• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.799-806
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• 2012

In recent years, a new algorithm has been introduced to perform the regional overpower protection (ROP) detector layout optimization for $CANDU^{(R)}$ reactors. This algorithm is called DETPLASA. This algorithm has been shown to successfully come up with a detector layout which meets the target trip set point (TSP) value. Knowing that these ROP detectors are placed in a number of safety channels, one expects that there is an optimal placement of the candidate detectors into these channels. The objective of the present paper is to show that a slight improvement to the TSP value can be realized by optimizing the channelization of these ROP detectors. Depending on the size of the ROP system, based on numerical experiments performed in this study, the range of additional TSP improvement is from 0.16%FP (full power) to 0.56%FP.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.963-972
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• 2007

When a control chart signals that a special cause is present, process engineers must initiate a search for and an identification of the special cause. Knowing the time of the process change could lead to identify the special cause more quickly, and to take the appropriate actions immediately to improve quality. In this paper, we propose the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the process change point when a control chart is used in monitoring the parameters of a process in which the observations can be modeled as a first-order autoregressive(AR(1)) process plus an additional random error.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to identify the start and end point of TV program on Web TV. Until now, to replace realtime TV advertisement with Web TV advertisement, human work was the only way. To automatize the process, knowing the start and end point of TV program is the core technology. In this study, I extract 'Black level' between TV program and regard it as start & end point of program. The result of this study is showing that extracting 'Black level' can be a useful tool to define start & end point of TV program. And it will be also use an automatize replacement system for Web TV advertisement.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.131
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• pp.165-197
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• 2014

In this paper, I investigate on the human nature in philosophy of Wang Yang-Ming and Buddhism from a Kantian point of view. The core argument of the philosophy of Wang Yang-Ming, Buddhism and Kant is that all human beings have the pure abilities a priori to overcome themselves, to realize their own potentialities. This is called immanent transcendence. At this time human beings can be free. Kant, Wang Yang-Ming and Buddhism claim that all human beings themselves will overcome their desires from their mind and body through the immanent transcendence, reflection and contemplation on their own. When we give up the external knowledges, throw away obsessions with the selfish desires and go back to our inside, we can see our original nature. To have an insight into this inner nature, to respect the moral law a priori, this is to overcome the ourselves, and to be a Grate Man(聖人) and a Buddha. This way is the only way to be a Grate Man and a Buddha. The main proposition of Wang Yang-Ming's philosophy is expressed 'There are no things without mind.'(心外無物) The core of Kant's transcendental philosophy is called the Copernican Revolution by himself. Copernican Revolution means the transition from the object-centered epistemology to the subject-centered epistemology. 'Innate Knowing'(良知) and 'Perform Innate Knowing'(致良知), 'All human beings have the mind of Buddha'(一切衆生悉有佛性) contain the apriority, immanence of Moral Law. In this respect, the theory of Innate Knowing in Wang Yang-Ming and mind of Buddha in Buddhism, pure Moral Law in Kant has the same structure grounded in subjectivity. Even if we have the mind of Buddha, innate Knowing, moral law a priori, the reason why we don't know our original nature is that we fall into the obsessions with selfish desires, and that we have inclination to external interests. So the moment you see our original nature, ordinary people themselves turn into a Buddha. These changes and transitions are immanent transcendence. All human beings have the ability to do this changes and transitions. Buddha does not exist outside of us, but it exists with our reflections on our human nature. Buddha can not existed without our insight into the our innate Ego. Where there is our original nature, there is a Buddha. So Buddha is called the another name of the original figure of human beings.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.435-443
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• 2009

Knowing the time of the process change could lead to quicker identification of the responsible special cause and less process down time, and it could help to reduce the probability of incorrectly identifying the special cause. In this paper, we propose the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for the process change point when a control chart is used in monitoring the parameters of a process in which the observations can be modeled as a IMA(1,1).

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.417-433
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• 2023

In the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum, a new content on 'Movement of a point' was added. Therefore, this study analyzed the contents of the movement of a point presented in Finnish mathematics textbooks as elements of spatial orientation. Analysis was conducted by dividing it into direction, distance, and route. As a result of the study, in Finnish textbooks, directions were expressed in various ways, such as linguistic, visual, and coded expressions. In the case of distance, activities to move as much as the distance or compare the distance were presented using the number of cells, length, steps, coordinate points, ratio, etc. In the case of routes, activities such as moving according to instructions, making routes, finding the route, and modifying the route were presented using unconditional movement and conditional movement. In particular, the movement of a point could be linked not only to various mathematical content areas such as 'number and arithmetic' and 'change and relationship', but also to digital literacy and programming education. Knowing that the movement of a point can be presented in various ways according to the direction, distance, and route, it is expected that it can be used to organize the contents of the 2022 revised mathematics textbook.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 2012

This paper describes an implementation of automatic mutual localization of swarm robots using a particle filter. Each robot determines the location of the other robots using wireless sensors. The measured data will be used for determination of the movement method of the robot itself. It also affects the other robots' self-arrangement into formations such as circles and lines. We discuss the problem of a circle formation enclosing a target that moves. This method is the solution for enclosing an invader in a circle formation based on mutual localization of the multi-robot without infrastructure. We use trilateration, which does require knowing the value of the coordinates of the reference points. Therefore, specifying the enclosure point based on the number of robots and their relative positions in the coordinate system. A particle filter is used to improve the accuracy of the robot's location. The particle filter is operates better for mutual location of robots than any other estimation algorithms. Through the experiments, we show that the proposed scheme is stable and works well in real environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.34C no.11
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• pp.95-103
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• 1997

A robust center estimation tecnique of n-fold engineering parts is presented, which use self-organizing neural networks with generating and merging learning for training neural units. To estimate the center of the n-fold engineering parts using neural networks, the segmented boundaries of the interested part are approximated to strainght lines, and the temporal estimated centers by thecosine theorem which formed between the approximaged straight line and the reference point, , are indexed as (.sigma.-.theta.) parameteric vecstors. Then the entries of parametric vectors are fed into self-organizing nerual network. Finally, the center of the n-fold part is extracted by mean of generating and merging learning of the neurons. To accelerate the learning process, neural network uses an adaptive learning rate function to the merging process and a self-adjusting activation to generating process. Simulation results show that the centers of n-fold engineering parts are effectively estimated by proposed technique, though not knowing the error distribution of estimated centers and having less information of boundaries.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to explore nursing students' experiences of observing surgeries in the operating room. Methods: The data were collected through written scripts of nursing students who participated in the operating room practice. Data were analyzed via qualitative content analysis. Results: Five themes emerged from the data: 'preparing with the thrilled hearts toward unknown area', 'drawing back in front of the mirror of realities', 'becoming an audience at a lifesaving orchestra', 'reaching a tipping point of knowing', and 'redrawing the trajectory of dream to be a nurse'. Conclusion: This study will prove helpful in describing their needs for systemic and emotional support. Findings indicated that major contributions of surgical observations to nursing students are more integrated understandings of nursing and the determinations of their career preferences.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

A stochastic simulation model incorporated with Reed-Frost approach was derived for evaluating diagnostic performance of a test used for a screening program of an infectious disease. The Reed-Frost model was used to characterize the within-herd spread of the disease using a hypothetical example. Specifically, simulation model was aimed to estimate the number infected animals in an infected herd, in which imperfect serologic tests are performed on samples taken from herds and to illustrate better interpreting survey results at herd-level when uncertainty inevitably exists. From a risk analysis point of view, model output could be appropriate in developing economic impact assessment models requiring probabilistic estimates of herd-level performance in susceptible populations. The authors emphasize the importance of knowing the herd-level diagnostic performance, especially in performing emergency surveys in which immediate control measures should be taken following the survey. In this context this model could be used in evaluating efficacy of a survey program and monitoring infection status in the area concerned.