• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2009

This study compared FTIR with XRD method for the analysis of quartz by % recovery, coefficient of variation (CV) and influence of the interference. the results were as the following. 1. In FTIR method, the coefficient of determination ($r^2$) was 0.9998 in a calibration curve of $695\;cm^{-1}$, and the limit of detection was $4.9{\mu}g/sample$. 2. The highest recovery was $799\;cm^{-1}$ (98.2%). 3. The CVpooled of the FTIR method was approximately 10% in three wave numbers. 4. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative for quartz is difficult with mixed cristobalite and iron oxide. 5. In XRD method with rotating sample holder and LynxEye detector, the coefficient of determination was 0.9996 in a calibration curve, and the limit of detection was $5.9{\mu}g/sample$. 6. The recovery and CV pooled were 104.3%, and 11 %, respectively. 7. In muffle furnace ashing, the quartz weight decreased to 34% when the maximum weight of the iron oxide was more than eight times. In conclusion, the accuracy (% recovery) and precision (CV) of FTIR and XRD method for analyzing $\alpha$-quartz were similar. FTIR method was a disadvantage for sample matrix because it indicates possibility of interference. However, XRD method distinguished specific crystalline forms of silica, and the majority of silicate minerals. In addition, XRD method recommend filter dissolution to pretreatment method.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2001

The wide deep penetrating wound of maxillofacial region should be early closed under emergency general anesthesia for the prevention of complications of bleeding, infection, shock & residual scars. But, if the emergency general anesthesia wound be impossible because of pneumoconiosis, obstructive pulmonary disease & hypovolemic shock, early primary closure should be done under local anesthesia by use of much amount of the anesthetic solution. The maximum dose of dental lidocaine (2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine) is reported to 7 mg/kg under 500 mg (13.8 ampules) in normal adult. But the maximum permissible dose of dental lidocaine can be changed owing to the general health, rapidity of injection, resorption, distribution & excretion of the drug. The blood level of overdose toxicity is above $4.0{\mu}g/ml$ in central nervous & cardiovascular system. The injection of dental lidocaine 1-4 ampules is attained to the blood level of $1{\mu}g/ml$ in normal healthy adult. The duration of anesthetic action in the dental 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100.000 epinephrine is 45 to 75 minutes and the period to elimination is about 2 to 4 hours. Therefore, authors selected the following anesthetic methods that the first injection of 6 ampules is applied into the deeper periosteal layer for anesthetic action during 1 hour, the second injection into the deeper muscle & fascial layer, the third injection into the superficial muscle and fascial layer, the fourth injection into the proximal skin & subcutaneous tissue and the fifth final injection into the distal skin & subcutaneous tissue. The total 26-28 ampules of dental lidocaine were injected into the wound as the regular time interval during 5-6 hours, but there were no systemic complications, such as, agitation, talkativeness, convulsion and specific change of vital signs and consciousness.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2002

경금속 진폐증에 속하는 거대세포 간질성 폐렴은 경금속을 사용한 절삭, 연마의 과정 중 발생하는 분진을 흡입하여 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이러한 직업력이 불분명한 증례를 개흉생검술을 통해 진단하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.227-239
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• 1993

The author selected 77 dust emissing processes from 71 types of industries which placed in Sasang Industrial Complex in Pusan. The level of total dust was measured as areal concentration and personal exposure concentration by low volume air sampler and personal air sampler, respectively. Collected samples were classified into 5 groups (chemicals and rubber product, metal product, sawmills and wood, foundries and others). Respirable particulate and total dust of areal and personal exposure were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. All of the respirable dust concentration and total dust of areal and personal concentration were log-normally distributed. 2. Geometric mean of respirable particulate of personal exposure concentration measured $0.55mg/m^3$ in the first group, $0.86mg/m^3$ in the second group, $0.39mg/m^3$ in the third group, $0.81mg/m^3$ in the forth group and $0.52mg/m^3$ in the fifith group. The exceed rates over TLV (thehold limit values) of total dust were 31.3% in the first group, 31.3% in the second group, 70% in the third group, 80% in the forth group and 13.3% in the fifth group. 3. There were singnificant difference between areal and personal exposure concentration and personal exposure concentration was higher than that of area. 4. In the case of high ratio of respirable particulate to total dust, pneumoconiosis incidence was high even though the workshop was opened and emissing dust concentration was low. These findings suggest that it is desirable to measure respirable particulate in environmental assessment of dust emissing workshops.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.176-192
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analysis change of industrial health and safety before and after economic crisis(1997~1998). The data were obtained through mail interview with health supervisor(occupational health nurses) during February, 1999. The final sample was consisted of 127 respondents, 97 are selected in this study. The major findings were as follows: First, the percent of industries whose empl safe supervisors, physicians and industry hygi decreased in number is 79.4%, 3.8%, 50.0 21.5% in each. Second, man receiving over 1.5 million won as an average wage of health supervisor is 27.5% in 1997, but it decreased to 25.3% in 1998. Man receiving under 100~150 million won is 48.4% in 1997, but this percent decreased to 36.3% in 1998 and 13.6% of health supervisor regularly were transformed to contingent worker in 1998. Third, especially, budgets for health and saf work place decreased to 13.8% in 1998 than 19. Fourth, industrial accident case, unre accident case, occupational disease decreased than 1997, but mortality from industrial a increased in 250%. Fifth, according to the health diagnosis report, number of case with evidence of disease increased in liver disease, tuberculosis and so on, and number of case with evidence of occupational disease increased in noise induced hearing loss, pneumoconiosis. organic solvent poisoning and so on. Sixth, this survey shows that health council, health education in duty of health supervisor was conducted passive in 1998 thin 1997, and percent of hold two or more positions is 47.6% in medical insurance, 10.7% in accountant's business 8.3 in secretory. 7.1% in telephone operator awl 22.6% in etc. Seventh, distress of health supervisor after economic crisis is 30.9% in employment instability, 19.8% in hold two or more positions and decrease of budgets. For subjugation of the trouble, the respond of active policy of government occupied most.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권1호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2011

Pulmonary siderosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by chronic iron inhalation. A diagnosis of pulmonary siderosis is based on a patient history of iron inhalation, on chest radiographic findings, and on accumulation of iron oxide in macrophages within the lung. A typical radiographic finding of pulmonary siderosis includes ill-defined micronodules that are diffusely distributed in the lung. We experienced a 52-year-woman with a $1.3{\times}1.5$-cm mass in the left upper lobe with multiple nodules in both lungs. Because the radiographic findings were atypical, we conducted a video-assisted thorascopic lung biopsy procedure to exclude the diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer. After confirming iron deposition in the lung tissue and knowing the patient's occupational history of welding iron, we concluded that this was a case of pulmonary siderosis.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.404-413
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• 2019

Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is an important cause of mortality in workers exposed to hazardous dust, such as crystalline silica or coal, and COPD is related to inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of oxidative stress and inflammation to COPD in retired workers exposed to mineral dust. Methods: The levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) in EBC as biomarkers for oxidative stress and C-reactive protein(CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LD) as biomarkers for inflammation were measured in 107 male subjects(63 pneumoconiosis and 42 COPD subjects). Results: Mean levels of EBC MDA(2.03 nmol/L vs. 4.65 nmol/L, p=0.010) and serum LD(170.3 U/L vs. 185.9 U/L, p=0.022) were significantly higher in subjects with COPD, but mean levels of serum CRP(p=0.469) did not show a statistical difference between the study groups. Level of EBC MDA was negatively correlated with ${%}FEV_1$ predicted(r=-0.279, p=0.004) and ${%}FEV_1/FVC$ ratio(r=-0.397, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that EBC is a useful biological matrix for investigation of respiratory oxidative stress. High levels of EBC MDA and serum LD are related to COPD in retired workers exposed to mineral dust.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2024

The 2023 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) revised the definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to broadly include a variety of etiologies. A new taxonomy, composed of etiotypes, aims to highlight the heterogeneity in causes and pathogenesis of COPD, allowing more personalized management strategies and emphasizing the need for targeted research to understand and manage COPD better. However, controversy arises with including some diseases under the umbrella term of COPD, as their clinical presentations and treatments differ from classical COPD, which is smoking-related. COPD due to infection (COPD-I) and COPD due to environmental exposure (COPD-P) are classifications within the new taxonomy. Some disease entities in these categories show distinct clinical features and may not benefit from conventional COPD treatments, raising questions about their classification as COPD subtypes. There is also controversy regarding whether bronchiectasis with airflow limitations should be classified as an etiotype of COPD. This article discusses controversial issues associated with the proposed etiotypes for COPD in terms of COPD-I, COPD-P, and bronchiectasis. While the updated COPD definition by GOLD 2023 is a major step towards recognizing the disease's complexity, it also raises questions about the classification of related respiratory conditions. This highlights the need for further research to improve our understanding and approach to COPD management.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 1992

유리규산과 자연산 석탄분진의 투여량과 관찰기간에 따른 폐조직과 hydroxyproline 량의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 대조군의 흰쥐에는 생리식염수 0.5ml를 기관지내에 주입하였고 실험군에는 생리식염수 0.5ml에 자연산석탄분진과 유리규산분진이 각각 10 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg씩 함유되도록 혼탁액을 만들어 이를 대조군과 같은 방법으로 주입한후 3주째와 20주째에 실험동물을 도살하여 젖은폐의 무게, 폐조직의 hydroxyproline량 그리고 폐의 조직학적 변화를 관찰한 바 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 자연산석탄분진 10 mg과 30 mg 투여군의 3주째를 제외한 모든 실험군의 젖은폐의 무게는 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고(p<0.05), 유리규산 분진투여군에서는 20주째에 같은량의 자연산석탄분진을 투여한 군에 비하여 그리고 같은량의 유리규산분진을 투여한 군에서는 3주째에 비하여 20주째 젖은폐의 무게가 현저히 증가하였다(p<0.05). 2) 자연산석탄분진과 유리규산분진을 투여한 실험각군의 hydroxyproline 20주째에 대조군에 비하여, 그리고 동일한 분진의 같은량을 투여한 군에서는 3주째에 비하여 20주째 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 유리규산분진 30 mg과 50 mg 투여군은 20주째에 같은량의 자연산석탄분진 투여한 군에 비하여 현저하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3) 분진의 투여량과 관찰기간이 같을때는 자연산석탄분진 투여군에 비하여 유리규산분진투여군에서 폐포간질과 폐포강내에 다형핵 백혈구, 섬유아세포, 대식세포가 증가하였고 폐포강내 삼출액이 관찰되었다. 진폐성결절은 3주째에 유리규산분진 30 mg과 50 mg 투여군에서만 관찰된 반면 20주째에는 모든 실험군에서 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 폐조직내 hydroxyproline 량의 증가와 진폐성 결절의 형성은 분진을 투여한 초기보다 후기에 현저하였고 자연산석탄분진보다 유리규산분진투여시 조기에 진폐증이 발생됨을 경험하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2006

목 적: 기관지 탄분 섬유화증은 국내에서 드물지 않게 관찰되는 특징적인 소견으로, 기관지 내시경상 기관지내 탄분 침착 및 협착 소견이 관찰된다. 이는 외국의 보고에서는 찾아보기 힘든 병변이며, 아직 결핵과의 관련성만 추측할 뿐 뚜렷한 원인이나 발병기전에 대해 알려진 바는 없다. 이에 본 저자들은 기관지 내시경상 탄분 침착을 보이는 환자들의 임상양상 및 연관된 질환을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 방 법: 2000년부터 2004년까지 건양대학교 병원에서 기관지내시경 검사를 시행한 환자 1340명중에서 기관지 탄분 섬유화증의 병변이 기술된 70명(5.2%)의 환자의 임상양상 및 최종 진단을 확인하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상자의 평균연령은 $60.6{\pm}9.2$세로 대부분 고령이었고, 여성이 44명(62.9%)으로 남성26명(37.1%)보다 많았다. 탄분증과 흡연의 관계는 비흡연가가 56명, 흡연가가 14명으로 비흡연가가 흡연가에 비해 4배정도 많아 탄분증과 흡연은 관계가 없는 것으로 보였다. 거주지를 도시와 농촌으로 비교하였을 때 도농간 차이는 보이지 않았다(34명 vs 36명). 기타 특별한 사회 인구학적 차이는 없었다. 입원 당시 환자들의 증상은 대부분 기침이 주된 증상이었다. 기관지 내시경상 기관지 폐쇄 소견을 보인 환자는 21명(30.0%)이었고 주로 우상엽과 우중엽부위가 많았다. 최종 진단으로는 객담 항산균 검사 및 조직소견(PCR포함) 등으로 확진된 결핵이 34례(48.6%)이고, 나머지 환자 중에 과거에 결핵을 앓은 병력이 있는 환자가 6례로 총 40례(57.1%)에서 결핵과 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 밖에 고혈압 15례(21%), 당뇨병 9례(13%), 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 7례(10%), 폐암 6례(8.6%), 진폐증 1례(1.4%), 천식 1례(1.4%)로 나타났다. 결 론: 기관지 내시경상 기관지 탄분 섬유화증의 병변은 5.2%의 유병률을 보였으며, 고령의 여자에서 높은 빈도를 보이며, 57.1%에서 결핵과는 연관성이 있었다.