• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.349-354
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• 2001

The present study addresses the open end correction associated with the reflection and discharge phenomena of a weak shock wave from an open end of a duct. The open end correction of the weak shock wave is investigated experimentally and by numerical computation. An experiment is made using a simple shock tube with an open end, and computation is performed to simulate the experimental flow field using the unsteady, axisymmetric, compressible, flow governing equations. The results obtained show that an open end correction should be involved for shock wave discharge and reflection problems generated from the exit of the duct with an open end baffle plate. With a baffle plate less than three times the duct diameter, it is found that the open end correction is a function of both the diameter of the baffle plate and normal shock wave magnitude. However, for a baffle plate larger than three times the duct diameter, it is independent of the baffle plate diameter. The present computations predict the results of shock tube experiment with good accuracy. A new empirical equation for prediction of the open end correction is found for the weak shock reflection and discharge phenomena occurring at the open end of the duct with and without a baffle plate.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2105-2114
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• 2006

In this paper, a simplified model is studied to predict analytically the vibration from the helical gear system due to an axial excitation of helical gears. The simplified model describes gear, shaft, bearing, and housing. In order to obtain the axial force of helical gears, the mesh stiffness is calculated in the load deflection relation. The axial force is obtained from the solution of the equation of motion, using the mesh stiffness. It is used as a longitudinal excitation of the shaft, which in turn drives the gear housing through the bearing. In this study, the shaft is modeled as a rod, while the bearing is modeled as a parallel spring and damper only supporting longitudinal forces. The gear housing is modeled as a clamped circular plate with viscous damping. For the modeling of this system, transfer matrices for the rod and bearing are used, using a spectral method with four pole parameters. The model is validated by finite element analysis. Using the model, parameter studies are carried out. As a result, the linearized dynamic shaft force due to the gear excitation in the frequency domain was proposed. Out-of-plan displacement from the forced vibrating circular plate and the renewed mode normalization constant of the circular plate were also proposed. In order to control the axial vibration of the helical gear system, the plate was more important than the shaft and the bearing. Finally, the effect of the dominant design parameters for the gear system can be investigated by this model.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2001

The present study addresses the open correction associated with the reflection and discharge phenomena of a weak shock wave from an open end of a duct. The open correction of the weak shock wave is investigated experimentally and by numerical computation. An experiment is made using a simple shock tube with an open end. and computaion is performed to simulate the experimental flow field using the unsteady, axisymmetric compressible. flow governing equations. The results obtained show the an open correction should be involved for shock wave discharge and reflection problems generated from the exit of the duct with an open baffle plate. With a baffle plate less than three times the duct diameter, it is found that the open end correction is a function of both the diameter of the baffle plate and normal shock wave magnitude However, for a baffle plate larger than three the duct diameter it is independent of the baffle plate diametre, The present computations predict the results of shock tube experiment with good accuracy. A new empirical equation for prediction of the open correction is found for the weak shock reflection and discharge phenomena occurring at the open of the duct with and without a baffle plate.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2003

In the present investigation, the nonlinear dynamic buckling of a curved plate subjected to sinusoidal loading is examined. By the theoretical analyses, a highly nonlinear snap-through motion of a clamped-free-clamped-free plate and its effect on the overall vibration response are investigated. The problem is reduced to that of a single degree of freedom system with the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. The resulting nonlinear governing equation is solved using Runge-Kutta (RK-4) numerical integration method. The snap-through boundaries, which vary with different damping coefficient and linear circular frequency of the flat plate are studied and given in terms of force and displacement. The relationships between static and dynamic responses at the start of a snap-through motion are also predicted. The analysis brings out various characteristic features of the phenomenon, i.e. 1) small oscillation about the buckled position-softening spring type motion, 2) chaotic motion of intermittent snap-through, and 3) large oscillation of continuous snap-through motion crossing the two buckled positions-hardening spring type. The responses of buckled plate were found to be greatly affected by the snap-through motion. Therefore, better understanding of the snap-through motion is needed to predict the full dynamic response of a curved plate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.205-225
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• 2016

In this study the finite element method is utilized to predict the deflection and vibration characteristics of rectangular plates made of saturated porous functionally graded materials (PFGM) within the framework of the third order shear deformation plate theory. Material properties of PFGM plate are supposed to vary continuously along the thickness direction according to the power-law form and the porous plate is assumed of the form where pores are saturated with fluid. Various edge conditions of the plate are analyzed. The governing equations of motion are derived through energy method, using calculus of variations while the finite element model is derived based on the constitutive equation of the porous material. According to the numerical results, it is revealed that the proposed modeling and finite element approach can provide accurate deflection and frequency results of the PFGM plates as compared to the previously published results in literature. The detailed mathematical derivations are presented and numerical investigations are performed while the emphasis is placed on investigating the effect of the several parameters such as porosity volume fraction, material distribution profile, mode number and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and deflection of the PFGM plates in detail. It is explicitly shown that the deflection and vibration behaviour of porous FGM plates are significantly influenced by these effects. Numerical results are presented to serve as benchmarks for future analyses of FGM plates with porosity phases.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.199-203
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• 2004

In this paper, a simplified model is studied to predict analytically the radiated noise from the helical gear system due to an axial excitation of helical gear. The simplified model describes gear, shaft, bearing, and housing. To obtain the axial force of helical gear, mesh stiffness is calculated in the load deflection relation. The axial force is obtained from the solution of the equation of motion, using the mesh stiffness. It is used as a longitudinal excitation of the shaft, which in turn drives the gear housing through the bearing. In this study, the shaft is modeled as a rod, while the bearing is modeled as a parallel spring and damper only supporting longitudinal forces. The gear housing is modeled as a clamped circular plate with viscous damping. For the modeling of this system, transfer function from the shaft to the clamped plate are used, using a spectral method with four pole parameters. Out-of-plane displacement for the thin circular plate with viscous damping is derived and sound pressure radiated from the plate is also derived. Using the model, parameter studies are carried out.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

In this paper, the buckling of micro sandwich hollow circular plate is investigated with the consideration of the porous core and piezoelectric layer reinforced by functionally graded (FG)carbon nano-tube. For modeling the displacement field of sandwich hollow circular plate, the high-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) of plate and modified couple stress theory (MCST) are used. The governing differential equations of the system can be derived using the principle of minimum potential energy and Maxwell's equation that for solving these equations, the Ritz method is employed. The results of this research indicate the influence of various parameters such as porous coefficients, small length scale parameter, distribution of carbon nano-tube in piezoelectric layers and temperature on critical buckling load. The purpose of this research is to show the effect of physical parameters on the critical buckling load of micro sandwich plate and then optimize these parameters to design structures with the best efficiency. The results of this research can be used for optimization of micro-structures and manufacturing different structure in aircraft and aerospace.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2022

This study investigates the wave propagation in porous functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates subjected to hygrothermal environments. A new simple three-unknown first-ordershear deformation theory (FSDT) incorporating an integral term is utilized in this paper. Only three unknowns are used to formulate the governing differential equation by applying the Hamilton principle. The FG layer of the sandwich plate is modeled using the power-law function with evenly distributed porosities to represent the defects of the manufacturing process. The plate is subjected to nonlinear hygrothermal changes across the thickness. The effects of the power-law exponent, core to thickness ratios, porosity volume, and the relations between volume fraction and wave properties of porous FG plate under the hygrothermal environment are investigated. The results showed that the waves' phase velocities increase linearly with the waves number in the FGM plate. The porosity of the FG materials plate has a noticeable impact on the phase velocity when considering the high ratios of the core layer. It has a negligible effect on small core layers. Finally, it is observed that changing temperatures and moistures do not influence the relationship between the power law and the phase velocity.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 유공형 형상의 GFRP 판으로 전단 보강된 플랫 플레이트의 전단거동을 실험을 통해 평가하였다. GFRP 판은 개구부가 있는 판의 형태로서 콘크리트와의 일체화 거동을 위하여 콘크리트에 매립하여 시공하였다. 실험 변수로는 기둥면과 첫 번째 GFRP 판의 세로 스트립 사이의 간격, GFRP 판의 세로 스트립의 개수를 선정하였다. GFRP 판의 세로 스트립의 개수가 증가할수록 전단강도도 증가하는 결과를 보여주었다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 GFRP 판으로 보강된 플랫 플레이트의 전단강도가 ACI 318, BS 8110, EUROCODE 2, KCI에서 제시하고 있는 전단강도와 비교하여 가장 합리적인 규준을 평가하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 1997

In this paper, design sensivity of plate natural frequency is computed for thickness design variables. Once the variational equation is derived from Lagrange quation using the virtual displacement, governing energy bilinear form is obtained and sensivity equation is formulated through the first variation. Natural frequency is obtained using the commercial FEM code and the accuracy of sensivity is verified by finite difference. The accuracy of natural frequency and sensivity improves for the fine mesh model.