• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-74
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• 2011

Purpose: Sarcoidosis is a systemic noncaseating granulomatous disease of an unknown origin, and can involve any organ including the skin. The infiltration of sarcoid granuloma in an old cutaneous scar is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis. This paper reports a 35-year old female who presented with cutanesous nodules in previous facial scars. Methods: A 35-year-old female presented with cutaneous nodules for 2 months in previous scars of the forehead and lower lip that she had acquired in the childhood. An excisional biopsy of the lower lip mass, serologic examinations and radiologic studies were performed. Results: The excisional biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Chest CT revealed both hilar and paratracheal lymphadenopathy with nodular densities in both lung fields. Routine laboratory tests, serologic tests, serum angiotensin converting enzyme level, sputum for acid-fast bacilli, ophthalmoscopic examination, TB-PCR and NTM-PCR showed normal findings. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. The patient refused fiberoptic bronchoscopy and medication with oral steroid. Currently, the clinical manifestation and progress are being monitored closely, and treatment is expected to start with oral steroid according to the progress. Conclusion: For the proper management of cutaneous sarcoidosis, particularly scar sarcoidosis, plastic surgeons should be aware of the many clinical and histopathological features of sarcoidosis and recommend a systemic evaluation for early diagnosis and proper treatment.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Background: Tongue reconstruction is challenging with the unique function and anatomy. Goals for reconstruction differ depending on the extent of reconstruction. Thin and pliable flaps are useful for tongue tip reconstruction, for appearance and mobility. This study reports lateral arm free flap (LAFF) as a safe and optimal option for hemi-tongue reconstruction, especially for tongue tip after hemiglossectomy. Methods: Thirteen LAFFs were performed for hemi-tongue reconstruction after hemiglossectomy from 1995 to 2018. Of the 13 patients, seven were male and six were female, age varying from 24 to 64 years. Results: All flaps healed uneventfully without complications. Donor sites were closed primarily. The recipient vessels for microvascular anastomosis were mainly superior thyroidal artery, external jugular vein. All patients returned to normal diet, with no complaints regarding reconstructed tongue and donor site. Conclusion: The LAFF is hairless, thin (especially with lateral epicondyle approach), and potentially sensate. They are advantageous features for tongue tip and hemi-tongue reconstruction. Donor site sacrifices the inessential posterior radial collateral artery, and the scar is hidden under short sleeve shirts. We believe that LAFF can be considered as the first choice flap for hemitongue reconstruction, over radial forearm free flaps.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.449-454
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• 2019

Background Most patients with head and neck cancer successfully undergo oncologic resection followed by free or local flap reconstruction, depending on the tumor's size and location. Despite effective curative resection and reconstruction, head and neck cancer patients still face a high risk of recurrence and the possibility of a second primary cancer. Moreover, surgeons hesitate to perform sequential reconstruction following curative resection for several reasons. Few large-scale studies on this subject are available. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the outcome of sequential head and neck reconstruction to determine the possible risks. Methods In total, 467 patients underwent head and neck reconstruction following cancer resection at our center from 2008 to 2017. Of these cases, we retrospectively reviewed the demographic and clinical features of 58 who had sequential head and neck reconstruction following resection of recurrent cancer. Results Our study included 43 males (74.1%) and 15 females (25.9%). The mean age at the initial operation was $55.4{\pm}15.3years$, while the mean age at the most recent operation was $59.0{\pm}14.3years$. The interval between the first and second operations was $49.2{\pm}62.4months$. Twelve patients (20.7%) underwent surgery on the tongue, and 12 (20.7%) had procedures on the oropharynx. Thirty-four patients (58.6%) received a sequential free flap reconstruction, and 24 patients (41.4%) were treated using locoregional flaps. No cases of flap failure occurred. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patients who need additional operations with recurrent head and neck cancer could optimally benefit from sequential curative resections and reconstructions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2021

Background The Sunnybrook facial grading scale is a comprehensive scale for the evaluation of facial paralysis patients. Its results greatly depend on subjective input. This study aimed to develop and validate an automated Sunnybrook facial grading scale (SBface) to more objectively assess disfigurement due to facial paralysis. Methods An application compatible with iOS version 11.0 and up was developed. The software automatically detected facial features in standardized photographs and generated scores following the Sunnybrook facial grading scale. Photographic data from 30 unilateral facial paralysis patients were randomly sampled for validation. Intrarater reliability was tested by conducting two identical tests at a 2-week interval. Interrater reliability was tested between the software and three facial nerve clinicians. Results A beta version of the SBface application was tested. Intrarater reliability showed excellent congruence between the two tests. Moderate to strong positive correlations were found between the software and an otolaryngologist, including the total scores of the three individual software domains and composite scores. However, 74.4% (29/39) of the subdomain items showed low to zero correlation with the human raters (κ<0.2). The correlations between the human raters showed good congruence for most of the total and composite scores, with 10.3% (4/39) of the subdomain items failing to correspond (κ<0.2). Conclusions The SBface application is efficient and accurate for evaluating the degree of facial paralysis based on the Sunnybrook facial grading scale. However, correlations of the software-derived results with those of human raters are limited by the software algorithm and the raters' inconsistency.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2023

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a variant of the ossifying fibroma and includes two histopathological subtypes: trabecular and psammomatoid. Psammomatoid JOF (PJOF) in craniofacial structures should be distinguished from other fibro-osseous lesions, such as fibrous dysplasia (FD), considering the difference in the treatment protocols. Here, we present a rare case of PJOF that was initially misdiagnosed as a case of FD and emphasize the importance of considering JOF in the differential diagnosis of patients with craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions. A 4-year-old boy demonstrated progressive enlargement of the zygomaticomaxillary area on his left side for the last 6 months. The patient was diagnosed as a case of FD based on the clinical features and radiographic findings, and was operated considering the rapid progression. To achieve facial symmetry, contouring of the zygomatic bone and arch was performed. However, the patient demonstrated rapid enlargement at the 3-month postoperative follow-up. The decision was made to surgically remove the tumor due to visual field impairment. Intraoperatively, a rubbery mass, which was separated from the surrounding cortical bone, was identified and excised. The lesion was confirmed as PJOF by histopathological examination. The possibility of PJOF should not be ruled out in the differential diagnosis of patients with fibrous-osseous lesions. In the event of suspected PJOF, accurate diagnosis should be made through definitive biopsy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.78-82
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• 2023

Blue nevi, which are characterized by collections of pigment-producing melanocytes in the dermis, have a variety of clinicopathological characteristics. Plaque-type blue nevus (PTBN) is a variant of blue nevi. PTBN presents at birth or arises in early childhood, and it shows a combination of the features found in common blue nevus and cellular blue nevus. It is typically found on the dorsal surface of the hands and feet or on the head and neck, and it is usually benign and stable over time. However, reports have occasionally described malignant melanomas developing in or associated with a PTBN. Malignant blue nevi are most commonly found on the scalp. We report the case of an 88-year-old woman with a malignant melanoma associated with a PTBN of the cheek.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2024

Myxoma is a locally invasive neoplasm usually involving the jaw bones, typically occurs between the second and fourth decades. This tumor may comprise 3%-6% of odontogenic tumors. Myxomas of the soft tissue of the face are very rare. We present an unusual case of myxofibroma occurring in a 13-year-old man involving the soft tissue of the face. It congenitally occurred and was a 1 cm sized, ovoid in shape, swelling located on the glabella without any symptoms. An excisional biopsy was performed. A well encapsulated ovoid mass was attached to the corrugator supercilli muscle below the frontalis muscle. It was measured 1.1 × 1 × 0.8 cm and completely excised. Histological examination revealed myxofibroma showing stellate and spinde-shaped cells throughout myxoid ground substance. The unusual features of this case are the site of the tumor, which was localized to the non-tooth bearing area of the mandible and its congenital occurrence history.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.383-396
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• 2000

Before the advent of early plastic or maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, facial features could only be replaced and mimicked by prosthetic, artificial means. Facial deformity or dysfunction, whether congenital or acquired by trauma or mutilating disease, has long been an area of constant research, development and innovation in many cultures of the world. One of the greatest contributors to the need for maxillofacial prosthetics has been physical conflict and warfare. The use of maxillofacial prostheses is not merely the replacement of a missing or disfigured aspect of the face, but the rehabilitation of that individual back into the society from which they originate. Rehabilitation includes the restoration of the person's self worth and confidence, not just physically but psychologically. In sixteenth century, Ambroise Pare, French military surgeon, first have tried many maxillofacial prosthetics for injured war soldiers with papier-mache, silver, gold and copper. According to patient's demand who lost their maxillofacial figures, maxillofacial personnel have increased and prosthetic's skill have been advanced all of the world. Over the last decade, there has been a very rapid development in technical possibilities to provide patients with facial prostheses retained by skin penetrating implants. This article will present overall history of maxillofacial prostheses and some background information on the materials used from the old world. And to overcome still many limitation of prosthetic, new minds and new ideas for technique and materials should be developed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.spc3
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• pp.251-263
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• 2006

The purpose of this thesis is to make clear of the evaluation structure of sensibility by the colored plastic's roughness through the vision. I presented these samples to the testee, collected. surveys and analyzed. As a result of analyzation of relationship between the sensibility and the physical features, the key figures of sensibility analyzation by the roughness of the plastic can be displayed with three axis. Also, these results are showing the differences of the sensibilities for the five-presented colored samples and roughness. These results are expected to be utilized as the basic research material for the surface design sensibility evaluation by roughness and color before the surface treatment of plastics or other materials.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.392-398
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• 2016

Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) composed of mainly wood flour and thermoplastics have attracted considerable attentions due to advantages of cost effectiveness, high durability, and microbial resistance. However, relatively poor fire resistance of WPCs from low thermal stability of wood and plastics prevents further uses. This study investigated the effect of expandable graphite (EG) and aluminium hydroxide (AH)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) on the properties of WPCs. The combined incorporation of both EG and metal hydroxide (i.e., AH or MH) into formulations leads to higher flexural modulus of filled composites compared to neat PP and WPC. In thermal properties, EG played an important role in improving thermal stability of filled composites by suppressing thermal decompositions of wood and PP. Moreover, EG showed better water absorption features. From this research, it can be said that EG and metal hydroxides have potentials as effective reinforcement, flame retardant, and moisture barrier.