• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.29-40
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• 2017

Soswaewon as a typical villa garden of Korea is a symbolic garden that its diverse compositions imply a specific meaning. This study reviewed the purpose of introduction, meaning, and location of the landscape plants as one of the compositions and covering quite a large part of Soswaewon through 48 Yeong (meaning 48 poems of Soswaewon) and Soswaewondo (meaning Map of Soswaewon). In 48 Yeong, 27 verses describe landscape plants as their key poetic matters. The most frequently mentioned top 3 plants are bamboos, pine trees, and Japanese apricots. The three plants are called Sehansamwoo(歲寒三友) showing constant fidelity and loyalty in any changing situations, which was regarded to represent the nature of scholars. And also the study examined the frequency and planting location of the plants in Soswaewon by comparing 48 Yeong and Soswaewondo, and the result showed some differences between them. That seems to be caused by the limitations in the comparison, because in case of 48 Yeong, the location and frequency of landscape plants can be examined only through the context of the verses, and Soswaewondo showed different production time from 48 Yeong and expressed them only in a form of drawing. The plants have symbolic meanings multi-layered and ambiguous. With their symbolic meanings, the landscape plants reviewed through 48 Yeong consistently represent fidelity and loyalty, man of virtue, and hermit. That is, Soswaewon is the garden granting some significance to its compositions by interacting with the things.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 1962

The results for the investigation of the various aromatic plants applied diets on silkworm raising from spring to autumn crops are found as followings. 1. There was no difference between the chemical menthol solution (1.0%) enriched diet and the normal diet for silkworm physiology. Neither injury nor advantage was obtained from the investigation. 2. It was found that there was no danger to use the mulberry leaves as silkworm diet by planting Mentha arvensis L. in the vacansy of mulberry farm, and no worse effect was found by rubbing the leaves of Mentha arvensis L. to the surface of mulberry leaves before feeding to silkworm. 3. For the investigation due to Perilla Ocymoides var application in stead of menthol plant ascribed in Paragraph (2) was obtained the same result. 4. As a conclusion of the study, the plantation of the both aromatical plants with mulberry trees is harmless for silkworm growing even though farmers worry about these to plant together with mulberry tree on mulberry farm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.891-894
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• 1999

A field experiment was conducted with Calliandra calothyrsus of fifteen provenances to evaluate the variation in the condensed tannin content of fresh leaves. Plants were raised in a nursery for three months and planted in the field. Experimental design was line planting of double hedgerows (3 m long plot, 1/2 meter interval, 45 plants in each plot) with 5 replicates. Plants were lopped every 5 months and samples (10 different plants within a plot; 4 newly flushed leaves, 4 partially expanded leaves and 4 mature full expanded leaves from each of 10 trees in a plot) were collected and were put on ice before transfer to the laboratory. Proanthocyanidine was extracted in aqueous acetone, and total extractable proanthcyanidine (TEPA) and total proanthocyanidine (TOPA) were measured. In addition, proximate analyses were made of different provenances. Crude protein contents varied from 19.74% to 16.45%; in vitro organic matter digestibility ranged from 36.09% to 23.32%. TEPA content ranged from 11.22 to 16.01 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) and TOPA from 24.57 to 31.72 (measured as absorbance at $550nm,\;g^{-1}$ DM) TEPA and TOPA had a positive correlation, whereas crude protein content of Calliandra was negatively correlated with TEPA and TOPA. Provenances, such as Georgesville (Belize), local, Coban (Guatemala), Patulul (Guatemala), Bombana (Mexico) can be selected on the basis of nutritive value of fodder.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.12-26
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• 1992

Ilsan peat-bed site, newly constructed city area, is located at the northern part of Seoul. This site is situated near the mouth of Han river, which flows through central Korea. Many fossil woods were excavated from this site, and surveyed the wood anatomical features. Totally 90 specimens were identified into 10 species including two roots and five barks which were not identified in detail. Alnus japonica and A. maxmowiczii are the most common and occupied 26. 7%, 34.4% of the total specimen number respectively, and then other species which excavated from Ilsan area are follows : Fraxinus rhynchophylla(18.9%), Lepido-balanus spp.(3.3%), Maackia amurensis(2.2%), Diospyros spp.(2.2%), Juglans mandshrica(1.1%), Prunophora spp.(1.1%), Malus or Pyrus spp.(1.1%), Rhamnus spp.(1.1%). Among the identified species there are fairly some species growing in the central - or northern temperate zone, such as A. maxmowiczii, F. rhynchophylla, Lepidobalanus spp., M. amurnsis, J. mandshurica, Rhumnus spp. Therefore, it can be estimated that the former temperature of Ilsan area was same or slightly cold than today. The species bearing fruit for food as .J, mandshunca, Diospyros spp., Prunophora spp., Mulus or Pyrus spp. were regarded as artificially planting trees, because they do not grow together in the same site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.81-93
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• 1995

Landscape Style would take various influences in general. In that of Korean Palaces religious thinking has been caused he most important factor. This conceptual attitude has been derived from Confucian philosophies and the doctrines of Taoism, the realm of ideas that had constituted the schema of culture through long times in the Orient. This paper has dealt with the influences of one's outlook on the universe, antropocentricism, and on the relationships of man and nature in those two major teachings upon the landscape style of palaces in Chosun Dynasty. The Confucian philosophies and the doctrines of Taoism in Taosim in palaces would be summarized as followings: 1. The composition of exterior spaces had been understood as a place for moral training and political morality in the world view of Confucious. 2. The view point on court circle with plants and trees had directed to the influences of beauty upon the human spirit, and it is clear in naming attitude. 3. The composition type of void and solid in palaces would focused on the completion of Confucian thoughts totally, and the method of a unit space is same. 4. The double symbolic ideas could be find out in the components of exterior space; one is Confucian in phenomena, the other is Taoism in meaning. This can be cleared in Pangji(方池), layout of natural features, and in planting methods. As a conclusion, the common spiritual base in landscape architecture of Korean old palaces can be understood as two major thinkings; Confucian philosophies and the doctrines of Taoism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.110-119
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• 2004

This research was conducted to develop spraying cultivation method using forest topsoils in order to restore the disturbed slopes. In November the researcher collected a depth of 5 cm of topsoils from a well developed forest, after the fallen leaves were cleared. The essential results of the research are as follows: In the case of using the forest topsoils, during the early stages of planting, time is necessary for the desired vegetation to reach a similar state to the vegetation being restored. The best possible effect is obtained through a method utilizing forest topsoil(30%)+loam silt soil(70%)+seeding with grasses and native plants including trees, shrubs, and herbs. Several plants such as Pinus densiftora, Potentilla fragarioides, Miscanthus sinensis, Erigeron canadensis seemed to be naturally emerged from the topsoils From this experiment, it was recommended that environment potential within topsoil should be comprehended. Also, topsoil deposit and gathering methods should be experimented properly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.104-117
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• 1998

Rising concern about climate change has evoked interest in the potential for urban vegetation to help reduce the level of atmospheric CO\sub 2\, a major heat-trapping gas. This study quantified the functio of home energy savings and carbon emission reduction by shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction of urban vegetatioin in Chuncheon. Tree and shrub cover averaged approximately 13% in residential land. The effects of shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction annually saved heating energy by 2.2% and cooling energy by 8.8%. The heating and cooling energy savings reduced carbon emissions by 3.0% annually. These avoided emissions equaled the amount of carbon emitted annually from fossil fuel consumption by a population of about 1,230. Carbon emission reduction per residential building was 55kg for detached buildings and 872 kg for multifamily buildings. Urban vegetation annually decreased heating and cooling energy cost by ￦1.1 billions, which were equivalent to annual savings of ￦10,000 savings and carbon emission reduction due to tree plantings in the wrong locations, while windspeed reduction had a great effect. Plantings fo large trees close to the west and east wall of buildings, full tree plantings on the north, and avoidance of shade-tree plantings or selection of solar-friendlytrees on the south were recommended to improve the function of building energy savings and carbon emission reduction by urban vegetation.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Planting trees is a very common practice in the coastal dunefields of South Korea as a way to stabilize dune landscapes and protect inland residential areas from strong winds and blown sands. On the other hand, disturbing the original foredune environment may deteriorate the ability of coastal landsto recover from coastal erosion after storms, causing a retreat of coastline. However, there is little information of this sort on the surface of forested dunefields. Airborne LiDAR or drone-based mapping is not easily applicable in such areas. In this study, we developed a digital terrain model of Dasari dunefields, Chungnam Province, based on direct topographic surveys with real-time kinematic GPS and total stations. We also analyzed previous two aerial photographs taken in 1947 and 1966, in order to detect an older landforms of the dunefields. Results suggested that there have been little changes in geomorphology of the Dasari dunefields for the last 50 years, despite continued tree plantings. Today, there are remains of U-shaped structures such as blowouts and parabolic dunes in the dunefields.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.3 s.28
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• pp.107-110
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• 1976

A Witches'-broom disease of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) with which mycoplasma-like bodies are associated is wide spread in South Korea. Jujube trees with witches'-broom symptoms were selected from 15-20 year old planting and treated with solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin). Treatments were 1) one injection on April; 2) one postharvest injection on October; 3) two injections (April and July); 4) three injections (April, June and August) and 5) an untreated control. Each injection consisted of 500ml of 1,000 p.p.m. solution of oxytetracycline HCl transfused into affected trees from plastic reservoir through plastic tubes connected to 3 small holes drilled in the basal part of the tree trunks. Complete remission of witches'-broom symptoms was accomplished within one growing season by one spring (April) injection. One postharvest (Oct.) injection also prevented the symptoms in the following growing season. Two and three injection treatments prevented the symptoms for at least two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal or near normal conditions. Remission of symptoms was found only above the injection site while current season witches'-brooms developed from areas below the injection site and from untreated main scaffolds. The results of this experiment demonstrates that transfusion treatment with oxytetracyclin HCl is feasible for the practical control of witches'-broom of jujube.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 2014

In this study, Chwibyeong studied only in the literature on the basis of the composition method through the book, Imwonkyungjeji. I tried to represent through the installation of facilities and planting of trees. I have obtained the following results. First, we presented the basic direction of Chwibyeong represented by analyzing the composition methods in the literature. Second, represented the Chwibyeong based on the results of the analysis of the literature. I was and comparative analysis of the content analysis literature the specificity of the method of manufacturing facilities and growth characteristics of trees that have been displayed during the represent process. Third, we derive how to manage trees that are grasped through the Chwibyeong represent process, how to manage the facility, such as the installation method. Currently, Chwibyeong is restored in the front of Changdeokgung Juhapru pavilion, but showing the appearance different from the appearance of Chwibyeong shown in the literature. Therefore, after the 18th century, prototype representation of Chwibyeong is intended to be able to find the traditional and the uniqueness. It has been used as an element of the garden of Korea, and intended to be an important role to find the flavor of the Korean garden.