or $PO{_4}^{3-}$ ions, indicating the dissolution or transformation of the native air-formed oxide film into new more protective surface films. The Nyquist plots obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that there was growth of new surface films with immersion time on the air-formed oxide film-covered specimens in all the electrolyte. The least resistive surface films were formed in fluoride and sulphate baths whereas the most protective film was formed in phosphate bath. The potentiodynamic polarization curves illustrated that passive behaviour of AZ31 Mg alloy under anodic polarization appears only in $CO{_3}^{2-}$, or $PO{_4}^{3-}$ ions containing solutions and at more than $-0.4V_{Ag/AgCl}$ in $F^-$ ion containing solution.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2017

Film of new Ti-15Zr-5Nb alloy formed during galvanic anodizing in orthophosphoric acid solution was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman micro-spectroscopy. Its anticorrosive properties were determined by electrochemical techniques. The film had a layer with nanotube-like porosity with diameters in 500-1000 nm range. The nano layer contained significant amounts of P and O as well as alloying element. Additionally, Raman micro-spectroscopy identified oxygen as oxygen ion in $TiO_2$ anatase and phosphorous as $P_2O_7{^{4-}}$ ion in phosphotitanate compound. All potentiodynamic polarization curves in artificial Carter-Brugirard saliva with pH values (pH= 3.96, 7.84, and 9.11) depending on the addition of 0.05M NaF revealed nobler behavior of anodized alloy and higher polarization resistance indicating the film is thicker and more compact nanolayer. Lower corrosion rates of the anodized alloy reduced toxicity due to less released ions into saliva. Bigger curvature radii in Nyquist plot and higher phase angle in Bode plot for the anodized alloy ascertain a thicker, more protective, insulating nanolayer existing on the anodized alloy. Additionally, ESI results indicate anodized film consists of an inner, compact, barrier, layer and an outer, less protective, porous layer.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.744-752
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• 2007

Recently a fuel oil of the diesel engine in the ship is being changed with low quality as the oil price is higher more and more. Therefore the wear and corrosion in all parts of the engine like cylinder liner ring groove of piston crown, spindle and seat ring of exhaust valve are increased with using of heavy oil of low quality In particular the degree of wear and corrosion in between valve spindle and seat ring are more serious compared to the other parts of the engine due to operating in severe environment such as the high temperature of exhaust gas and repeating impact. Thus the repair weld to the valve spindle and seat ring is a unique method to prolong the life of the exhaust valve in an economical point of view In this study. corrosion property of both weld metal zone and base metal was investigated with some electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and polarization resistance etc. in 5% $H_2SO_4$ solution. in the case of being welded with some welding methods and welding materials to the exhaust valve specimen as the base metal. In all cases. the values of hardness of the weld metal zone were more high than that of the base metal. And their corrosion resistance were also superior to the base metal. The weld metal of A2F(AC SMAW: 2 pass welding with foreign electrode) showed a relatively good results to the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness compared to the ether welding methods and welding materials. Moreover it indicated that hardness of the weld metal by the domestic electrode was considerably high compared to that of the foreign electrode.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2006

In addition to the basic properties of the base and top coating agents, corrosion resistance of non-chrome magni 565 coating and characteristics of coating film when coated to steel substrate were studied. The system had a good wettability at room temperature. Moreover, both the contact angle and surface tension were affected little by the viscosity of coating agent and surface roughness of the steel substrate. And the samples coated with optimal conditions showed a great corrosion resistance in salt spray test with 1500 hours or longer of initial appearance time of rust. The coating film was composed of overlapping layer of zinc and aluminium flakes, and the thickness of base coat increased with an increase of base coat viscosity. Based on the C-F peaks of 1,1-Difluoroethaen homo-polymer, it was thought that the base coat was an inorganic polymer bond layer. Meanwhile, the top coat showed C-F peaks of polytetrafluoroethylene with C-H peaks of phenol in FT-IR analysis. From the lower weight loss of base coat in TG analysis, it was thought that cross linking density of base coat was larger than that of top coat. It was thought that the small exothermic reactions observed in DSC curves were due to the thermosetting resins contained in the coating agents. Compared to the non-coated specimen, the coated sample showed more higher polarization resistance and corrosion potential with lower corrosion current density.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.150.2-150.2
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• 2017

This research was conducted to investigate in detail the effect of $PO_4{^{3-}}$, $CO_3{^{2-}}$ and $F^-$ anions on the electrochemical properties of the thin air-formed oxide film-covered AZ31 Mg alloy. In this work, native air-formed oxide films on AZ31 Mg alloy samples were prepared by knife-abrading method and the changes in the electrochemical properties of the air-formed oxide film were investigated in electrolytes containing 0.01 M, 0.05 M and 0.1 M of $PO_4{^{3-}}$, $CO_3{^{2-}}$ and $F^-$ anions. It was observed that the trend of open circuit potential (OCP) transients changed only in the solution containing $PO_4{^{3-}}$ ions. The Nyquist plots obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the resistance of the new surface films formed in fluoride ion containing bath increased with the increase in concentration of fluoride ions but the resistance of surface films formed in carbonate ion containing bath decreased with the increase in concentration of carbonate ions. The potentiodynamic polarization curves illustrated that under anodic polarization, there was growth of porous passive layer only in fluoride ion containing solution while the surface layer formed in phosphate and carbonate ion containing solutions lost its passivity at high anodic potential of $2.5V_{Ag/AgCl}$.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.96.2-96.2
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• 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the electrochemical properties of the thin air-formed oxide film-covered AZ31 Mg alloy. In this work, native air-formed oxide films on AZ31 Mg alloy samples were prepared by knife-abrading method and the changes in the electrochemical properties of the air-formed oxide film were investigated in seven different electrolytes containing the following anions $Cl^-$, $F^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, $CH_3COO^-$, $CO{_3}^{2-}$ and $PO{_4}^{3-}$. It was observed from open circuit potential (OCP) transients that the potential initially decreased before gradually increasing again in the solutions containing only $CO{_3}^{2-}$ or $PO{_4}^{3-}$ ions, indicating the dissolution or transformation of the native air-formed oxide film into new more protective surface films. The Nyquist plots obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that there was growth of new surface films with immersion time on the air-formed oxide film-covered specimens in all the electrolytes; the least resistive surface films were formed in fluoride and sulphate baths whereas the most protective film was formed in phosphate bath. The potentiodynamic polarization curves illustrated that passive behaviour of AZ31 Mg alloy under anodic polarization appears only in $CO{_3}^{2-}$ or $PO{_4}^{3-}$ ions containing solutions and at more than $-0.4V_{Ag/AgCl}$ in $F^-$ ion containing solution.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

The diesel engine of the merchant ship has been aperated in severe environments more and more, because the temperature of the exhaust gas of a combustion chamber is getting higher and higher with increasing use of heavy oil of law quality, due to the significant increase in the price of oil in recent some years. As a result, the degree of wear and corrosion between exhaust valve and seat ring is more serious compared to other engine parts. Thus the repair welding of exhaust valve and seat ring is a unique method to prolong the life of the exhaust valve, from an economical point of view. In this study, the corrosion property of both weld metal and base metal was investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, and polarization resistance in 5% H2SO4 solution. The test specimen was a part of an exhaust valve stem being welded as the base metal, using various welding methods. In all cases, the corrosion resistance as well as hardness of the weld metal zone was superior to the base metal. In particular, plasma welding showed relatively good properties for both corrosion resistance and hardness, compared to other welding methods. In the case of DC SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding), corrosion resistance of the weld metal zone was better than that of the base metal, although its hardness was almost same as the base metal.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.688-692
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• 2006

Ferroelectric lanthanides-substituted $Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}$ $(Bi_{4-x}Ln_xTi_3O_{12}, BLnT)$ thin films approximately 200 nm in thickness were deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition onto Pt(111)/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si(100) substrates. Many researchers reported that the lanthanides substitution for Bi in the pseudo-perovskite layer caused the distortion of TiO$_6$ octahedron in the a-b plane accompanied with a shift of the octahedron along the a-axis. In this study, the effect of lanthanides (Ln=Pr, Eu, Gd, Dy)-substitution and crystallization temperature on their ferroelectric properties of bismuth titanate $(Bi_4Ti_3O_{12}, BIT)$ thin films were investigated. As BLnT thin films were substituted to lanthanide elements (Pr, Eu, Gd, Dy) with a smaller ionic radius, the remnant polarization (2P$_r$) values had a tendency to increase and made an exception of the Eu-substituted case because $Bi_{4-x}Eu_xTi_3O_{12}$ (BET) thin films had the smaller grain sizes than the others. In this study, we confirmed that better ferroelectric properties can be expected for films composed of larger grains in bismuth layered peroskite materials. The crystallinity of the thin films was improved and the average grain size increased as the crystallization temperature,increased from 600 to 720$^{\circ}C$. Moreover, the BLnT thin film capacitor is characterized by well-saturated polarization-electric field (P-E) curves with an increase in annealing temperature. The BLnT thin films exhibited no significant degradation of switching charge for at least up to $1.0\times10^{11}$ switching cycles at a frequency of 1 MHz. From these results, we can suggest that the BLnT thin films are the suitable dielectric materials for ferroelectric random access memory applications.