• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 1999

In modern period, the history of highway landscaping can be divided into three stages. The first stage from the late 1960s to the early 1970s : during this period revegetation operation started and landscape architecture was introduced. The second stage from the late 1970s to the early 1980s : during this period the definition of functional planting which had played the most important role in highway landscaping was established. Also, highway landscaping was influenced by Japan, and the revegetation of highway slopes were applied with Seedspray, Block-sodding methods, and so on. The third stage from late 1980s to the present : during this period eco-landscaping was introduced and began to mix with ecosystem techniques. The revegetation works of cutting-rock slopes have widely been developed. Many people think that landscaping is necessary for us, and that revegetation method is effective to conserve slope environment. Based on accumulated data we have to improve the function of landscaping and revegetation method, and also have to establish the method of landscaping harmonized with our own landscape.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.40-48
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• 2010

Saemangeum reclaimed area is needed to construct much green zone to make high-quality multi-functional land such as tide embankment, lake dike, industrial complex, environmental spaces, etc. However, growth of plants is somewhat difficult because a salinity of Saemangeum soil is very high and a soil fertility, water content of soil are low. Therefore, it is essential to initial desalination of soil and continuous management for planting base. It is recommended that a group of grassland to raise the efficiency of covering should be made in the first stage and a forest by improvement of vegetation should be made in the mid and long term stage. It is recommended that the construction of vegetation base should be made with a regular thickness of soil of good quality in multi-functional area such as a shrub and wood. In case of construction of a windbreak forest, it is necessary to make a wood base of suitable depth using soil brought from another place or filling of soil. Also, it is necessary to keep a maintenance of woods in early stage. Saemangeum reclaimed land will be brand-named worldwide tourist attractions due to construction of much green zone having high quality multi-functional facilities.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

호밀-헤어리베치 혼파는 높은 생산성과 토양보전 측면에서 추천되어진다. 본 시험은 이런 혼파조합을 이용함에 있어 적정 파종 및 수확시기를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 수확이 지연됨에 따라 호밀과 헤어리베치의 초장은 커졌으며 파종시기간에는 차이가 없었다. 건물 함량은 파종시기간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 수확시기간에는 수확이 지연될수록 유의적으로 높아져 5월 중순경에 약 30% 전후를 나타내었다. 조단백질 함량은 출수기에 17~18%에서 급격히 떨어져 5월에는 9~10%대로 낮아졌다. ADF 및 NDF 함량은 수확이 늦어짐에 따라 증가하였으며 IVDMD 및 TDM 함량은 낮아졌다. 건물수량은 수확시기에 큰 영향 을 받았으나 파종시기는 영향을 주지 못했다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 호밀-헤어리베치 혼파 구의 수확은 후 작물로 옥수수를 고려 시는 4월 하순경에 수확을 하며 후 작물로 조생 옥수수나 수수 $\times$ 수단그라스계 잡종을 고려 시는 5월 중순경에 수확하는 것이 추천되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2018

Improvement in rice grain yield has been approached by means of genetic amendment, cultural management, and environmental adaptation. Subjecting the plant during the grain filling period to an appropriate environment plays a key role in achieving a high grain yield in temperate rice. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years with two planting times to assess the relations among grain filling traits, loss of leaf activity during the ripening period, and the grain yield of temperate japonica rice with wide environmental variation. Higher grain yields were attained in 2017 than in 2016 and with late planting than with early planting. The high grain yield accompanied a comparatively lesser increase in grain weight at the early filling stage but more gain in grain weight occurred during the late filling stage. Final grain weight correlated positively with grain filling duration but negatively with grain filling rate. Extended grain filling duration was associated with higher cumulative temperature and cumulative solar radiation for an effective grain filling period. The reduction in SPAD value ${\times}$ leaf dry weight from heading to harvest significantly correlated with final grain dry weight in a positive manner. No significant relation was found between grain filling duration and the decrease in SPAD value ${\times}$ leaf dry weight during the grain filling period. The results suggest that grain filling duration and loss of leaf activity during ripening independently contribute to environmentally induced yield improvement in temperate japonica rice.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.351-358
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• 1995

1. 노천이장한 경우 발아가 양호하여 단위면적당 입모수가 많았는데, 1992년산 무처리구의 187개/m$^2$에 비하여처리종자는 292개/m$^2$였으며, 1991년산 처리종자구는 78개/m$^2$로 입모가 불량하였다. 2. 생육초기의 생초생산량은 단위면적당 개체수와의 관계가 높았으나 생육이 진전됨에 따라서 개체수의 효과는 저하되는 경향이었다. 3. 1차 예취시의 예취높이를 5cm로 하였을 때는 10cm에 비하여 생초수량이 높았으나 2차 예취시의 수량은 떨어졌다. 그러나 총수량은 예취 높이간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 미국개기장은 번종후 40~50일부터 예취를 시작하여 1개월 간격으로 3~4회 예취가 가능하였으며, 10a당 생초수량은 9~10톤, 건초수량은 1.4~1.8톤 이었다. 5. 예취시기에 따른 미국개기장의 생초와 건초수량은 생육기간 및 생육기간의 적산온도와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다.(r =0.711~0.860). 6. 파종기가 빠르고 예취시기가 이를수록 엽신의 비율이 높았다. 7. 미국개기장은 조단백질 16.32%, 조지방 24.01%, 조회분 11.59%를 함유하고 있어서 다른 화본료 사료작물에 비하여 품질이 좋은 편이었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2011

The open space of apartment complex has changed diversely according to construction periods which were divided into the introduction stage (the 1980s), the development stage (the 1990s), and the maturity stage (after 1999). This study set out to analyze the periodic changes of visual characteristics and preference with the open space of apartment complexes in Cheongju City. For analysis of visual characteristics and preference, nineteen adjectives that were determined to sufficiently express the feeling of the open space of apartment complex. The results are as follows. As for adjective image assessment by using descriptive statistics, favorable images were shown in complexes of maturity stage phase that were constructed after the liberalization of apartment sale in 1999. These results may be caused both by quantitative increase and diversification of materials in planting and landscaping furniture and by nature-friendly designing. The results of factor analysis by Varimax rotation method showed that common variance was 73.9%, which indicates higher explanation. The nineteen adjectives could be divided into three factors, 'pleasantness factor,' 'negative factor,' and 'irregular factor.' Visual preference was analysed by using Least significant Difference (LSD) by analysis of variance : complexes of maturity stage phase that were constructed according to the liberalization of apartment sale in 1999 were highest in assessment. The correlation between view preference and adjective images was analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and 'feeling like walking,' 'well-arranged,' 'beautiful,' 'friendly,' and 'clean' (in order) were adjective images that most affected the preference. As for the analysis of the correlation between visual preference and physical components of view, the preference increased as the rate of pavement and greens was higher, while it decreased as size of building was larger. Therefore, backgrounds of walking and greens had strong effects on the preference.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify the effect of fertilizer application and planting method on growth and yield of 'Seolhyang' strawberry during seedling raising. According to the concentration of fertilizer applied, the height of daughter plants was the highest at an EC of $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf number and crown diameter were greatest at an EC of $0.6-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In the first measurement, root number was highest in non-fertilizer application, while root weight was heaviest in non-fertilizer application and EC $0.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The higher the concentration of fertilizer applied as culture media, the lower the growth rate. Thirty days after planting on the main field, plant height and number of new leaf were highest at an EC of $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. However, no significant difference was found in leaf length and width and chlorophyll content according to fertilizer application. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In contrast, no significance was found in total marketable yield at an EC of $0.4-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Aconsistent pattern was exhibited in the growth of 1-5 harvesting flower clusters according to planting method. The length of leaf and flower cluster was short and chlorophyll content was low, when bed soil was removed 100% in harvesting of the first flower cluster. In all treatment, leaf length was shortened until harvesting of the second and third flower cluster, but rapidly lengthened in harvesting of the third and fourth flower clusters. Moreover, the length of flower cluster had a increasing tendency from harvesting of the third flower cluster. However, chlorophyll content was reduced continuously until harvesting of the fifth flower cluster, and was lowest in harvesting of the fourth flower cluster without removal of bed soil. Total yield was greatest in treatment of crown removal in bed soil between November and May. Late marketable yield between March and May was highest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal, followed by treatment of crown removal. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in treatment of crown removal between December and February, while greatest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal between March and May.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 1997

본 연구는 최근 건강 및 저공해 식품으로 수요가 급증하고 있는 주요 산채류인 곰취의 품질 및 수량 제고와 연중 생산을 위한 양액재배 기술을 개발하고자 이에 알맞는 배지종류, 배지량, 재식밀도 둥을 구명 하는 일련의 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 곰취의 양액재배시 펄라이트, 모래, 팽연화(膨軟化)왕겨 등 공시한 3종의 배지 중 팽연화(膨軟化) 왕겨가 가장 생육이 양호하고 수량도 높아 적정배지로 인정 되었는데 이에 대한 특성은 기존 배지인 펄라이트에 비해 진비중(眞比重), 공극율(孔隙率)의 차이가 없으면서 액상(液相) 비율(比率)이 44.3%로 높은 등 물리성이 양호하였으며 생왕겨에 비해서는 수분흡수율이 1.5배나 높아 왕겨를 배지로 사용할 경우 문제점이었던 수분 흡수 능력도 양호하였다. 곰취의 생육단계별 체내 질소함량은 생육초기인 정식후 20일경에는 1.42%로 공시 배지중 가장 낮았으나 생육후기로 갈수록 점차 높아져 정식후 60일경에는 생육초기에 비해 2.4배나 증가되었고 3종의 배지 중 가장 높았다. 곰취의 엽진(葉辰), 엽폭(葉幅), 엽수(葉數) 등 생육은 팽연화 왕겨 배지에서 가장 양호하였으며 다음으로 펄라이트, 모래 순이었다. 수량은 하계 및 동계재배 공히 팽연화(膨軟化) 왕겨에서 초기 수량은 다소 낮았으나 후기로 갈수록 높아져 기존배지인 펄라이트에 비해 각각 $15\sim29%$ 증수되는 경향이었다. 2. 배지량에 따른 생육 및 수량은 유의성이 인정되지 않아 경제성 및 재배의 안정성을 고려할 경우 105 $\iota/m^3$가 적정한 것으로 인정되었다. 3. 재식밀도별 수량은 밀식일수록 증수되는 경향으로 50주/$m^3$에서 가장 높아 적정재식 밀도로 판단되었는데 더 이상의 밀식은 정식작업이 불가능하였다.절편과 약에 있어서 생장조절물질(生長調節物質)에 대한 반응에 차이(差異)가 다소 있음을 알 수 있었다. 약유래 식물체의 염색체(染色體)조사결과 대부분이 2n=34이었으며, 소수(小數) (5.4%)가 4배체이었다.(畦幅) 50cm, 주간(株間) l0cm로 재배(栽培)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이었다.糞肥料施用)은 15%, 유기질(有機質) 비료(肥料)는 26%, 3요소 시용(施用)은 17%가 각각(各各) 증수(增收)되었으나, 특히 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)에서 31% 증수(增收)되었고, 근피중(根皮重)은 무비구(無肥區) 151kg에 비(比)하여 퇴비(堆肥), 계분(鷄糞) 비료(肥料) 시용(施用)은 $42{\sim}49%$ 증수(增收)되어 모단(牡丹) 재배시(栽培時) 화학비료(化學肥料) 시용(施用)보다는 퇴비(堆肥) 등(等) 유기질(有機質) 비료(肥料) 시용(施用)이 효고적(效果的)이었다.DS-PAGE법(法)으로 단백질(蛋白質) 양상을 등숙시기별(等熟時期別)로 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 두 계통간(系統間) 질적(質的)인 차이(差異)는 보이지 않았으나 시기별(時期別)로는 양적차이(量的差異)를 나타냈다.間)에는 부(負)(-)의 상관(相關)이 있다.($P{\leq}0.01%$). 5. NEL 및 starch value 환경온도(環境溫度)가 상승(上昇)됨에 따라 감소(減少)된다. 4 엽기(葉期) sorghum식물(植物)의 환경온도(環境溫度)를 달리 하였을 때 NEL가치(價値)는 각각(各各) 4.87MJ($30/25^{\circ}C$), 5.46MJ($25/20^{\circ}C$) 및 5.81MJ/kg($18/8^{\circ}C$)로 변(變)하여 고온(高溫)에서 net energy lactation 축적(蓄積)이 크게 감소(減少)되었다.다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 2021

본 연구는 남부지역 논 토양에서 옥수수(사료용 및 간식용) 재배 시 경운방법과 파종시기의 차이가 작물의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 여름 재배기간을 거친 후 겨울 소득작물인 양파에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 전·후작물 모두 적절한 수량을 얻을 수 있는 경운방법과 파종시기 및 파종한계기를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 1. 옥수수의 경우 경운처리에 따라서는 생육 및 수량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 파종시기에 따라서는 광평옥, 일미찰 모두 파종시기가 늦을수록 생육이 저조하였고 착수고의 경우 생육의 차이에 의해 7월 15일 파종 처리구가 비교적 낮았다. LAI의 경우 광평옥은 7월 3일, 7월 15일 파종 처리구에서 초기 생육기 온도가 높음에 따라 엽의 발달이 빨랐고 시간이 경과됨에 따라서 유의한 차이는 없어졌다. 일미찰의 경우는 파종시기에 따라 LAI에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 일미찰은 습해에 약한 품종으로 7월 3일, 7월 15일 파종 처리구는 생육 초기 고온임에도 불구하고 장마에 의한 과습의 피해로 엽의 발달에 차이가 없었다. 2. 광평옥 수량구성요소의 경우 파종시기가 늦을수록 이삭 장 및 단위면적당 이삭수가 적었고, 이삭 및 간엽의 건물수량과 TDN도 낮았다. 일미찰 또한 수량구성요소 및 수량이 파종시기가 늦을수록 낮게 나타났다. 3. 본 실험에서 실시된 심경처리의 경우 옥수수의 생육에는 크게 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 파종시기에 따라서는 파종이 지연됨에 따라 특히 7월 15일 파종 처리구에서 옥수수의 생육 및 수량이 부진하였으므로 파종시기는 7월 3일 파종 처리구와 시기가 비슷한 7월 초까지가 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 4. 양파의 경우 여름작물인 옥수수에 실시된 경운방법 및 파종시기 처리에 따라 생육 및 수량에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 양호한 생육과 수량을 보였다. 이는 2019년도 여름 재배기간을 거치고 겨울작물 재배 준비를 위한 포장정지작업이 이루어짐에 따라 양파 파종까지 4개월 이상이 경과되어 경운 및 파종시기 처리의 효과가 상쇄되어 양파의 생육에 영향이 없었던 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out at paddy field (commercial silty loam soil) in the southwestern Korea. Pungsannamulkong, a determinate growth habit, was a relatively high yielding and late maturing cultivar, and Han­namkong, a semi determinate growth habit, was a relatively low yielding and early maturing cultivar. Seeds were sowed at two plants and with a planting density of $70{\times}10cm$ on May 26, 2003. Fertilizer was applied prior to planting at a rate of 3.0-3.0-3.4g $(N-P_2O_5-K_2O)\;per\;m^2$ by all basal fertilizations. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Seed yield was higher in Pungsannamulkong by 362g per $m^2$ than in Hannamkong of 260g per $m^2$ Also, the number of pod, number of seed, and number of seed per pod were greater in Pungsannamulkong than in Hannamkong. The number of leaves per $m^2$ showed similar with two soybean cultivars up to August 24 but thereafter it decreased in Hannamkong. The leaf area up to August 4 increased in Hannamkong higher than in Pungsannamulkong, but after that time, Pungsannamulkong had greater leaf area than Hannamkong. The shoot and leaf dry matter of two soybean cultivars from June 23 to August 4 were similar but thereafter, Pungsannamulkong had a significantly greater than Hannamkong. Crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilate rate (NAR) for Punsannamulkong were relatively higher than Hannamkong but leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf weight (SLW) showed higher in Hannamkong. Most of leaves distributed in the ranges of 80-90cm and 60-70cm from the soil surface in Punsannamulkong and Hannamkong, respectively. Pods of Punsannamulkong ranged 10-80cm from the soil surface and most of pods were distributed at 40-50cm. Photosynthetic rate at the flowering stage showed a significant difference between cultivars in the upper most leaf position. There was no significant difference of the photosynthetic rate at $7^{tn}$ leaf at the flowering stage, and the uppermost and 7th leaf position at the seed development stage between two soybean cultivars.