• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2013

Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb. ex Murray) Koidz. is natively distributed in Korea. The importance of this species has been increased not only for high quality timber but for medicinal and edible uses. However, increasing market demand of K. septemlobus with illegal cutting and overexploitation has resulted in its rapid depletion and destruction of natural habitat. This study was conducted to understand the survival rate and growth characteristics of planted K. septemlobus seedlings with treatment of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density. The survival rate and growth of height and root-collar diameter for one- and two-year old seedlings with different planting densities were investigated in the clear-cut area of a Pinus densiflora stand for five years. One-year-old seedlings were treated with or without root pruning and planted with three density levels (5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$, and 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$). Two-year-old seedlings were treated with and without stem cutting and planted with the density of 5,000 trees $ha^{-1}$. The survival rate of one-year-old seedlings with root pruning treatment in the density of 10,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 92%, while that without root pruning in the density of 40,000 trees $ha^{-1}$ was 67% after five years. The height of one-year-old seedlings has been significantly affected only by planting density in the $5^{th}$ year. The survival rate of the two-year-old seedlings with stem cutting was 75.5% and greater than control (67.3%) in the $5^{th}$ year but no difference in height was shown between the two treatments from three years after plantation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2021

Low-density transplanting is a cultivation technology that reduces labor and production costs. In this study, the growth and yield of several varieties with different tillering characteristics were analyzed in order to establish an appropriate planting density for low-density transplanting. Varieties with Low-Tillering (LT), Medium-Tillering (MT), and High-Tillering (HT) were planted at a density of 37-80 hills/3.3 m². As the planting density decreased, the number of tillers per hill increased, but the number of tillers per square meter of hill decreased, especially for the LT variety. Decreasing density extended the tillering stage, which was longest in the LT variety. As the planting density decreased, SPAD(Soil plant analysis development, chlorophyll meter) values just before heading increased while canopy light interception decreased. Such changes were much greater in the LT variety than in the MT and HT varieties. The heading date tended to be delayed by 0-2 days as the planting density decreased, and there was no difference in the length of the period from first heading to full heading. As the number of spikelets per panicle increased, the number of spikelets per square meter did not differ according to the planting density. Decreasing planting density did not affect the grain weight; nevertheless, the yield ultimately decreased because of the decreasing ripening rate. The optimal planting density for stable low-density transplanting cultivation was determined to be over 50 hills/3.3 m2. In addition, these results suggest that LT varieties should be avoided, since these showed large decreases in growth and yield with decreasing planting density.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.604-612
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• 2017

In this study, the effects of planting density on the growth of chrysanthemum in a greenhouse were evaluated on two popular varieties (i.e., Sinma and Moonlight). Planting density treatments were as follows: 1) $12cm{\times}12cm$, 2) $6cm{\times}12cm$, 3) $6cm{\times}12cm$ with one-cell vacant, and 4) $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant. Size of each treatments indicate one chrysanthemum was planted in that sized cell that was rectangular shaped field and these treatments were located in a line. Moreover, "one and two-cell vacant" means that it makes middle point of the field empty, offers beside chrysanthemum larger spaces to grow. For the Sinma variety, the results of growth and flowering characteristics at the harvesting stage showed that leaf number, leaf length, flower length, and leaf area were highest when the crop was planted at the $12cm{\times}12cm$ density, and the next preferable density was $6cm{\times}12cm$ with one-cell vacant. For the Moonlight variety, the results showed that stalk height and diameter, leaf number and length, flower length, leaf area, and flower number were highest at the $12cm{\times}12cm$ planting density. For Sinma, ratios of marketable production were 87.5% and 83.3% for the $12cm{\times}12cm$ and $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant, respectively. For Moonlight, ratios were 88.0% and 84.3% for the $12cm{\times}12cm$ and $6cm{\times}12cm$ with two-cell vacant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2007

In order to find out the optimum fertilizer level and planting density of high yielding variety, $Okayma^{#2}$, this experiment was conducted with 3 compositions of fertilizer levels and a different plant density at the experiment paddy field of mat rush in Mokpo Experiment Station, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. $Okayma^{#2}$, mat rush variety was grown under different fertilizer level and planting density with the highest yielding. Yield components such as stem length, number of stem were highest at the plots with fertilizer level (kg/10a), 80-20-40 and planting density, 20 ${\times}$ 10cm. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum fertilizer level and planting density of mat rush seemed to be 80-20-40kg/10a fertilizer and 20cm row spacing and l0cm or I5cm planting spacing.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2020

Background: The leaves of the goji berry (Lycium chinense Mill.) are used as raw materials in processing and by replace fruits to some extent. The reason is that the leaves are cheaper, however, betaine content is higher than in the fruits. These experiments were conducted to determine the planting density and cutting height for producing a large number of leaves. Methods and Results: The cultivar 'Myeongan' with many branches was used. When the shoot height reached 50 cm - 70 cm, harvesting was possible four times a year. The time to next harvest was approximately 38 days after regeneration of new shoots. Leaf quantity was in the order of 1st > 2nd > 4th > 3rd harvest. Insect damage occurred during the third harvest in late July and early August, therefore, eco-friendly control was necessary. The total yield was higher at the planting density 60 cm × 30 cm than that of 60 cm × 20 cm or 60 cm × 40 cm. The yield at cutting for shoot height of 60 cm was increased by 6.3 percent compared to that of 50 cm, At the cutting height of 70 cm, harvest was difficult owing to hardening of stems and thorns. Betaine content, an indicator component of goji berry, was not significantly different according to planting densities and cutting height. Conclusions: The ideal cutting period to produce leaves of goji berry for processing is when the shoots grow to approximately 60 cm, and the leaves can be harvested 4 times a year. The dried-leaf yield was highest at the planting density of 60 cm × 30 cm.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2010

Cultural practices of Asparagus cochinchinensis in highland area were performed for a potential medicinal crop. These studies were examined to propagation methods, planting densities, nitrogen treatments, and cropping years. The results are summarized as follows. The adequate number of buds per tuberous root was 4 for vegetative propagation because the number of tuberous root harvested was 16.8 and the yield was also the highest, exhibiting 1,060 kg/10a. The suitable planting time for vegetative propagation was later than early April. If the earlier tuberous roots were planted, the less they emerged. The highest emergence rate was obtained from the planting density of $30{\times}20cm$ as 97.2% while the yield was highest in the $30{\times}15cm$ density, exhibiting 1,883 kg/10a with emergence rate at 94.9. It seemed that the higher planting density promoted plant height growth and yield in Asparagus cochinchinensis. The highest fresh weight was recorded at 6 kg/10a of nitrogen fertilizer into the sandy loam soil compared to the level of 0, 3, 9 kg/10a. The yield was increased with cropping years. However, the proper harvesting time was the second year of cultivation because the rate of weight increase was maximized in the 2-year-old tuberous root. The yield in the third year was decreased as compared to that of the second year.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.196-202
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• 2008

To establish a cultivation system of Sedum sarmentosum using a rice nursery tray ($30{\times}60{\times}3\;cm$) in non-heating plastic film house, cuttings of two local strains (Wanju and Keumsan) were prepared and planted at different planting densities (40, 60 and 80 cuttings per tray) on September 7th, and subsequent growth and yield at pre- and post-winter season were investigated. When pre-wintering growth were measured at 60 days after planting, high planting density (80 cuttings/tray) decreased leaf length and lateral shoot number per plant compared to 40 cuttings/tray. When post-wintering growth were measured on April 20th, no significant growth differences as affected by planting density were observed in Keumsan strain, while decreased stem diameter, node number and leaf number were observed in Wanju strain planted at 80 cuttings/tray compared to 40 cuttings/tray. Fresh and dry weights were not significantly different as affected by planting density, but those were significantly increased in Wanju strain compared to Keumsan strain. When regrowth characteristics followed by the first harvest were measured on June 5th, significantly increased stem number was observed at 80 cuttings/tray compared to 40 cuttings/ tray. Fresh and dry weight were significantly increased in Keumsan strain planted at 80 cuttings/tray compared to 40 cuttings/tray, and dry weight were increased in Wanju strain compared to Keumsan strain. Wanju strain showed higher shoot yield, thicker stem, shorter node and larger leaf, and non-succulent stem under high planting density compared to Keumsan strain. Accordingly, the optimum density was 40 cuttings per tray, and Wanju strain was adequate for the cultivation system using a rice nursery tray.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2019

The crops recommended for the plant factory system are diverse. The importance of planting density in the plant factory is being recognized. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal planting density for growth and quality of kohlrabi in a closed-type plant factory system. The kohlrabi was grown under fluorescent lamps and nutrient film technique system. The growth and quality of kohlrabi were investigated under four different planting densities ($22plants/m^2(15{\times}30cm)$, $27plants/m^2(15{\times}25cm)$, and $33plants/m^2(15{\times}20cm)$). There were no significant interactions between Shoot fresh and dry weights per plant or bulb stem fresh and dry weights per plant and planting density. Shoot fresh and dry weight per area or bulb stem fresh and dry weight per area were the highest at $33plants/m^2$. There were no significant interactions between plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, hardness, and chlorophyll content and planting density. Significant differences in Bulb stem height and diameter, and brix were observed. Bulb stem height and diameter and brix of kohlrabi were the highest at $22plants/m^2$. Based on our results, we conclude that the optimal planting density is $33plants/m^2$ for growth of kohlrabi, however, the optimal planting density is $22plants/m^2$ for quality of kohlrabi in a closed-type plant factory system.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2000

The result of this experiment which are conducted, to improve the cultivation technology of Alisma plantago, to increase its quantity and to contribute for stable production with Yongiun local group by examining the optimal planting density and transplanting period of double cropping of Alisma plantago in the southern region. The characters of plant height, leaf width and length tend to be reduced as the seeding period is later by the order of the 10th, 20th and 30th of July. The period required for flowering is reduced as the transplanting period is later and dense planting is applied. Plant height, the number of leaves and yield of dry root have much quantity at the dense planting density of 20$\times$ 15cm as they are transplanted later in the 30th of August or the 10th of September, but they are rather less in sparse planting density of 20$\times$25cm or 20$\times$35cm.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2008

This purpose of this study was to examine the effect of planting density, growing medium and strength of a nutrient solution (National Horticultural Research Institute's nutrient solution: HRI's) on the growth and development of Oriental hybrid lily 'Le Reve' in a box cultivation. The planting density with 14, 18 and 22 bulbs had sprouting one day earlier than other treatments. Planting density of 22 bulbs flowered first, while six bulbs flowered the last, indicating that higher planting densities led earlier flowering. The increasing planting density increased stem length of cut flowers. On the other hand, cut flower quality was improved when the planting density was lower. The incidence of physiological disorders such as blasting was more frequent in planting density of 22, 18, and 14, indicating that higher planting densities caused higher incidences of physiological disorders. All planting densities except 22 bulbs displayed superior results in width, weight, number, and scale weight of the bulbs. Greater planting densities led to inferior bulb enlargement and an increased decomposition rate. pH decreased in all treatments after the bulb enlargement and decreased more as the planting density increased. Contents of P, K, Ca, and Mg increased, while contents of K and Ca decreased, as the planting density increased. The rice hull+coir (1:1, v/v) treatment was better than others, but did not show that much of a difference. Moreover, in bulbs enlargement after cut flower harvest, lily medium and perlite+peat moss treatments showed superior results, and decomposition rate was the greatest in the rice hull+coir (1:1, v/v) treatment. In the HRI's solution strength treatment from the period of flower bud emergence to flower harvest, higher solution strengths gave better cut flower quality in terns of length, weight, and number of flowers. The non-treated control and one third strength of a HRI's solution hastened flowering, indicating that lower strengths led to earlier flowering. According to the results of leaf analysis as affected by solution strength during the flower harvest, absorption rates of N and K were greater when the strength was higher, and Ca and Mg showed the same tendency. On the other hand, the absorption rate of P was the lowest in all treatments.