• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2014

This study was carried out to provide basic information to improve the surrounding ecosystems with benefit analysis and monitoring in cut slopes following establishment of a test construction to improve ecological environment in slopes of an expressway. Field tests from October 2012 to May 2013 were conducted in Seosejong IC and Shinyang IC. In order to improve the view of slopes, soil condition is an important factor. The earth slope, it is possible to introduce directly the plant. Stable construction method was applied, another foundation for planting is necessary. The mixing ratio of the seeds according to the experimental results, the difference was found at an early stage plants in Site I (Seosejong IC). Trees were planted on terraced structures were well coordinated and pictures. The growth of planted trees was good in Site II (Shinyang IC). Due to the use of plants in the landscape will continue to change. Thus, long-term monitoring and landscape analysis will be needed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to present a new orientation for the residential culture that can meet the shifting demands of modern people as their attitudes toward life change. One of the rural regions that has lately attracted considerable attention, Wonsam-myun, Yongin city, is selected as the residence zone to develop a housing complex. In this study, a new housing complex is designed to supplement the defects of existing housing complexes by making the utmost use of the merits that Wonsam-myun as a residential environment can offer. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. To present a new Korean model, yellow soil houses and traditional trees were used to utilize Korea's traditional landscape beauty in the construction and landscape aspect, instead of imitating indiscreetly foreign styles in which most newly developed housing complexes were built. 2. To provide convenience to prospective residents, a package sales scheme covering from lot purchase to building permit was adopted. 3. As for the planting plan, existing plants was preserved as much as possible to keep harmony with new plants. In selecting plant types, a traditional method that emphasizes on the visual effects of aesthetic plants and shade trees with the change of seasons and plants various kinds of plants according to directions was adopted. 4. Each household was given the opportunity to design its own garden according to the family's preference and taste. 5. The advantages of a rural area that city does not offer were fully utilized to provide the residents with convenience and pleasure of living.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.229-239
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• 1998

This study investigated ecological and growth characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia for usage of landscape woody plant. The results are obtained as follows: 1) The results of investigate the native Sorbus alnifolia vegetations in Seoul and Kyonggi-do are as follows. From the investigation of canopy and understory, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Quercus mongolica Quercus dentata and Quercus aliena grow well in natural habitat of Sorbus alnifolia. While Rhod. mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis, Corylus hetrophylla and alnifolia. While Rhod. mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis, Corylus hetrophylla and Lindera obtusiloba are commonly found from shrub structure in the habitat. These structure pattern of natural setting would be applied for ecological planting design. 2) The Mt. Rabong area, which locates near a heavy factory district and is considered as environmental dteriorated area has the lowest soil acidity range among three investigated area. Sorbus alnifolia grows in where contains low soil acidity and inorganic nutrient. It might concluded that Sorbus alnifolia be tolerates to air pollution. 3) From the investigation of good specimen tres, the oldest good specimen trees of Sorbus alnifolia have grown in Seoul and Kyonggi-Do for 130 years with 15m height and 12m width. Most of good specimen trees are over 50 years old with 10~15m height, 4.5-12m width. These growth shape and form could be recommend that Sorbus alnifolia would be used as street tree and landscape woody plant in urban park.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2002

The restoration techniques of large disturbed land containing native forest resources and soil animals were investigated on the new campus area of Kyushu University in Japan. Important techniques to restore native forest and biodiversity in that area are transplantation of existing large trees, transplantation of the forest soil, transplantation of native tree stools, and the reuse of wood and bamboo chips. The benefits can be obtained by using these methods. Firstly, the native genetic resources that would be discarded as part of the land development can be reused. Secondary, the time taken to become a high growth forest as opposed to the practice of planting saplings or grass seeds can be reduced. At last, the native forest ecosystem containing various under-story vegetations and soil animals can be conserved and regenerated. In addition, big and small ponds were constructed in the biodiversity preservation zone to preserve rare plants, rare animals, and native aquatic animals. And these plants and animals were transplanted and moved to ponds.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2021

With continuous decline of Philippine forest cover, sustainable forest management and restoration are essential to restore destroyed forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, of ten most planted trees in reforestation projects in the Philippines, eight are exotic species, with large leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) being the most dominant. In this study, effect of Swietenia macrophylla in reforestation projects on native tree species was evaluated. Effects of S. macrophylla leaf litter, frequency, and canopy closure on the growth of the Philippine native species Pterocarpus indicus were investigated. Results showed that S. macrophylla leaf litter significantly inhibited the growth of P. indicus seedlings based on root collar-to-shoot height. The standardized growth rate of seedlings in plots without S. macrophylla leaf litter was significantly higher than the growth rate of seedlings in plots with leaf litter. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the standardized growth rate of seedlings between plots without leaf litter and a control plot. On the contrary, S. macrophylla tree frequency and canopy closure showed no significant effect. These results attest to the negative effect of widely planted S. macrophylla to a valuable Philippine native tree P. indicus. With accumulating scientific evidence about negative effects of S. macrophylla on native trees, discontinued use in tree planting and reforestation efforts with active management of restoration sites previously planted with large leaf mahogany are needed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2023

In this study, quantitative models were applied to case parks to estimate the carbon reduction by trees, which was compared and analyzed at the tree and park levels. At the tree level, quantitative models of carbon storage and uptake differed by up to 7.9 times, even for the same species and size. At the park level, the carbon reduction from quantitative models varied by up to 3.7 times for the same park. In other words, carbon reduction by quantitative models exhibited considerable variation at the tree and park levels. These differences are likely due to the use of different growth environment coefficients and annual diameter at breast height growth rates and the overestimation of carbon reduction due to the substitution of the same genus and group model for each tree species. Extending the annual carbon uptake per unit area of the case park to the total park area of Chuncheon a carbon uptake ranging from a minimum of 370.4 t/yr and a maximum of 929.3 t/yr, and the difference can reach up to 558.9 t/yr. This is equivalent to the carbon emissions from the annual household electricity consumption of approximately 2,430 people. These results suggest that the indiscriminate application of quantitative models to estimate carbon reduction in urban trees can lead to significant errors and deviations in estimating carbon storage and uptake in urban greenspaces. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for estimating carbon reduction in urban greening research, projects, and policies.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2007

This study was carried out to analyze both the root structure and the fine root phytomass of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Zelkova serrata Makino. which was transplanted in the reclaimed land from the sea in Gwangyang, Jeonnam, South Korea. The base ground was reclaimed land from the sea. $Z_1$ of the planting ground was filled to a $100{\sim}150cm$ thickness with the improved soil instead of the reclaimed soil from the sea, $Z_2$ of the planting ground was covered to a $20{\sim}30cm$ thickness with the improved soil and $Z_3$ of the planting ground was mounded to 120cm thickness with the improved soil on the reclaimed land from the sea. In addition, $Z_4,\;Z_5\;and\;Z_6$ of the planting grounds were at the large-sized mound on the reclaimed land from the sea. $Z_4$ of the planting ground was located at the lowest level, $Z_5$ planting ground was located at the slope and $Z_6$ planting ground was located at the top of the large-sized mound. The large-sized mounds contain 3 layers, the base layer was reclaimed land from the sea and the second layer was mounded to a $200{\sim}300cm$ thickness with the desalinized soil from the sea on the base layers and the finally layers were mounded to a $80{\sim}120cm$ thickness with improved soil on the second layer. The planting grounds $Z_3,\;Z_4,\;Z_5\;and\;Z_6$ developed roots such as tap roots, lateral roots and heart roots. However, in $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$ roots development were inhibited. The fine-root phytomass of the 6 planting ground types was as follows: $113.5g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_5$, $105.5g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_4$, $88.3g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_3$, $81.0g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_6$, $73.0g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_2$, $43.3g\;DM/m^2$ for $Z_1$. The vertical distribution of the fine root phytomass decreased from the upper to the deeper soil profiles in the 6 mound types. The fine root phytomass was $43.3{\sim}71.8%$ in a $0{\sim}20cm$ thickness of soil layer and it decreased according to the distance from the nearest trees. The root growth in the improved soil was better than in the reclaimed soil from the sea. However, root growth decreased more in the disturbed soils even though the planting grounds contained the improved soils. The retarded development of roots and the spatial distribution patterns of the fine root phytomass were closely connected to the reclaimed soil from the sea. In the disturbed soil, the soil hardness and alkalic cation($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$). were high and the soil water was lacking. We suggest that the construction of planting grounds and the improvement of bad soil are necessary for the proper and effective growth of landscaping plants.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

수도권매립지 주변 식재예정지와 식재지의 식재기반평가 토양항목 특성을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 토양물리성 중 용적밀도가 1.11~1.59 $g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$범위로 우리나라 경기도 지역 산림토양의 B층 평균 1.05 $g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 식재기반 조성 시 중장비 등의 사용으로 인한 답압 등에 의해 기인한 것으로 판단되며, 수목의 근계발달을 위해서는 개량방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 토양화학성 중 유기물 함량은 조경수목의 식재를 위한 적정범위인 30 $g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$의 약 1/5~1/10정도 매우 낮게 조사되었다. 또한 양이온치환용량의 경우에도 1~3 $cmol{\cdot}kg^{-1}$범위로 조경수목의 식재를 위한 최소한의 함량인 6 $cmol{\cdot}kg^{-1}$에 비해 매우 낮은 수준으로 나타나 이에 대한 개량이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.400-414
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• 2007

본 연구는 산불피해지역 식생구조 분석을 통한 생태적 식생복원 모델을 제시하고자 2000년도에 산불이 발생하여 사방사업차원에서 잣나무, 자작나무 등을 조림한 영인산 자락 일대를 대상으로 하였다. 현존식생 조사대상지로 선정한 $1,152,404.3m^2$ 중 산불지역은 69.2%이었고 이중 관목숲이 24.67%로 가장 넓었다. 현존식생유형과 산불피해상태를 고려해 설정한 27개 조사구(단위면적 $100m^2$)를 분석한 결과 10개 군락으로 구분되었다. 산불지역은 관목층 식생이 우점하였고 잣나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 곰솔군락, 졸참나무군락, 자작나무군락으로 나뉘어졌고 비산불지역은 소나무군락 상수리나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 신갈나무-졸참나무군락, 자작나무군락으로 구분되었다. 종다양도는 산불지역이 $0.3679{\sim}0.5907$로 비산불지역 $0.5728{\sim}0.8865$보다 낮았다. 출현종수는 산불지역이 $5{\sim}8$종으로 비산불지역 $8{\sim}12$종보다 작았으며 개체수는 산불지역 ($156{\sim}465$개체)이 비산불지역($61{\sim}227$개체)보다 많았다. $100m^2$당 층위별 생육밀도 분석결과 교목층에서는 신갈나무가 $1{\sim}8$주, 졸참나무가 $3{\sim}5$주, 아교목층에서는 졸참나무 $2{\sim}4$주, 신갈나무 1주 등이 출현하였다. 토양의 경우 산불지역 pH가 5.45로 비산불지역 pH 5.25보다 높았다. 식생복원모델은 천이 중간단계에 해당하는 신갈나무-졸참나무 중경목군락을 모델로 설정하여 식재종과 식재밀도 그리고 식재모델을 제시하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1980

우리나라에서 도로(道路)의 녹화(綠化) 및 조경(造景)에 관(関)한 새로운 기술(技術)의 개발(開発) 및 발전(発展)을 위한 주요한 기초과제중(基礎課題中)의 하나는 현재(現在)까지 시행(施行)되고 있는 이 분야(分野)의 기술현황(技術現況)을 조사분석(調査分析)하여 현재(現在)의 기술수준(技術水準)을 평가(評価)하고, 이러한 자료(資料)와 선진국(先進国)의 기술(技術)을 종합(綜合)하여 우리나라의 실정(実情)에 적용(適用)할 수 있는 도로녹화조경기술기준(道路綠化造景技術基準)을 설정(設定)함에 있다고 본다. 도록녹화조경기술(道路綠化造景技術)은 도로(道路)의 녹화(綠化) 및 경관(景観)의 조성(造成)과 도로환경(道路環境)의 수복보전(修復保全)을 통하여 도로기능(道路機能)을 향상(向上)하기위하여 도로용지내(道路用地內)에 식물(植物) (녹색환경(綠色環境))을 도입(導入)하는 녹화(綠化) 및 조경기술(造景技術)로서 최근(最近)에 와서는 도로(道路)의 녹화조경면(綠化造景面)에서 뿐만 아니라 국민(国民)의 생활환경보전면(生活環境保全面)에서도 그 중요성(重要性)이 강조(强調)되고 있다. 1. 도로녹화조경(道路綠化造景)의 기본기술(基本技術)은 도로건설예정지내(道路建設豫定地內)에 있는 기존 유용자연식생(有用自然植生)을 최대한(最大限) 보존활용(保存活用)함은 물론 도로건설시(道路建設時) 또는 건설후(建設後)에 각종(各種) 조경식물(造景植物)을 식재육성(植栽育成)하는 것이므로, 이러한 도로식재(道路植栽)는 조속히 도로환경(道路環境)을 녹화(綠化)하고 보다 아름다운 도로경관(道路景観)을 조성(造成)하여 쾌적(快適)한 도로(道路)가 되도록 계획(計劃) 설계(設計) 시공(施工) 관리(管理)해야 될 것이다. 2. 도로녹화조경(道路綠化造景)의 기본대상(基本対象)은 도로녹화(道路綠化), 보도식재(步道植栽) 및 식수대(植樹帶) 환경시설대(環境施設帶) 및 꽃동산, 가로수등(街路樹等)의 식재(植栽) 및 조성(造成)과 도로(道路)비탈면의 안정녹화조경(安定綠化造景)이며 그밖에 중앙분리대(中央分離帶) 및 교통도(交通島), "인터체인지" 및 휴게시설등(休憩施設等)도 필수요소(必須要素)가 된다. 3. 도로녹화조경기술개발(道路綠化造景技術開発)의 기본방향(基本方向)은 도로교통(道路交通)의 안전(安全)과 쾌적성(快適性)을 높이고 연도(沿道)의 자연환경(自然環境)의 보전(保全) 및 생활환경(生活環境)의 녹화개선(綠化改善)에 기여하여 종합적(綜合的)인 도로기능(道路機能)을 발휘(発揮)할 수 있도록 설정(設定)해야 될 것이다. 4. 도로녹화조경(道路綠化造景)의 기본기능(基本機能)은 개개(個個) 수목(樹木)의 식재(植栽)로서 복수녹(複数綠)의 효용(効用)을 구성(構成)함에 있으며, 이러한 기본기능(基本機能)은 경관조성기능(景観造成機能)(경관조절기능(景観調整機能) 및 경관연출기능(景観演出機能)), 환경보전기능(環境保全機能)((재해방지기능(災害防止機能) 및 환경조화기능(環境調和機能)), 그리고 교통안전기능(交通安全機能) (유도기능(誘導機能), 사고방지기능(事故防止機能) 및 휴게조성기능(休憩助成機能)으로 대별(大別)하여 분석평가(分析評価)하는 제도(制度)가 수립(樹立)되어야 할 것이다. 5. 도로(道路)비탈면의 녹화조경시(綠化造景時)에는 특(特)히 교통안전성(交通安全性)의 확보(確保), 생활환경(生活環境)의 보전(保全), 경관(景観)의 조화(調和)와 창조(創造), 조경식물(造景植物)의 선택(選択) 및 생육기반(生育基盤)의 안정시(安定等)에 관(関)한 세부적인 조사(調査)가 선행(先行)되어야 한다. 6. 도로식재시공(道路植栽施工)에 있어서는 기본공정관리계획(基本工程管理計劃), 즉 품질관리(品質管理), 공정관리(工程管理), 안전관리(安全管理)에 관(関)한 사항(事項)은 물론 적기적수(適期適樹) 및 적지적수(適地適樹)가 되도록 해야 된다. 7. 녹화수(綠化樹)의 식재(植栽)(특(特)히 가로수(街路樹))에 있어서는 지주설치(支柱設置)의 재료(材料) 및 형식(型式), 시공(施工) 및 관리기술(管理技術)에 관(関)한 시험연구(試驗硏究)가 시급히 요망(要望)된다. 8. 도로녹화조경관리기술(道路綠化造景管理技術)의 기본방향(基本方向)은 풍부한 푸른경관(景観)과 쾌적(快適)한 도로환경(道路環境)을 지속적으로 확보(確保) 유지(維持) 향상(向上)할수 있도록 설정(設定)해야 될것이며, 이를 위해서는 수목(樹木)의 전정(剪定) 및 정자(整姿), 병충해(病虫害)의 방제(防除), 식재지(植栽地) 및 식재수(植栽樹)의 유지관리(維持管理)등에 대해서 정규적인 점검을 실시하여 필요(必要)한 조치를 제때에 취할수 있도록 하는 점검관리제(占検管理制)를 채택(採択)해야 될 것이다.