• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 2016

In this paper, we fabricate arrayed-type flexible capacitive touch sensor using liquid metal (LM) droplets (4 mm spatial resolution). Poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP) layer is used as a dielectric layer on the electrode patterned Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film. Bonding tests between hydroxyl group (-OH) on the PVP film and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are conducted in a various $O_2$ plasma treatment conditions. Through the tests, we can confirm that non-$O_2$ plasma treated PVP layer and $O_2$ plasma treated PDMS can make a chemical bond. To measure dynamic range of the device, one-cell experiments are conducted and we confirmed that the fabricated device has a large dynamic range (~60 pF).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 2003

Liquid suppository systems composed of poloxamers and bioadhesive polymers were easy to administer to the anus and mucoadhesive to the rectal tissues without leakage after the dose. However, a liquid suppository containing diclofenac sodium could not be developed using bioadhesive polymers. since the drug was precipitated in this preparation. To develop a liquid suppository system using sodium chloride instead of bioadhesive polymers, the physicochemical properties such as gelation temperature, gel strength and bioadhesive force of various formulations composed of diclofenac sodium, poloxamers and sodium chloride were investigated. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic study of diclofenac sodium delivered by the liquid suppository was performed. Diclofenac sodium significantly increased the gelation temperature and weakened the gel strength and bioadhesive force, while sodium chloride did the opposite. The liquid suppositories with less than 1.0％ of sodium chloride, in which the drug was not precipitated, were inserted into the rectum without difficulty and leakage. Furthermore, liquid suppository gave significantly higher initial plasma concentrations and faster Tmax of diclofenac sodium than did solid suppository, indicating that drug from liquid suppository could be absorbed faster than that from solid one in rats. Our results suggested that a thermosensitive liquid suppository system with sodium chloride and poloxamers was a more physically stable, convenient and effective rectal dosage form for diclofenac sodium.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1995

A on-off study was designed to evaluate the effects of addition of transdermal esrtradiol to tricyclic antidepressants on depression level, vasomotor symptom(hot flush), sexual functions and hormonal status, plasma 5-hydroxyindoleascetic acid(5-HIAA) level in postmenopausal women with depression. Plasma level of estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH, prolactin and 5-HIAA was measured by Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay and HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography). To asses their symptoms, the BDI(Beck Depression Inventory) and modified symptom scale, extracted from women's health questionnaire were used. Depression score, sexual function score were decreased by the last 4-weeks of addition of transdermal estradiol to antidepressant treatment, not Significant, but vasomotor symptom (hot flushes) score was decreased significantly(p<0.05) by the last 4-weeks of the given treatment. Thus, during addition of transdermal estradiol to antidepressants treatment, only vasomotor symptom(hot flushes) was improved significantly, but depression level was not changed in postmenopausal women with depression. Plasma FSH, estradiol and prolactin level was not changed in postmenopausal women with depression. Plasma FSH, estradiol and prolactin levels were increased by the last 4-weeks of the treatment. There were not significant correlations between clinical symptoms and plasma hormonal status and 5-HIAA level in baseline. After the last 4-weeks of transdermal estradiol treatment, the change of depression score was correlated significantly with change of serum prolactin and 5-HIAA level and the change of vasomotor symptom score was correlated significantly with the change of plasma prolactin level.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

A rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of N-(-4-Chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-chromanecarboxamide (KAL-1120), a novel anti-inflammation agent, in the rat plasma. The method was applied to analyze the compound in the biological fluids such as bile, urine and tissue homogenates. After liquid-liquid extraction, the compound was analyzed on an HPLC system with ultraviolet detection at 275 nm. HPLC was carried out using reversed-phase isocratic elution with a $C_{18}$ column, a mobile phase of a mixture of acetonitril (40 v/v%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The chromatograms showed good resolution and sensitivity and no interference of plasma. The calibration curve for the drug in plasma was linear over the concentration range of 0.05-50 ${\mu}g$/mL. The intra- and inter-day assay accuracies of this method ranged from 0.06% to 9.33% of normal values and the precision did not exceed 6.28% of relative standard deviation. The plasma concentration of KAL-1120 decreased to below the quantifiable limit at 1.5 hr after the i.v. bolus administration of 2-10 mg/kg to rats ($t_{1/2,({\alpha})}$ and $t_{1/2,({\beta})$ of 2.15 and 26.7 min at a dose of 2 mg/kg, 3.91 and 33.0 min at a dose of 10 mg/kg, respectively). The steady-state volume of distribution ($V_{dss}$) and the total body clearance ($CL_t$) were not significantly altered in rats given doses from 2 to 10 mg/kg. Of the various tissues tested, KAL-1120 was mainly distributed in the lung and heart after i.v. bolus administration. KAL-1120 was detected in the bile by 30 min after its i.v. bolus administration. However, the concentration in the urine after i.v. bolus administration became too low to measure, suggesting that KAL-1120 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, this analytical method was suitable for the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of KAL-1120 in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.541-545
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• 2002

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of Acebutolol and its main metabolite, diacetolol, following a single 10 mg/kg oral dose, were investigated in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure. Plasma concentrations of acebutolol and diacetolol were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography assay. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of acebutolol were significantly increased in moderate and severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits. The ratio of the diacetolol to total acebutolol in plasma (i.e., metabolite percentage rate) was significantly decreased in moderate and severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits. Volume of distribution ($V_{d}$) and total body clearance ($CL_{t}$) of acebutolol were significantly decreased in moderate and severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits. Slope of terminal phase ($\beta$) of acebutolol was significantly decreased in hepatic failure rabbits. These findings suggest that the $V_{d},{\;}CL_{t}$ and $\beta$ of acebutolol were significantly decreased as a result of inhibition of the hepatic metabolism in moderate to severe hepatic failure rabbits. Therefore, dose adjustment may be necessary for acebutolol in hypertensive patients with hepatic damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1151-1154
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• 2003

Ultraviolet rays, OH H O radical and $O_3$ produced by the streamer discharge in water are widely used to deactivate microorganisms and remove organic contaminants in water and the dominant factor of these decomposition is the oxidized reaction of hydrogen peroxide and dissolved $O_3$ in water. In this paper, the barrier discharge was used to create plasma in a gas, liquid and solid medium and the electrode with the reactor combined barrier with packed type(BPR) was made as noncontact way against water so that the effect of water characteristic change by the erosion of electrodes exposing in water should be minimized. The active radical and $O_3$ gas generated in plasma region were reacted into the water as electrode so that at the same time a dissolved $O_3$ and hydrogen peroxide were formed in water and The change of pH and conductivity were measured.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1978

Alloisoleucine from the plasma of maple syrup disease affected patients was separated from isolecine and identified by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.217.3-218
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.216-216
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• 2002