• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

AnnAGNPS model was applied to a catchment mainly occupied with bushland for modeling non-point source pollution. Since the single event model cannot handle events longer than 24 hours duration, the event-based calibration was carried out using the continuous mode. As event flows affect sediment and nutrient generation and transport, the calibration of the model was performed in three steps: Hydrologic, Sediment and Nutrient calibrations. The results from hydrologic calibration for the catchment indicate a good prediction of the model with average ARE(Absolute Relative Error) of $24.6\%$ fur the runoff volume and $12\%$ for the peak flow. For the sediment calibration, the average ARE was $198.8\%$ indicating acceptable model performance for the sediment prediction. The predicted TN(Total Nitrogen) and TP(Total Phosphorus) were also found to be acceptable as the average ARE for TN and TP were $175.5\%\;and\;126.5\%$, respectively. The AnnAGNPS model was therefore approved to be appropriate to model non-point source pollution in bushland catchments. In general, the model was likely to result in underestimation for the larger events and overestimation fur the smaller events for the water quality predictions. It was also observed that the large errors in the hydrologic prediction also produced high errors in sediment and nutrient prediction. This was probably due to error propagation in which the error in the hydrologic prediction influenced the generation of error in the water quality prediction. Accurate hydrologic calibration should be hence obtained for a reliable water quality prediction.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2013

미국 환경 보호청(Environmental Protection Agency, EPA)의 생물저류 설계기준에 근거한 비점오염원 처리시설의 제거효율 및 성능을 분석하고자 기본 모형 실험장치(basic column reactor, BCR)와 파일럿 규모의 식생 실험 장치를 대상으로 각각 수행하였다. BCR을 이용하여 초기강우 유출수의 유입속도(유량), 식재 층의 조성 및 구성 비율, 등 처리시설의 설계에 필요한 적정인자 값을 도출하였으며 이를 식생 실험 장치에 적용하여 비점오염원의 제거 효율을 분석하였다. 비점오염원으로는 합성된 강우(synthetic rainfall)와 실제 현장(도로변과 주차장)에서 채수한 초기강우 유출수(first rainfall runoff)를 각각 사용하였다. 부유물질(Suspended Solid, SS), 생물학적 산소 요구량(Biochemical oxygen demand, BOD), 화학적 산소요구량(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD), 총질소(Total Nitrogen, T-N), 총인(Total Phosphorus, T-P) 분석항목 모두 80% 이상을 상회하는 제거효율을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1995

호소나 하천들의 오염은 일반적으로 점원 오염과 비점원 오염으로 구분할 수 있다. 연구 대상지역인 충주호주변은 호소 주위 도시들의 하수나 공장폐수에 의한 점원 오염뿐만 아니라, 강우에 의한 토양 침식 등에 의하여 야기되는 비점원 오염이 수년전부터 아주 중요한 오염원으로 등장되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 충주호주변의 이러한 비점원 오염을 GIS를 이용하여 정량적으로 분석하였으며, 대상 환경정보들을 데이타베이스화하여 GIS지도모형연구를 실시하였다. 지표 유출량 분석이 이루어진 후, 토양 유실량 계산과 원격탐사기법을 이용한 호소의 녹조류 분석 등이 실시되었으며, GIS 를 이용하여 구현된 환경지질정보시스템에 의하여 종합 분석되었다. 본 연구는 한국자원연구소 환경지질연구그룹에서 시행하고 있는 환경지질도작성 연구사업의 일부이며, 금번 연구결과를 토대로 차년도의 목표에서는 호소주변 개발에 따른 자연환경 오염 최소화의 개발적지 선정과 호소주변 도시들의 확장, 발달에 의한 호소 환경오염 방지 대책이 연구될 것이다.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2007년도 GIS 공동춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.246-251
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop a grid based model for calculating the critical nonpoint source (NPS) pollution load (BOD, TN, TP) in Nak-dong area in South Korea. In the last two decades, NPS pollution has become a topic for research that resulted in the development of numerous modeling techniques. Watershed researchers need to be able to emphasis on the characterization of water quality, including NPS pollution loads estimates. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been designed for the assessment of NPS pollution in a watershed. It uses different data such as DEM, precipitation, stream network, discharge, and land use data sets and utilizes a grid representation of a watershed for the approximation of average annual pollution loads and concentrations. The difficulty in traditional NPS modeling is the problem of identifying sources and quantifying the loads. This research is intended to investigate the correlation of NPS pollution concentrations with land uses in a watershed by calculating Expected Mean Concentrations (EMC). This work was accomplished using a grid based modelling technique that encompasses three stages. The first step includes estimating runoff grid by means of the precipitation grid and runoff coefficient. The second step is deriving the gird based model for calculating NPS pollution loads. The last step is validating the gird based model with traditional pollution loads calculation by applying statistical t-test method. The results on real data, illustrate the merits of the grid based modelling approach. Therefore, this model investigates a method of estimating and simulating point loads along with the spatially distributed NPS pollution loads. The pollutant concentration from local runoff is supposed to be directly related to land use in the region and is not considered to vary from event to event or within areas of similar land uses. By consideration of this point, it is anticipated that a single mean estimated pollutant concentration is assigned to all land uses rather than taking into account unique concentrations for different soil types, crops, and so on.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2020

Eutrophication of surface waters is commonly caused by excessive inputs of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Nakdong River basin was chosen as the study area to investigate the effect of point and non-point source pollution of nitrogen on eutrophication in water body. Non-point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for approximately 84% in the total nitrogen input of the upper Nakdong river watershed, which mainly consists of agricultural land and forests. However, point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for 58~85% in the total nitrogen input of the middle and lower watersheds, including urban area. Therefore, for watershed near urban area, control of point source inputs of nitrogen may be an optimal method to control eutrophication. In this respect, the enforcing reduction of nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment facilities is needed. On the other hand, to enact more stringent nitrogen regulations, the LOT (limit of technology) and environmental impact should be considered. In this study nitrogen data were analyzed to propose new nitrogen regulations.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the soil characteristics and propose the management for the Monument Beobsoo Marsh, Korea. The soil properties of O.M, $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$ and CEC were higher and the soil properties of pH_{1:5}$ and $P_2O_5$ were lower the studied sites than other marsh sites in Korea. Although the Heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and As were lower compare to the safety standard of soil pollution in Korea, the overall conservation management plan based on long-term monitoring should be considered just because it varied by the point and non-point source pollution within the studied marsh. The source of water pollution varied due to non-point polluting origins such as sewage inlet, degraded terrain for agriculture, fishing sites, sites of removed water grasses, pesticides, chemical fertilizers, as well as fallen leaves. The creation of an artificial marsh is recommended due to the soil environment of the studied sites may be changed owing to the accumulated contaminants from the sources of both of point or non-point contaminants. The establishment of the zones of core, buffer and transition which is basic management structure of the UNESCO MaB could be applied to manage the studied site. Simultaneously the promotion of voluntary participation and education of the local residents are needed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.881-891
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• 2017

In this study, the discharge loads of non-point pollution sources were analyzed using a Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model for 46 sub-watersheds in order to guide the management plan for water and streams passing through the city. The results using HSPF showed good applicability in comparison to point measurements, which were based on BOD, TP, and TN. The mean value of the BOD loads was $4.08kg/km^2$ per day, and the highest level of BOD was $17.75kg/km^2$ per day at Namri. Three potential areas of high priority for the installment of constructed wetlands were selected in order to reduce non-point pollution sources based on BOD loads and on environmental and economic conditions. The results for these scenarios indicated a maximum rate of reduction in BOD of 39.12% within the proposed constructed wetlands.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

Water quality of the Lake Youngrang in the Sokcho City is eutrophic. Jangcheon is the largest inflow source to the lake. Major pollutant sources are stormwater runoff from resort areas and various land uses in the Jangcheon watershed. A storm sewer on the southern end of the lake is also an important pollution source. In this study, water quality modelling for Lake Youngrang was carried out considering the rainfall-runoff pollution loads from the watershed. The rainfall-runoff curves and the rainfall-runoff pollutant load curves were derived from the rainfall-runoff survey data during the recent 4 years. The rainfall-runoff pollution loads and flow from the Jangcheon watershed and the storm sewer were estimated using the two kinds of curves, and they were used as the flow and the boundary data of the WASP model. With the measured water quality data of the year 2005 and 2006, WASP model was calibrated. Non-point pollution control measures such as wet pond and infiltration trench were considered as the alternative for water quality management of the lake. The predicted water quality were compared with those under the present condition, and the improvement effect of the lake water quality were analyzed.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2014

비점오염저감시설에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 도로에 자연형 비점오염저감시설 설치시 비점오염저감효율에 대한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 도로에 설치된 여러 종류의 인공습지에 대한 비점오염 저감효율을 모니터링과 유량가중평균농도법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 인공습지는 일반적인 오염물질인 TSS, COD, BOD, TN, TP에 대한 저감효율은 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 중금속인 Cr, Zn, Pb의 제거효율은 낮거나 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

This study assessed the efficiency of reducing soil erosion and suspended sediment through the restoration of alpine unauthorized and illegally cultivated fields, using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in the Mandae District. The results showed that in Scenario 5, which involved restoring unauthorized and illegal fields within forests, along rivers (banks), and in ditch areas were restored to their original land categories, achieved the highest efficiency in reducing average annual soil erosion and suspended sediment, with reductions of 8.1% and 4.5%, respectively. In particular, it was confirmed that the restoration of unauthorized and illegal fields within forested areas has a significant impact. This demonstrated that the restoration of unauthorized and illegal agricultural fields can substantially reduce the soil erosion and suspended sediment attributable to non-point source pollution. Our findings highlight the importance of managing these unauthorized and illegal agricultural activities in developing sustainable strategies within non-point source pollution management areas. This study is expected to provide important basic data to effectively establish water quality improvement strategies in the region of non-point source pollution management.