• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.145-149
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• 1987

The technique of radial artery cannulation and its complications are well documented, but serious complications are rare. This is a report of one case of amputation of wrist due to finger necrosis developed from the radial artery cannulation in patient who had craniectomy surgery. This 52-year-old 70kg male underwent subdural hematoma removal surgery. Right radial artery cannulation was carried out percutaneously using 22 gauge Teflon extracath needle after modified Allen's test appeared to be positive. It was intermittently flushed by heparinized solution. His arterial blood pressure was maintained 100/70 - 110/80mmHg and 5 units of banked whole blood and 1 unit of fresh frozen plasma were transfused during 8-hours operation. Cannula was removed on the 9th hour after operation because that was obstructed. On the 12th hour after removal of cannula, his right hand noted to be cool and cyanotic. So, warm towel and hot bag applied continuonsly on the right hand and the right stellate ganglion block was carried out everyday for 4 times. However, on the 10th day after removal of cannula, necrotic change of all fingers of the right hand became worse and skin of fingers were shrunken. Therefore, disarticulation of the right wrist carried out on the 71th day of his hospitalization.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 2006

Granisetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist that is used therapeutically for the prevention of vomiting and nausea associated with emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Although this drug is commercially available for intravenous and oral dosage, there is a need for intranasal delivery formulations in specific patient populations in which the use of these dosage forms may be unfeasible and/or inconvenient. A rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatography method with mass spectrometric detection(LC-MS) was developed and validated for the analysis of granisetron in plasma after nasal administration in rats. This method has been validated for concentrations ranging from 5 to 1000 ng/ml with simple treatment. This technique has high level reproducibility, accuracy, and sensitivity. The method described was found to be suitable for the analysis of all samples collected during preclinical pharmacokinetic investigations of granisetron in rats after nasal administration. This study was aimed to investigate the feasibility of nasal delivery of granisetron for the elimination of vomiting. The effects of osmolarity, dosage volume at the same dose and applied dose on the nasal absorption of granisetron in rats were observed. No significant difference in the effect of osmolarity and dosage volume at the same dose was observed. As the applied dose of granisetron in nasal formulation increased, the absorption increased linearly. Based on these results it appears that only the applied dose(drug mass) determines the nasal absorption of granisetron. The bioavailability of granisetron on nasal administration of 4 mg/kg appeared to be comparable to that of intravenous administration of the same dose. These results suggest that granisetron can be efficiently delivered nasally and the development of nasal formulation will be feasible.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2004

As a technique for high-quality multimedia service in down-link, the transmit diversity schemes using a orthogonal space-time block codes were proposed. But if the number of transmit antenna is three or more, it was impossible to obtain full diversity gain because of the decline of spectral efficiency. Accordingly, the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code that not required a additional bandwidth was proposed. But using a space-time block codes, the transmit diversity schemes were verified over quasi-static and frequency non-selective channels. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the performance of OFDM systems, which a frequency selective channel equalized a frequency non-selective channel, adapting the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, and compare they to the conventional orthogonal space-time block coded OFDM systems.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.548-558
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• 2018

Objective : Diagnosing acute cerebral infarction is crucial in determining prognosis of stroke patients. Although many serologic tests for prompt diagnosis are available, the clinical application of serologic tests is currently limited. We investigated whether $S100{\beta}$, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), D-dimer, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be used as biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was induced using the modified intraluminal filament technique. Mice were randomly assigned to 30-minute occlusion (n=10), 60-minute occlusion (n=10), or sham (n=5) groups. Four hours later, neurological deficits were evaluated and blood samples were obtained. Infarction volumes were calculated and plasma $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, D-dimer, and HSP70 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results : The average infarction volume was $12.32{\pm}2.31mm^3$ and $46.9{\pm}7.43mm^3$ in the 30- and 60-minute groups, respectively. The mean neurological score in the two ischemic groups was $1.6{\pm}0.55$ and $3.2{\pm}0.70$, respectively. $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, and HSP70 expressions significantly increased after 4 hours of ischemia (p=0.001). Furthermore, $S100{\beta}$ and MMP-9 expressions correlated with infarction volumes (p<0.001) and neurological deficits (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in D-dimer expression between groups (p=0.843). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed high sensitivity and specificity for MMP-9, HSP70 (AUC=1), and $S100{\beta}$ (AUC=0.98). Conclusion : $S100{\beta}$, MMP-9, and HSP70 can complement current diagnostic tools to assess cerebral infarction, suggesting their use as potential biomarkers for acute cerebral infarction.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3817-3824
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• 2013

Various separation modes in HPLC, such as anion exchange (AE), reversed-phase (RP), and affinity (AF) chromatography were examined for the separation of selenium species in human blood serum and urine. While RP- and AE-HPLC were mainly used for the separation of small molecular selenium species, double column AF-HPLC achieved the separation of selenoproteins in blood serum efficiently. Further, the effluent of AF-HPLC was enzymatically hydrolyzed and then analyzed with RP HPLC for selenoamino acid study. The versatility of the hybrid technique makes the in-depth study of selenium species possible. For quantification, post column isotope dilution (ID) with $^{78}Se$ spike was performed. ORC ICP/MS (octapole reaction cell inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry) was used with 4 mL $min^{-1}$ Hydrogen as reaction gas. In urine sample, inorganic selenium and SeCys were identified. In blood serum, selenoproteins GPx, SelP and SeAlb were detected and quantified. The concentration for GPx, SelP and SeAlb was $22.8{\pm}3.4\;ng\;g^{-1}$, $45.2{\pm}1.7\;ng\;g^{-1}$, and $16.1{\pm}2.2\;ng\;g^{-1}$, respectively when $^{80}Se/^{78}Se$ was used. The sum of these selenoproteins ($84.1{\pm}4.4\;ng\;g^{-1}$) agrees well with the total selenium concentration measured with the ID method of $87.0{\pm}3.0\;ng\;g^{-1}$. Enzymatic hydrolysis of each selenium proteins revealed that SeCys is the major amino acid for all three proteins and SeMet is contained in SeAlb only.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.36-40
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• 2015

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is an essential component of heavy-ion accelerator. For a given design, the intensities of the highly charged ion beams extracted from the source can be increased by enlarging the physical volume of ECR zone [1]. Several models for ECR ion source were and will be constructed depending on their operating conditions [2-4]. In this paper three simulation models with 3, 4 and 6 solenoid system were built, but it's not considered anything else except the number of coils. Two groups of optimization analysis are presented, and the evolution strategy (ES) is adopted as an optimization tool which is a technique based on the ideas of mutation, adaptation and annealing [5]. In this research, the volume of ECR zone was calculated approximately, and optimized designs for ECR solenoid magnet system were presented. Firstly it is better to make the volume of ECR zone large to increase the intensity of ion beam under the specific confinement field conditions. At the same time the total volume of superconducting solenoids must be decreased to save material. By considering the volume of ECR zone and the total length of solenoids in each model with different number of coils, the 6 solenoid system represented the highest coil performance. By the way, a certain case, ECR zone volume itself can be essential than the cost. So the maximum ECR zone volume for each solenoid magnet system was calculated respectively with the same size of the plasma chamber and the total magnet space. By comparing the volume of ECR zone, the 6 solenoid system can be also made with the maximum ECR zone volume.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.381-387
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• 2004

Recently developed Plasma Display Panels (PDP) require phosphors of high luminance at Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) excitation. The present investigation developed new PDP phosphors using combinatorial chemistry method. We applied T $b^{3+}$ -activated yttrium gadolinium phosphates system to our combinatorial fine-tuning technique. As a result, the optimum composition was determined to be (G $d_{0.74}$ $Y_{0.11}$T $b_{0.15}$) $P_{1.15}$ $O_{\delta}$ through the two-step combinatorial screening process including excess phosphorous and Gd replacement. We found that the sample of the optimum composition shows a higher luminescence efficiency at VUV excitation and a shorter decay time than the commercially available Z $n_2$ $SiO_4$:Mn phosphor.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.875-880
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• 2015

Traditional semiconductor process control has been performed through statistical process control techniques in a constant process-recipe conditions. However, the complexity of the interior of the etching apparatus plasma physics, quantitative modeling of process conditions due to the many difficult features constraints apply simple SISO control scheme. The introduction of the Advanced Process Control (APC) as a way to overcome the limits has been using the APC process control methodology run-to-run, wafer-to-wafer, or the yield of the semiconductor manufacturing process to the real-time process control, performance, it is possible to improve production. In addition, it is possible to establish a hierarchical structure of the process control made by the process control unit and associated algorithms and etching apparatus, the process unit, the overall process. In this study, the research focused on the methodology and monitoring improvements in performance needed to consider the process management of future developments in the semiconductor manufacturing process in accordance with the age of the APC analysis in real applications of the semiconductor manufacturing process and process fault diagnosis and control techniques in progress.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.617-627
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• 2006

Statement of problem: HA has been used as a coating material on Ti implants to improve osteoconductivity. However. it is difficult to form uniform HA coatings on implants with complex surface geometries using a plasma spraying technique. Purpose : To determine if Ti6Al4V sintered porous-surfaced implants coated with HA sol-gel coated and hydrothermal treated would accelerate osseointegration. Materials and Methods : Porous implants which were made by electric discharge were used in this study. Implants were anodized and hydrothermal treatment or HA sol-gel coating was performed. Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by high pressure steam at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using a autoclave. To make a HA sol, triethyl phosphite and calcium nitrate were diluted and dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and mixed. Then anodized implant were spin-coated with the prepared HA sols and heat treated. Samples were soaked in the Hanks solution with pH 7.4 at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. The microstructure of the specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition of the surface layer was analyzed with an energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). Results : The scanning electron micrographs of HA sol-gel coated and hydrothermal treated surface did not show any significant change in the size or shape of the pores. After immersion in Hanks' solution the precipitated HA crystals covered macro- and micro-pores The precipitated Ca and P increased in Hanks' solution that surface treatment caused increased activity. Conclusion : This study shows that sol-gel coated HA and hydrothermal treatment significantly enhance the rate of HA formation due to the altered surface chemistry.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2000

The distribution of barbiturates in the model membranes of total lipids (SPMVTL) and total phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles was determined by employing a fluorescent probe technique. The two fluorescent probes 2-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid were utilized as probes for the surface and the hydrocarbon interior of the outer monolayer of the SPMVTL and SPMVPL, respectively. The Stern-Volmer equation of fluorescent quenching was modified to calculate the relative distribution. The analysis of preferential quenching of these probes by barbiturates indicates that pentobarbital, hexobarbital, amobarbital and phenobarbital are predominantly distributed on the surface area, while thiopental sodium has an accessibility to the hydrocarbon interior of the outer monolayer of the SPMVTL and SPMVPL. From these results, it is strongly suggested that the more effective penetration into the hydrocarbon interior of the outer monolayer of the membrane lipid bilayer could result in a higher general anesthetic activity.